Chapter on the Interpretation of Sins
باب تفسير الذنوب
Chapter on the Interpretation of Sins
99-/8366 _4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ الْعَلاَءِ،عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُغَيِّرُ النِّعَمَ:اَلْبَغْيُ،وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُورِثُ النَّدَمَ:اَلْقَتْلُ،وَ الَّتِي تُنْزِلُ النِّقَمَ:اَلظُّلْمُ،وَ الَّتِي تَهْتِكُ السِّتْرَ:شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ،وَ الَّتِي تَحْبِسُ الرِّزْقَ:اَلرِّبَا [2]، وَ الَّتِي تُعَجِّلُ الْفَنَاءَ:قَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ،وَ الَّتِي تَرُدُّ الدُّعَاءَ وَ تُظْلِمُ الْهَوَاءَ:عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ».
99-/8366 4 - Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, from al-Husayn ibn Muhammad, from Mu'alla ibn Muhammad, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-'Abbas ibn al-'Ala', from Mujahid, from his father, from Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said:
"The sins which change blessings are transgression; the sins which cause regret are killing; the sins which bring down calamities are oppression; the sins which remove the veil (of dignity) are drinking wine; the sins which withhold provision are usury (Riba); the sins which hasten destruction are cutting the ties of kinship; and the sins which reject supplications and darken the air are mistreatment of parents."
_1) -الكافي 8:19/58.
_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:160.
_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:160.
_4) -الكافي 2:1/324.
[1] في«ط،ي»:كذلك.
[2] في المصدر:الزنى.
Page 351 in Arabic
و
رَوَاهُ ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ فِي(مَعَانِي الْأَخْبَارِ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ،عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مِثْلَهُ،إِلاَّ أَنَّ فِيهِ: «وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تَهْتِكُ الْعِصَمَ،وَ هِيَ السُّتُورُ:شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ [1]».
And Ibn Babawayh narrated it in (Ma'ani al-Akhbar), saying: "My father narrated to us, who said: Sa'd ibn Abdullah narrated to us, from Mu'alla ibn Muhammad, who said: Al-Abbas ibn al-'Ala' narrated to us, from Mujahid, from his father, from Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) similarly, except that in it is:
'And the sins which tear apart protective safeguards—meaning the veils (of dignity)—are drinking wine.'"
/8367 _2-وعَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «كَانَ أَبِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ:نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ الَّتِي تُعَجِّلُ الْفَنَاءَ،وَ تُقَرِّبُ الْآجَالَ،وَ تُخْلِي الدِّيَارَ،وَ هِيَ:قَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ وَ الْعُقُوقُ،وَ تَرْكُ الْبِرِّ».
99-/8367 2 - And from him: From Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahbub, from Ishaq ibn Ammar, who said: I heard Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) saying:
_"My father (peace be upon him) used to say: 'We seek refuge with Allah from the sins which hasten destruction, shorten lifespans, and empty the homes. They are: severing ties of kinship, mistreatment of parents, and abandonment of goodness.'"
/8368 _3-وعَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ؛عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ،أَوْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنْ أَيُّوبَ،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِذَا فَشَتْ أَرْبَعَةٌ،ظَهَرَتْ أَرْبَعَةٌ:إِذَا فَشَا الزِّنَا ظَهَرَتِ الزَّلْزَلَةُ،وَ إِذَا فَشَا الْجَوْرُ فِي الْحُكْمِ احْتُبِسَ الْقَطْرُ،وَ إِذَا خُفِرَتِ الذِّمَّةُ [2] أُدِيلَ [3] لِأَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلاَمِ،وَ إِذَا مُنِعَتِ الزَّكَاةُ ظَهَرَتِ الْحَاجَةُ».
99-/8368 3 - And from him: From Ali ibn Ibrahim, from Ayyub ibn Nuh—or some of his companions—from Ayyub, from Safwan ibn Yahya, who said: One of our companions narrated to me, who said: Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) said:
"When four things spread, four others appear: When adultery spreads, earthquakes appear; when injustice in judgment spreads, rain is withheld; when covenants are violated, idolaters prevail over Muslims; and when zakat is withheld, poverty spreads."
99-/8369 _4- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الْقَطَّانُ، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا تَمِيمُ بْنُ بُهْلُولٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ [4]،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ:
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا خَالِدٍ الْكَابُلِيَّ يَقُولُ:سَمِعْتُ زَيْنَ الْعَابِدِينَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُغَيِّرُ النِّعَمَ:
الْبَغْيُ عَلَى النَّاسِ،وَ الزَّوَالُ عَنِ الْعَادَةِ فِي الْخَيْرِ وَ اصْطِنَاعِ الْمَعْرُوفِ،وَ كُفْرَانُ النِّعَمِ،وَ تَرْكُ الشُّكْرِ،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:
إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لاٰ يُغَيِّرُ مٰا بِقَوْمٍ حَتّٰى يُغَيِّرُوا مٰا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ [5] .
