S 2 A 209

عِنْدَ غَلَبَةِ الْجُنُونِ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى وَطْئِهَا،فَأَحْبَلَهَا.فَلَمَّا اقْتَرَبَ وَضْعُهَا جَاءَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ،فَأَخْطَرَ بِبَالِهِ أَنَّهَا تَلِدُ وَ تُعْرَفُ بِالزِّنَا بِهَا فَتُقْتَلُ،فَاقْتُلْهَا وَ ادْفِنْهَا تَحْتَ مُصَلاَّكَ.فَقَتَلَهَا وَ دَفَنَهَا،وَ طَلَبَهَا أَهْلُهَا،فَقَالَ:زَادَ بِهَا جُنُونُهَا فَمَاتَتْ.فَاتَّهَمُوهُ وَ حَفَرُوا تَحْتَ مُصَلاَّهُ،فَوَجَدُوهَا مَقْتُولَةً مَدْفُونَةً حُبْلَى مُقْرِبَةً.فَأَخَذُوهُ وَ انْضَافَ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْخَطِيئَةِ دَعَاوِي الْقَوْمِ الْكَثِيرَةُ الَّذِينَ جَحَدَهُمْ،فَقَوِيَتْ عَلَيْهِ التُّهَمَةُ،وَ ضُويِقَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّرِيقُ فَاعْتَرَفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالْخَطِيئَةِ بِالزِّنَا بِهَا،وَ قَتْلِهَا، فَمُلِئَ بَطْنُهُ وَ ظَهْرُهُ سِيَاطاً،وَ صُلِبَ عَلَى شَجَرَةٍ.

فَجَاءَهُ بَعْضُ شَيَاطِينِ الْإِنْسِ وَ قَالَ لَهُ:مَا الَّذِي أَغْنَى عَنْكَ عِبَادَةُ مَنْ كُنْتَ تَعْبُدُهُ،وَ مُوَالاَةُ مَنْ كُنْتَ تُوَالِيهِ،مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ الطَّيِّبِينَ مِنْ آلِهِمَا الَّذِينَ زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ فِي الشَّدَائِدِ أَنْصَارُكَ،وَ فِي الْمُلِمَّاتِ أَعْوَانُكَ،وَ ذَهَبَ مَا كُنْتَ تَأْمُلُ هَبَاءً مَنْثُوراً،وَ انْكَشَفَتْ أَحَادِيثُهُمْ لَكَ،وَ إِطْمَاعُهُمْ إِيَّاكَ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْغُرُورِ،وَ أَبْطَلِ الْأَبَاطِيلِ،وَ أَنَا الْإِمَامُ الَّذِي كُنْتَ تَدَّعِي إِلَيْهِ،وَ صَاحِبُ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي كُنْتَ تَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ،وَ قَدْ كُنْتَ بِاعْتِقَادِ إِمَامَةِ غَيْرِي مِنْ قَبْلُ مَغْرُوراً،فَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ أُخَلِّصَكَ مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ،وَ أَذْهَبَ بِكَ إِلَى بِلاَدٍ نَازِحَةٍ،وَ أَجْعَلَكَ هُنَاكَ رَئِيساً سَيِّداً،فَاسْجُدْ لِي عَلَى خَشَبَتِكَ هَذِهِ سَجْدَةَ مُعْتَرِفٍ بِأَنِّي أَنَا الْمَلِكُ لِإِنْقَاذِكَ،لِأُنْقِذَكَ.فَغَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّقَاءُ وَ الْخِذْلاَنُ،وَ اعْتَقَدَ قَوْلَهُ وَ سَجَدَ لَهُ،ثُمَّ قَالَ:

أَنْقِذْنِي.فَقَالَ لَهُ:إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْكَ،إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ.وَ جَعَلَ يَسْخَرُ وَ يَطْنُزُ [1] بِهِ،وَ تَحَيَّرَ الْمَصْلُوبُ، وَ اضْطَرَبَ عَلَيْهِ اعْتِقَادُهُ،وَ مَاتَ بِأَسْوَإِ عَاقِبَةٍ،فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي أَدَّاهُ إِلَى هَذَا الْخِذْلاَنِ».

English translation: When her madness overpowered her, he had intercourse with her and impregnated her. When the time of her delivery approached, Satan came to him and cast into his mind that she would give birth and be recognized as having been fornicated with, and thus she would be killed. “So kill her and bury her under your prayer-place.” He killed her and buried her. Her family searched for her, and he said, “Her madness increased and she died.” They suspected him and dug under his prayer-place and found her murdered, buried, pregnant and near term. They seized him, and to this sin were added the many claims of the people whom he had previously denied, so the accusation against him grew stronger, his way out was constricted, and he confessed his sin—of fornicating with her and killing her. His belly and back were filled with lashes, and he was crucified on a tree.

