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ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ فِي الْقُبُورِ،وَ يُنْعِمُ فِيهَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِنُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ وَلاَيَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)وَ يُعَذِّبُ الْكَافِرِينَ فِيهَا. ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ بِأَنْ تَمُوتُوا فِي الْقُبُورِ بَعْدُ،ثُمَّ تُحْيَوْا لِلْبَعْثِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ،تُرْجَعُونَ إِلَى مَا قَدْ وَعَدَكُمْ مِنَ الثَّوَابِ عَلَى الطَّاعَاتِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فَاعِلِيهَا،وَ مِنَ الْعِقَابِ عَلَى الْمَعَاصِي إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُقَارِفِيهَا»

Then He will give you life in the graves, and there He will bestow favor upon the believers by the prophethood of Muhammad and the guardianship of Ali (peace be upon them), and He will punish the disbelievers therein. Then to Him you shall return in the Hereafter: that is, you will die in the graves thereafter, then you will be given life for the resurrection on the Day of Judgment; you will return to what He has promised you of reward for acts of obedience if you perform them, and of punishment for sins if you commit them. [1]

و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:و قوله كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِاللّٰهِ وَ كُنْتُمْ أَمْوٰاتاً أي نطفة ميتة و علقة،فأجرى فيكم الروح فَأَحْيٰاكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ بَعْدُ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ في القيامة. قال:و الحياة في كتاب اللّه على وجوه كثيرة:فمن الحياة:ابتداء خلق الإنسان في قوله: فَإِذٰا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَ نَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سٰاجِدِينَ. و الوجه الثاني من الحياة:يعني إنبات الأرض،و هو قوله: يُحْيِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهٰا و الأرض الميتة: التي لا نبات بها،فإحياؤها بنباتها. و وجه آخر من الحياة:و هو دخول الجنة،و هو قوله: اِسْتَجِيبُوا لِلّٰهِ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ إِذٰا دَعٰاكُمْ لِمٰا يُحْيِيكُمْ يعني الخلود في الجنة،و الدليل على ذلك قوله: وَ إِنَّ الدّٰارَ الْآخِرَةَ لَهِيَ الْحَيَوٰانُ.

Ali ibn Ibrahim said: As for His saying, How do you disbelieve in Allah while you were dead?—that is, a lifeless drop and a clot; then He caused the spirit to flow in you and gave you life; then He will cause you to die thereafter; then He will give you life; then to Him you shall be returned at the Resurrection. He said: Life in the Book of Allah is of many kinds. Of life is the beginning of the creation of the human being, in His saying: So when I have made him complete and breathed into him of My spirit, fall down making obeisance to him. Another aspect of life is the sprouting of the earth, in His saying: He gives life to the earth after its death; the dead earth is that in which there is no vegetation, and its being given life is by its vegetation. And another aspect of life is entrance into Paradise, in His saying: Answer Allah and the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life, meaning abiding in Paradise; and the proof of that is His saying: And the abode of the Hereafter, that is the (true) life.

قوله تعالى: هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مٰا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ اسْتَوىٰ إِلَى السَّمٰاءِ فَسَوّٰاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمٰاوٰاتٍ وَ هُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ[29]

His saying, exalted is He: He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth, and He directed Himself to the heaven, so He made them complete seven heavens, and He knows all things. [Al-Baqarah 2:29, M. H. Shakir]

99-/366 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْمُفَسِّرُ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ،عَنْ أَبَوَيْهِمَا،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا،عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:«قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مٰا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ اسْتَوىٰ إِلَى السَّمٰاءِ فَسَوّٰاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمٰاوٰاتٍ وَ هُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ .

99-/366 _1- Ibn Bābawayh said: Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Mufassir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, he said: Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Ziyad and Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sayyar narrated to us, from their two fathers, from al-Hasan ibn Ali, from his father Ali ibn Muhammad, from his father Muhammad ibn Ali, from his father Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, from his father Musa ibn Ja‘far, from his father Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, from his father Muhammad ibn Ali, from his father Ali ibn al-Husayn, from his father al-Husayn ibn Ali (peace be upon them). He said: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth, and He directed Himself to the heaven, so He made them complete seven heavens, and He knows all things.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:35.

_2) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:35.

_1) -عيون أخبار الرضا(عليه السلام)2:29/12.

_1) -‘Uyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā (alayhi al-salām) 2:29/12.

[1] قارف فلان الخطيئة:أي خالطها.«الصحاح-قرف-4:1416».

[1] Qārafa fulānun al-khaṭī’ata: ay khālatahā. “al-Ṣiḥāḥ – Qarafa – 4:1416”.

[2] [3] الحجر 15:29.

[2] [3] al-Ḥijr 15:29.

[4] الحديد 57:17.

[4] al-Ḥadīd 57:17.

[5] الأنفال 8:24.

[5] al-Anfāl 8:24.

[6] العنكبوت 29:64.

[6] al-‘Ankabūt 29:64.