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُورِثُ النَّدَمَ:قَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ،قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ لاٰ تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللّٰهُ [6]،وَ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي قِصَّةِ قَابِيلَ حِينَ قَتَلَ هَابِيلَ فَعَجَزَ عَنْ دَفْنِهِ: فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ النّٰادِمِينَ [7]،وَ تَرْكُ صِلَةِ الْقَرَابَةِ حَتَّى يَسْتَغْنُوا،وَ تَرْكُ الصَّلاَةِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ وَقْتُهَا،وَ تَرْكُ الْوَصِيَّةِ،وَ رَدِّ الْمَظَالِمِ،وَ مَنْعُ الزَّكَاةِ حَتَّى يَحْضُرَ الْمَوْتُ وَ يَنْغَلِقَ اللِّسَانُ.
99-/8369 4 - Ibn Babawayh said: Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Qattan narrated to us, who said: Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Zakariya al-Qattan narrated to us, who said: Bakr ibn Abdullah ibn Habib narrated to us, who said: Tamim ibn Buhlul narrated to us, from his father, from Abdullah ibn al-Fadl, from his father, who said:
I heard Abu Khalid al-Kabuli say: I heard Zayn al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon them both) saying:
"The sins which alter blessings are: Transgressing against people, abandoning the accustomed practice of goodness and acts of kindness, ingratitude for blessings, and neglecting gratitude. Allah Almighty says: 'Surely Allah does not change the condition of a people until they change their own condition' [Qur'an 13:11].
The sins which lead to regret are: Killing a soul that Allah has forbidden. Allah Almighty says: 'And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden' [Qur'an 17:33], and He says, regarding the story of Qabil (Cain) when he killed Habil (Abel) and became unable to bury him: 'Thus, he became of those who regret' [Qur'an 5:31]; and abandoning relatives until they become independent of one's assistance; neglecting prayer until its prescribed time passes; failing to leave a will; failing to return rights (of others); and withholding zakat until death approaches and the tongue becomes sealed."
_2) -الكافي 2:2/324.
_3) -الكافي 2:3/325.
_4) -معاني الأخبار:2/270.
[1] معاني الأخبار:1/629.
[2] أخفر الذمّة:لم يف بها.«لسان العرب-خفر-4:253».
[3] الإدالة:الغلبة.«لسان العرب-دول-11:252».
[4] في المصدر:الفضيل.
[5] الرعد 13:11.
[6] الأنعام 6:151،الاسراء 17:33.
[7] المائدة 5:31.
Page 352 in Arabic
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُنْزِلُ النِّقَمَ:عِصْيَانُ الْعَارِفِ بِالْبَغْيِ،وَ التَّطَاوُلُ عَلَى النَّاسِ،وَ الاِسْتِهْزَاءُ بِهِمْ،وَ السُّخْرِيَّةُ مِنْهُمْ.
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تَدْفَعُ الْقِسْمَ [1]:إِظْهَارُ الاِفْتِقَارِ،وَ النَّوْمُ عَنِ الْعَتَمَةِ،وَ عَنْ صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ،وَ اسْتِحْقَارُ النِّعَمِ، وَ شَكْوَى الْمَعْبُودِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تَهْتِكُ الْعِصَمَ:شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ،وَ اللَّعِبُ بِالْقِمَارِ،وَ تَعَاطِي مَا يُضْحِكُ النَّاسَ مِنَ اللَّغْوِ وَ الْمِزَاحِ،وَ ذِكْرُ عُيُوبِ النَّاسِ،وَ مُجَالَسَةُ أَهْلِ الرَّيْبِ.
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُنْزِلُ الْبَلاَءَ:تَرْكُ إِغَاثَةِ الْمَلْهُوفِ وَ مُعَاوَنَةِ الْمَظْلُومِ،وَ تَضْيِيعُ الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ.
"The sins which bring down calamities are: the disobedience of the knowledgeable through transgression, arrogance towards people, mocking them, and ridiculing them.
The sins which withhold one's allotted share (of sustenance) are: displaying poverty (complaining excessively), sleeping through the 'Isha prayer and the morning (Fajr) prayer, belittling blessings, and complaining against the Lord, the Exalted and Majestic.
The sins which tear apart protective safeguards are: drinking wine, gambling, engaging in idle talk and jokes to amuse people, mentioning people's faults, and sitting with suspicious individuals.