Then one of the human devils came to him and said, “Of what benefit to you was the worship of the One you worshiped, and the allegiance to those you befriended—Muhammad and Ali and the pure ones from their family—those who claimed they are your helpers in hardships and your supporters in calamities? What you were hoping for has vanished like scattered dust. Their reports have been exposed to you, and the hopes they kindled in you are among the greatest deceptions and the most futile falsehoods. I am the Imam to whom you used to call, the possessor of the truth to whom you used to guide. You were deluded before by believing in the Imamate of other than me. If you want me to rescue you from these people and take you to a distant land and make you there a chief and leader, then prostrate to me upon this timber of yours—a prostration acknowledging that I am the sovereign who can save you—so that I may save you.” Wretchedness and abandonment overcame him; he believed his words and prostrated to him, then said, “Save me.” He replied, “I am surely quit of you; I surely fear Allah, the Lord of the worlds.” And he began to mock and deride him. The crucified man was confounded; his belief was shaken, and he died with the worst of outcomes. That is what led him to this abandonment.

[1] أي يستهزئ.

[1] ay yastahzi’u.

99-3- (مَكَارِمُ الْأَخْلاَقِ):عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ-فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ-قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «يَا ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ،إِذَا قِيلَ لَكَ:اِتَّقِ اللَّهَ فَلاَ تَغْضَبْ،فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: وَ إِذٰا قِيلَ لَهُ اتَّقِ اللّٰهَ أَخَذَتْهُ الْعِزَّةُ بِالْإِثْمِ فَحَسْبُهُ جَهَنَّمُ ».

99-3- (Makarim al-Akhlaq): From ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud—in a long narration—he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: “O Ibn Mas‘ud, when it is said to you, ‘Fear Allah,’ do not get angry; for He says: ‘And when it is said to him, Fear Allah, pride in sin takes hold of him; so hell is sufficient for him’ (al-Baqarah 2:206).”

Shakir’s translation of the quoted verse (2:206): And when it is said to him, guard (against) (the punishment of) Allah; pride carries him off to sin; therefore hell is sufficient for him; and certainly it is an evil resting place.

قوله تعالى:

فَإِنْ زَلَلْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا جٰاءَتْكُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللّٰهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ [209]

Qur’an (al-Baqarah 2:209)

Shakir: But if you slip after clear arguments have come to you, then know that Allah is Mighty, Wise.

99-1- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)):-فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ-قَالَ: « فَإِنْ زَلَلْتُمْ عَنِ السِّلْمِ وَ الْإِسْلاَمِ الَّذِي تَمَامُهُ بِاعْتِقَادِ وَلاَيَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ لاَ يَنْفَعُ الْإِقْرَارُ بِالنُّبُوَّةِ مَعَ جَحْدِ إِمَامَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،كَمَا لاَ يَنْفَعُ الْإِقْرَارُ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ مَعَ جَحْدِ النُّبُوَّةِ،إِنْ زَلَلْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا جٰاءَتْكُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَ فَضِيلَتِهِ،وَ أَتَتْكُمُ الدَّلاَلاَتُ الْوَاضِحَاتُ الْبَاهِرَاتُ عَلَى أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الدَّالَّ عَلَى إِمَامَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)نَبِيُّ صِدْقٍ،وَ دِينَهُ دِينُ حَقٍّ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللّٰهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ قَادِرٌ عَلَى مُعَاقَبَةِ الْمُخَالِفِينَ لِدِينِهِ وَ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ لِنَبِيِّهِ،لاَ يَقْدِرُ أَحَدٌ عَلَى صَرْفِ انْتِقَامِهِ مِنْ مُخَالِفِيهِ،وَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى إِثَابَةِ الْمُوَافِقِينَ لِدِينِهِ وَ الْمُصَدِّقِينَ لِنَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لاَ يَقْدِرُ أَحَدٌ عَلَى صَرْفِ ثَوَابِهِ عَنْ مُطِيعِيهِ،حَكِيمٌ فِيمَا يَفْعَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ،غَيْرُ مُسْرِفٍ عَلَى مَنْ أَطَاعَهُ وَ إِنْ أَكْثَرَ لَهُ الْخَيْرَاتِ، وَ لاَ وَاضِعٌ لَهَا فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِهَا وَ إِنْ أَتَمَّ لَهُ الْكَرَامَاتِ،وَ لاَ ظَالِمٌ لِمَنْ عَصَاهُ وَ إِنْ شُدِّدَ عَلَيْهِ الْعُقُوبَاتُ.

