S 29 Ayat 39 to 43
قوله تعالى:
وَ قٰارُونَ وَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَ هٰامٰانَ وَ لَقَدْ جٰاءَهُمْ مُوسىٰ بِالْبَيِّنٰاتِ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ مٰا يَعْقِلُهٰا إِلاَّ الْعٰالِمُونَ
29-/29:39-43
The saying of Allah, the Most High: "And (We destroyed) Qarun and Firon and Haman; and certainly Musa came to them with clear arguments, but they behaved haughtily in the land, and they could not outstrip (Us). So each We punished for his sin; of them was he on whom We sent down a violent storm, and of them was he whom the rumbling overtook, and of them was he whom We made to be swallowed up by the earth, and of them was he whom We drowned; and it did not beseem Allah that He should be unjust to them, but they were unjust to their own souls." (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:39-40, M H Shakir translation) And He, the Most High, says: "These are the parables, and We set them forth for mankind, and none understand them but the learned." (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:43, M H Shakir translation)
[39-43] /8272 _1-و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم،في قوله: وَ قٰارُونَ وَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَ هٰامٰانَ وَ لَقَدْ جٰاءَهُمْ مُوسىٰ بِالْبَيِّنٰاتِ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ مٰا كٰانُوا سٰابِقِينَ :فهذا ردّ على المجبرة الذين زعموا أن الأفعال لله عزّ و جلّ و لا صنع لهم فيها و لا اكتساب،فرد اللّه عليهم،فقال: فَكُلاًّ أَخَذْنٰا بِذَنْبِهِ ،و لم يقل بفعلنا به،لأن اللّه عزّ و جلّ أعدل من أن يعذب العبد على فعله الذي يجبره عليه.فقال اللّه: فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنٰا عَلَيْهِ حٰاصِباً ،و هم قوم لوط وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَخَذَتْهُ الصَّيْحَةُ ،و هم قوم شعيب و صالح وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ خَسَفْنٰا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ ،و هم قوم هود وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَغْرَقْنٰا ،و هم فرعون و أصحابه.
ثمّ قال:قال اللّه عزّ و جلّ تأكيدا و ردا على المجبرة: وَ مٰا كٰانَ اللّٰهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَ لٰكِنْ كٰانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ ،ثمّ ضرب اللّه مثلا فيمن اتخذ من دون اللّه أولياء،فقال: مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللّٰهِ أَوْلِيٰاءَ كَمَثَلِ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ اتَّخَذَتْ بَيْتاً ،و هو الذي نسجته العنكبوت على باب الغار الذي دخله رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،و هو أوهن البيوت-قال-فكذلك من اتخذ من دون اللّه أولياء.
ثمّ قال: وَ تِلْكَ الْأَمْثٰالُ نَضْرِبُهٰا لِلنّٰاسِ وَ مٰا يَعْقِلُهٰا إِلاَّ الْعٰالِمُونَ ،يعني آل محمد(عليهم السلام).
39-43 /8272
And ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said regarding the saying of Allah, the Most High: "And Qarun and Firon and Haman; and certainly Musa came to them with clear arguments, but they behaved haughtily in the land, and they could not outstrip (Us)." (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:39, M H Shakir translation) This is a refutation against the determinists (al-Mujbira) who claimed that actions belong solely to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, and that people have no role or acquisition in them. So Allah refuted them by saying: "So each We punished for his sin," (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:40, M H Shakir translation) and He did not say "for Our action upon him," because Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, is more just than to punish the servant for a deed He compelled him to commit.
Then Allah, the Most High, explained: "Of them was he on whom We sent down a violent storm," referring to the people of Lut, "and of them was he whom the rumbling overtook," referring to the people of Shu‘ayb and Salih, "and of them was he whom We made to be swallowed up by the earth," referring to the people of Hud, "and of them was he whom We drowned," referring to Pharaoh and his people.
Then Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, emphasized, once again rejecting the determinists, by saying: "And it did not beseem Allah that He should be unjust to them, but they were unjust to their own souls." (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:40, M H Shakir translation)
Then Allah, the Most High, struck a parable regarding those who take protectors besides Allah, saying: "The parable of those who take guardians besides Allah is as the parable of the spider that takes to itself a house," (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:41, M H Shakir translation) and it refers to the spider's web spun at the entrance of the cave into which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) entered. It is the weakest of houses—just as those who take guardians besides Allah are weak and fragile in reliance.
Then He said: "And these parables, We set them forth for mankind, and none understand them but the learned." (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:43, M H Shakir translation) Meaning, according to ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, the learned refers to the family of Muhammad (peace be upon them).
99-/8273 _2- شَرَفُ الدِّينِ النَّجَفِيُّ،قَالَ:رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ [2] الْبَرْقِيُّ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَيْفٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: كَمَثَلِ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ اتَّخَذَتْ بَيْتاً وَ إِنَّ أَوْهَنَ الْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ ،قَالَ:«هِيَ الْحُمَيْرَاءُ».
99-/8273
Sharaf ad-Din an-Najafi narrated: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Barqi reported from al-Husayn ibn Saif, from his brother, from his father, from Salim ibn Mukram, from his father, who said: I heard Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) say regarding the saying of Allah, the Most High: "The parable of those who take guardians besides Allah is as the parable of the spider that takes to itself a house; and surely the frailest of houses is the spider’s house." (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:41, M H Shakir translation) He said: "It refers to al-Humayra’ (the red-cheeked woman, i.e., A’ishah)."
99-/8274 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ،عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ
يَسَارٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:
وَ مٰا يَعْقِلُهٰا إِلاَّ الْعٰالِمُونَ ،قَالَ:«نَحْنُ هُمْ».
و سيأتي حديث في ذلك-إن شاء اللّه تعالى-في قوله تعالى: بَلْ هُوَ آيٰاتٌ بَيِّنٰاتٌ فِي صُدُورِ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ [1].
99-/8274
Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas narrated: Al-Husayn ibn ‘Amir reported from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from Malik ibn ‘Atiyyah, from Muhammad ibn Marwan, from al-Fudayl ibn Yasar, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And none understand them but the learned." (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:43, M H Shakir translation) He said: "We are the ones meant."
And a narration regarding this will also come, if Allah wills, in His saying, the Most High: "Nay! These are clear communications in the breasts of those who are granted knowledge." (Surah al-‘Ankabut, 29:49, M H Shakir translation)
_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:150.
_2) -تأويل الآيات 1:7/430.
_3) -تأويل الآيات 1:8/430.
[1] الأنبياء 21:74.
[2] في جميع النسخ:محمّد بن خالد،راجع معجم رجال الحديث 5:267 و 12:57.
Page 321 in Arabic