The sins which cause afflictions (and trials) to descend are: abandoning the relief of the distressed and the support of the oppressed, and neglecting the enjoining of good and forbidding of evil."
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُدِيلُ الْأَعْدَاءَ:اَلْمُجَاهَرَةُ بِالظُّلْمِ،وَ إِعْلاَنُ الْفُجُورِ،وَ إِبَاحَةُ الْمَحْظُورِ،وَ عِصْيَانُ الْأَخْيَارِ، وَ الاِتِّبَاعُ لِلْأَشْرَارِ.
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُعَجِّلُ الْفَنَاءَ:قَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ،وَ الْيَمِينُ الْفَاجِرَةُ،وَ الْأَقْوَالُ الْكَاذِبَةُ،وَ الزِّنَى،وَ سَدُّ طُرُقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ،وَ ادِّعَاءُ الْإِمَامَةِ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ.
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تَقْطَعُ الرَّجَاءَ:اَلْيَأْسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ،وَ الْقُنُوطُ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ،وَ الثِّقَةُ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ،وَ التَّكْذِيبُ بِوَعْدِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُظْلِمُ الْهَوَاءَ:اَلسِّحْرُ،وَ الْكِهَانَةُ،وَ الْإِيمَانُ بِالنُّجُومِ،وَ التَّكْذِيبُ بِالْقَدَرِ،وَ عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ.
"The sins which empower enemies are: openly committing injustice, publicly displaying immorality, permitting forbidden acts, disobeying the righteous, and following the wicked.
The sins which hasten destruction are: severing ties of kinship, false oaths, lying speech, adultery, blocking the paths of Muslims, and falsely claiming leadership (Imamah).
The sins which cut off hope are: despair of Allah's relief, hopelessness in Allah's mercy, reliance upon other than Allah, and denying the promise of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic.
The sins which darken the air (environment) are: magic, sorcery, belief in astrology, denial of divine decree (Qadar), and mistreatment of parents."
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تَكْشِفُ الْغِطَاءَ:اَلاِسْتِدَانَةُ بِغَيْرِ نِيَّةِ الْأَدَاءِ،وَ الْإِسْرَافُ فِي النَّفَقَةِ عَلَى الْبَاطِلِ،وَ الْبُخْلُ عَلَى الْأَهْلِ وَ الْوَلَدِ وَ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ،وَ سُوءُ الْخُلُقِ،وَ قِلَّةُ الصَّبْرِ،وَ اسْتِعْمَالُ الضَّجَرَ وَ الْكَسَلِ،وَ الاِسْتِهَانَةُ بِأَهْلِ الدِّينِ.
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تَرُدُّ الدُّعَاءَ:سُوءُ الْأُمْنِيَّةِ [2]،وَ خُبْثُ السَّرِيرَةِ،وَ النِّفَاقُ مَعَ الْإِخْوَانِ،وَ تَرْكُ التَّصْدِيقِ بِالْإِجَابَةِ، وَ تَأْخِيرُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْمَفْرُوضَاتِ حَتَّى تَذْهَبَ أَوْقَاتُهَا،وَ تَرْكُ التَّقَرُّبِ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِالْبِرِّ وَ الصَّدَقَةِ،وَ اسْتِعْمَالُ الْبَذَاءِ وَ الْفُحْشِ فِي الْقَوْلِ.
وَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تَحْبِسُ غَيْثَ السَّمَاءِ:جَوْرُ الْحُكَّامِ فِي الْقَضَاءِ،وَ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ،وَ كِتْمَانُ الشَّهَادَةِ،وَ مَنْعُ الزَّكَاةِ وَ الْقَرْضِ وَ الْمَاعُونِ،وَ قَسَاوَةُ الْقُلُوبِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْفَقْرِ وَ الْفَاقَةِ،وَ
ظُلْمُ الْيَتِيمِ وَ الْأَرْمَلَةِ،وَ انْتِهَارُ السَّائِلِ وَ رَدُّهُ بِاللَّيْلِ».
"The sins which remove the cover (expose one's faults) are: borrowing without the intention of repayment, extravagant spending on falsehood, stinginess toward one's family, children, and relatives, bad character, lack of patience, excessive complaining and laziness, and disrespecting religious people.
The sins which reject supplication are: harboring evil intentions, wickedness of heart, hypocrisy with brothers, lacking trust in Allah's response, delaying obligatory prayers until their times pass, abandoning acts of kindness and charity for Allah's sake, and using obscene and foul language.
The sins which withhold rainfall from the sky are: injustice by rulers in judgment, bearing false witness, concealing testimony, withholding zakat, refusing loans and assistance, hardness of heart toward the poor and needy, oppressing orphans and widows, and harshly rebuking beggars and turning them away at night."