99-1- (al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari, peace be upon him): In a long narration, he said: “So if you slip from peace and Islam—whose perfection is by believing in the guardianship of Ali (peace be upon him)—then confession to prophethood does not avail when the Imamate of Ali (peace be upon him) is denied, just as confession to Divine Unity does not avail when prophethood is denied. If you slip after clear proofs have come to you from the words of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and his virtue, and manifest, dazzling indications have come to you that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)—who pointed to the Imamate of Ali (peace be upon him)—is a truthful Prophet and that his religion is a religion of truth, then know that Allah is Mighty, Wise, able to punish those who oppose His religion and belie His Prophet; none can avert His vengeance from those who oppose Him. And He is able to reward those who conform to His religion and believe His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family); none can turn away His reward from those who obey Him. He is Wise in what He does in that regard—neither excessive toward those who obey Him, even if He multiplies for them the good things, nor placing them where they do not belong, even if He perfects honors for them, nor unjust toward those who disobey Him, even if He intensifies punishments upon them.”

قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):وَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَ غَيْرِهَا احْتَجَّ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَوْمَ الشُّورَى عَلَى مَنْ دَافَعَهُ عَنْ حَقِّهِ،وَ أَخَّرَهُ عَنْ رُتْبَتِهِ،وَ إِنْ كَانَ مَا ضَرَّ الدَّافِعُ إِلاَّ نَفْسَهُ،فَإِنَّ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)كَالْكَعْبَةِ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِاسْتِقْبَالِهَا لِلصَّلاَةِ، جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ بِهِ فِي أُمُورِ الدِّينِ وَ الدُّنْيَا،كَمَا لاَ يَنْقُصُ الْكَعْبَةُ،وَ لاَ يَقْدَحُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ شَرَفِهَا وَ فَضْلِهَا إِنْ وَلَّى عَنْهَا الْكَافِرُونَ،فَكَذَلِكَ لاَ يَقْدَحُ فِي عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِنْ أَخَّرَهُ عَنْ حَقِّهِ الْمُقَصِّرُونَ،وَ دَافَعَهُ عَنْ وَاجِبِهِ الظَّالِمُونَ.

English translation: Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon them) said: “By this verse and others like it, Ali (peace be upon him) argued on the day of the shura against those who pushed him from his right and delayed him from his rank, even though the one who pushed harmed none but himself. For Ali (peace be upon him) is like the Ka‘bah, which Allah commanded to be faced in prayer—Allah made him to be followed in the affairs of religion and the world. Just as the Ka‘bah is not diminished, nor is anything of its honor and merit impaired if the disbelievers turn away from it, so too nothing is impaired in Ali (peace be upon him) if the negligent delay him from his right and the unjust contend with him over his obligation.”

قَالَ لَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَوْمَ الشُّورَى فِي بَعْضِ مَقَالِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَعْذَرَ وَ أَنْذَرَ،وَ بَالَغَ وَ أَوْضَحَ:مَعَاشِرَ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ الْعُقَلاَءِ،أَ لَمْ يَنْهَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ أَنْ تَجْعَلُوا لَهُ أَنْدَاداً مِمَّنْ لاَ يَعْقِلُ وَ لاَ يَسْمَعُ وَ لاَ يُبْصِرُ وَ لاَ يَفْهَمُ؟أَ وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِدِينِكُمْ وَ دُنْيَاكُمْ قَوَّاماً؟أَ وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ إِلَيَّ مَفْزَعَكُمْ؟أَ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ لَكُمْ:عَلِيٌّ مَعَ الْحَقِّ وَ الْحَقُّ مَعَهُ؟أَ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ:أَنَا مَدِينَةُ الْعِلْمِ وَ عَلِيٌّ بَابُهَا؟أَ وَ لاَ تَرَوْنِي غَنِيّاً عَنْ عُلُومِكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ إِلَى عِلْمِي مُحْتَاجُونَ؟أَ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْعُلَمَاءَ بِاتِّبَاعِ مَنْ لاَ يَعْلَمُ،أَمْ مَنْ لاَ يَعْلَمُ بِاتِّبَاعِ مَنْ يَعْلَمُ؟ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ،لِمَ تَنْقُضُونَ تَرْتِيبَ الْأَلْبَابِ،لِمَ تُؤَخِّرُونَ مَنْ قَدَّمَهُ الْكَرِيمُ الْوَهَّابُ؟أَ وَ لَيْسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَجَابَنِي إِلَى مَا رَدَّ عَنْهُ أَفْضَلَكُمْ؛فَاطِمَةَ لَمَّا خَطَبَهَا؟أَ وَ لَيْسَ قَدْ جَعَلَنِي أَحَبَّ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ لَمَّا أَطْعَمَنِي مَعَهُ مِنَ الطَّائِرِ؟أَ وَ لَيْسَ جَعَلَنِي أَقْرَبَ الْخَلْقِ شَبَهاً بِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيِّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)؟أَ فَأَقْرَبَ النَّاسِ بِهِ شَبَهاً تُؤَخِّرُونَ،وَ أَبْعَدَ النَّاسِ بِهِ شَبَهاً تُقَدِّمُونَ،مَا لَكُمْ لاَ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ وَ لاَ تَعْقِلُونَ»؟! قَالَ:«فَمَا زَالَ يَحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا وَ نَحْوِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ هُمْ لاَ يَغْفُلُونَ عَمَّا دَبَّرُوهُ،وَ لاَ يَرْضَوْنَ إِلاَّ بِمَا آثَرُوهُ»!