قَالَ:هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً لِتَعْتَبِرُوا بِهِ،وَ لِتَتَوَصَّلُوا بِهِ إِلَى رِضْوَانِهِ،وَ تَتَوَقَّوْا بِهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ نِيرَانِهِ. ثُمَّ اسْتَوىٰ إِلَى السَّمٰاءِ أَخَذَ فِي خَلْقِهَا وَ إِتْقَانِهَا فَسَوّٰاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمٰاوٰاتٍ وَ هُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ وَ لِعِلْمِهِ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ-عَلِمَ الْمَصَالِحَ-فَخَلَقَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ لِمَصَالِحِكُمْ،يَا بَنِي آدَمَ».

He said: He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth, so that you may take admonition by it, and so that by means of it you may attain His good pleasure, and guard yourselves by it from the punishment of His fires. Then He directed Himself to the heaven—He commenced its creation and perfection—so He made them seven heavens, and He knows all things; and by His knowledge of all things, He knew the benefits, so He created for you what is in the earth for your benefits, O children of Adam.

99-/367 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ،عَنْ سَلاَّمِ بْنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ الْجَنَّةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ النَّارَ،وَ خَلَقَ الطَّاعَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْمَعْصِيَةَ،وَ خَلَقَ الرَّحْمَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْغَضَبَ،وَ خَلَقَ الْخَيْرَ قَبْلَ الشَّرِّ،وَ خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ قَبْلَ السَّمَاءِ،وَ خَلَقَ الْحَيَاةَ قَبْلَ الْمَوْتِ،وَ خَلَقَ الشَّمْسَ قَبْلَ الْقَمَرِ،وَ خَلَقَ النُّورَ قَبْلَ الظُّلْمَةِ».

99-/367 _2- Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, by his chain, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Abu Ja‘far al-Ahwal, from Salam ibn al-Mustanir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), said: Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, created Paradise before He created the Fire; and He created obedience before He created disobedience; and He created mercy before He created wrath; and He created good before evil; and He created the earth before the heaven; and He created life before death; and He created the sun before the moon; and He created light before darkness.

قوله تعالى

: وَ إِذْ قٰالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلاٰئِكَةِ إِنِّي جٰاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قٰالُوا أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيهٰا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهٰا وَ يَسْفِكُ الدِّمٰاءَ وَ نَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَ نُقَدِّسُ لَكَ قٰالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مٰا لاٰ تَعْلَمُونَ[30]

His saying, exalted is He: And when your Lord said to the angels, I am going to place in the earth a khalif; they said: What! wilt Thou place in it such as shall make mischief in it and shed blood, and we celebrate Thy praise and extol Thy holiness? He said: Surely I know what you do not know. [Al-Baqarah 2:30, M. H. Shakir]

وَ عَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمٰاءَ كُلَّهٰا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ فَقٰالَ أَنْبِئُونِي بِأَسْمٰاءِ هٰؤُلاٰءِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰادِقِينَ[31]

And He taught Adam all the names, then presented them to the angels; then He said: Tell Me the names of those if you are right. [Al-Baqarah 2:31, M. H. Shakir]

قٰالُوا سُبْحٰانَكَ لاٰ عِلْمَ لَنٰا إِلاّٰ مٰا عَلَّمْتَنٰا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ[32]

They said: Glory be to Thee! we have no knowledge but that which Thou hast taught us; surely Thou art the Knowing, the Wise. [Al-Baqarah 2:32, M. H. Shakir]

قٰالَ يٰا آدَمُ أَنْبِئْهُمْ بِأَسْمٰائِهِمْ فَلَمّٰا أَنْبَأَهُمْ بِأَسْمٰائِهِمْ قٰالَ أَ لَمْ أَقُلْ لَكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ أَعْلَمُ مٰا تُبْدُونَ وَ مٰا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ[33]

He said: O Adam, inform them of their names. Then when he had informed them of their names, He said: Did I not say to you that I surely know what is hidden in the heavens and the earth and (that) I know what you manifest and what you hide? [Al-Baqarah 2:33, M. H. Shakir]

99-/368 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «لَمَّا قِيلَ لَهُمْ: هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مٰا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً [1]الْآيَةَ،قَالُوا:مَتَى كَانَ هَذَا؟فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ-حِينَ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ الَّذِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ[مَعَ إِبْلِيسَ، وَ قَدْ طَرَدُوا عَنْهَا الْجِنَّ بَنِي الْجَانِّ،وَ خَفَّتِ الْعِبَادَةُ]- إِنِّي جٰاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً بَدَلاً مِنْكُمْ وَ رَافِعُكُمْ مِنْهَا، فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ،لِأَنَّ الْعِبَادَةَ عِنْدَ رُجُوعِهِمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ تَكُونُ أَثْقَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ.

99-/368 _1- Imam Abu Muhammad al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: When it was said to them: He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth [the verse], they said: When was this? So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said—when your Lord said to the angels who were on the earth [together with Iblis, and they had driven out from it the jinn, the sons of al-Jann, and worship had become light]—I am going to place in the earth a vicegerent in your stead and raise you up from it. That weighed heavily upon them, because worship, when they returned to the heaven, would be more burdensome upon them.

[1] البقرة 2:29.

[1] al-Baqarah 2:29.