English translation: Ali (peace be upon him) said to them on the day of the shura, in part of his address after he had excused and warned, emphasized and clarified: “Company of loyal, intelligent men! Did not Allah, Exalted, forbid you to set up for Him equals from those who do not reason, do not hear, do not see, and do not understand? Did not the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) appoint me as the one who manages your religious and worldly affairs? Did he not make me your refuge? Did he not say to you: ‘Ali is with the truth and the truth is with him’? Did he not say: ‘I am the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate’? Do you not see me independent of your knowledge while you are in need of my knowledge? Did Allah, Exalted, command the learned to follow one who does not know, or the one who does not know to follow the one who knows? O people, why do you overturn the order of sound minds? Why do you put back the one whom the Generous Bestower has put forward? Did not the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) answer me in what he refused to your most virtuous—Fatimah—when I asked for her hand? Did he not make me the most beloved of Allah’s creation to Allah when He fed me with him from the bird? Did he not make me the closest of creation in resemblance to Muhammad, His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)? Do you then delay the one most resembling him, and advance the one least resembling him? What is the matter with you that you do not reflect and do not reason?!” He said: “He continued to argue with them by this and the like of it, while they were not heedless of what they had contrived, and were not satisfied except with what they themselves preferred.”

_3) -مكارم الأخلاق:452.

_3) -Makarim al-Akhlaq: 452.

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):366/627.

_1) -al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari (alayhi al-salam): 366/627.

قوله تعالى:

كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتٰالُ [216]

Qur’an (al-Baqarah 2:216)

Shakir: Fighting is enjoined on you, and it is an object of dislike to you; and it may be that you dislike a thing while it is good for you, and it may be that you love a thing while it is evil for you; and Allah knows, while you do not know.

99-1- (دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلاَمِ):عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْجِهَادُ فَرْضٌ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى:

كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتٰالُ فَإِنْ قَامَتْ بِالْجِهَادِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَسِعَ سَائِرَهُمُ التَّخَلُّفُ عَنْهُ مَا لَمْ يَحْتَجِ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَ الْجِهَادَ إِلَى الْمَدَدِ،فَإِنِ احْتَاجُوا لَزِمَ الْجَمِيعَ أَنْ يُمِدُّوهُمْ حَتَّى يَكْتَفُوا،قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ مٰا كٰانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لِيَنْفِرُوا كَافَّةً [1]فَإِنْ دَهَمَ أَمْرٌ يُحْتَاجُ فِيهِ إِلَى جَمَاعَتِهِمْ نَفَرُوا كُلُّهُمْ،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:

99-1- (Da‘a’im al-Islam): From Ali (peace be upon him), that he said: “Jihad is an obligation upon all Muslims, by the saying of Allah, Exalted: ‘Fighting is enjoined on you’ (al-Baqarah 2:216). If a group from among the Muslims undertakes the jihad, it is permissible for the rest to remain back from it so long as those who are engaged in jihad do not need reinforcement. If they need it, then it is obligatory upon everyone to support them until they are sufficient. Allah, Exalted, said: ‘And the believers should not go forth all together’ (al-Tawbah 9:122). If an affair suddenly arises in which their collective presence is needed, then all of them should go forth. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said [continuation implied].”

Shakir’s translation of the quoted verse (9:122): And the believers should not go forth all together; why should not then a company from every party of them go forth that they may obtain understanding in religion, and that they may warn their people when they return to them, so that they may beware?

_1) -دعائم الإسلام 1:341.

_1) -Da‘a’im al-Islam 1:341.