S 2 A 89

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لَمَّا زَلَّتِ الْخَطِيئَةُ مِنْ آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ أُخْرِجَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ عُوتِبَ وَ وُبِّخَ،قَالَ:يَا رَبِّ،إِنْ تُبْتُ وَ أَصْلَحْتُ،أَ تَرُدُّنِي إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ؟قَالَ:بَلَى.قَالَ آدَمُ:فَكَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ-يَا رَبِّ-حَتَّى أَكُونَ تَائِباً وَ تَقْبَلَ تَوْبَتِي؟ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:تُسَبِّحُنِي بِمَا أَنَا أَهْلُهُ،وَ تَعْتَرِفُ بِخَطِيئَتِكَ كَمَا أَنْتَ أَهْلُهُ،وَ تَتَوَسَّلُ إِلَيَّ بِالْفَاضِلِينَ الَّذِينَ عَلَّمْتُكَ أَسْمَاءَهُمْ،وَ فَضَّلْتُكَ بِهِمْ عَلَى مَلاَئِكَتِي،وَ هُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ آلُهُ الطَّيِّبُونَ،وَ أَصْحَابُهُ الْخَيِّرُونَ.

فَوَفَّقَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى،فَقَالَ:يَا رَبِّ،لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ،عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي،فَارْحَمْنِي وَ أَنْتَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ،بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ وَ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ الْمُنْتَجَبِينَ،سُبْحَانَكَ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ، عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي،فَتُبْ عَلَيَّ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ،بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ وَ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ الْمُنْتَجَبِينَ.

فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى:لَقَدْ قَبِلْتُ تَوْبَتَكَ،وَ آيَةُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ [1] أُنَقِّيَ بَشَرَتَكَ فَقَدْ تَغَيَّرَتْ-وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ لِثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ-فَصُمْ هَذِهِ الثَّلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ الَّتِي تَسْتَقْبِلُكَ،فَهِيَ أَيَّامُ الْبِيضِ،يُنَقِّي اللَّهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بَعْضَ بَشَرَتِكَ؛فَصَامَهَا فَنُقِّيَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْهَا ثُلُثُ بَشَرَتِهِ.فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ آدَمُ:يَا رَبِّ،مَا أَعْظَمَ شَأْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ وَ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ؟! فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ:يَا آدَمُ،إِنَّكَ لَوْ عَرَفْتَ كُنْهَ جَلاَلِ مُحَمَّدٍ عِنْدِي وَ آلِهِ وَ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ،لَأَحْبَبْتَهُ حُبّاً يَكُونُ أَفْضَلَ أَعْمَالِكَ؛قَالَ:يَا رَبِّ،عَرِّفْنِي لِأَعْرِفَ.

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى:يَا آدَمُ،إِنَّ مُحَمَّداً لَوْ وُزِنَ بِهِ جَمِيعُ الْخَلْقِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ وَ سَائِرِ عِبَادِيَ الصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ الدَّهْرِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ وَ مِنَ الثَّرَى إِلَى الْعَرْشِ لَرَجَحَ بِهِ،وَ إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ خِيَارِ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ لَوْ وُزِنَ بِهِ جَمِيعُ آلِ النَّبِيِّينَ لَرَجَحَ بِهِمْ،وَ إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ خِيَارِ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ لَوْ وُزِنَ بِهِ جَمِيعُ أَصْحَابِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ لَرَجَحَ بِهِمْ.

يَا آدَمُ،لَوْ أَحَبَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ أَوْ جَمِيعُهُمْ رَجُلاً مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ الْخَيِّرِينَ لَكَافَأَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنْ يَخْتِمَ لَهُ بِالتَّوْبَةِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ،ثُمَّ يُدْخِلُهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيُفِيضُ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ مُحِبِّي مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ مَا لَوْ قُسِمَتْ عَلَى عَدَدٍ كَعَدَدِ كُلِّ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ أَوَّلِ الدَّهْرِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ-وَ إِنْ كَانُوا كُفَّاراً-لَكَفَاهُمْ، وَ لَأَدَّاهُمْ إِلَى عَاقِبَةٍ مَحْمُودَةٍ:اَلْإِيمَانِ بِاللَّهِ حَتَّى يَسْتَحِقُّوا بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ،وَ إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِمَّنْ يُبْغِضُ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ أَصْحَابَهُ الْخَيِّرِينَ أَوْ وَاحِداً مِنْهُمْ لَعَذَّبَهُ اللَّهُ عَذَاباً لَوْ قُسِمَ عَلَى مِثْلِ عَدَدِ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ لَأَهْلَكَهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ».

English translation:

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: When Adam’s slip occurred and he was expelled from Paradise, reproached and rebuked, he said: My Lord, if I repent and set things right, will You return me to Paradise? He said: Yes. Adam said: Then how shall I act, my Lord, so that I may be truly repentant and You accept my repentance? Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: Glorify Me as I deserve to be glorified, acknowledge your sin as you deserve to do, and seek nearness to Me by the elect ones whose names I taught you and by whom I gave you precedence over My angels; they are Muhammad and his pure family, and his righteous companions.

So Allah, Exalted, granted him success, and he said: My Lord, there is no god but You. Glory be to You and with Your praise. I have done evil and wronged myself, so have mercy on me, for You are the Most Merciful of the merciful—by the right of Muhammad and his pure family and his chosen, exemplary companions. Glory be to You and with Your praise; there is no god but You. I have done evil and wronged myself, so turn to me in mercy; surely You are the Oft-Returning, the Merciful—by the right of Muhammad and his pure family and his chosen, exemplary companions.

Allah, Exalted, said: I have accepted your repentance, and the sign of that is that I will purify your skin, for it has changed—this was on the thirteenth of Ramadan—so fast these three days that are coming to you; they are the white days. Allah will purify part of your skin each day. He fasted them, and each day a third of his skin was purified. Thereupon Adam said: My Lord, how great is the station of Muhammad and his family and his excellent companions! Allah revealed to him: O Adam, if you knew the full reality of Muhammad’s majesty with Me, and of his family and his excellent companions, you would love him with a love that would be the best of your deeds. He said: My Lord, acquaint me so that I may know.

Allah, Exalted, said: O Adam, if Muhammad were weighed against all creation—the prophets and messengers, the angels brought near, and the rest of My righteous servants—from the beginning of time to its end and from the dust to the Throne, he would outweigh them. And indeed, if one man from the elect of the family of Muhammad were weighed against all the families of the prophets, he would outweigh them. And if one man from the elect companions of Muhammad were weighed against all the companions of the messengers, he would outweigh them.

O Adam, if a man among the unbelievers—or all of them—were to love one man from the family of Muhammad and his righteous companions, Allah would recompense him by sealing his fate with repentance and faith, then Allah would admit him into Paradise. Truly, Allah pours upon each one of the lovers of Muhammad, the family of Muhammad, and his companions such mercy that, were it distributed among a number equal to that of everything Allah has created from the beginning of time to its end—even if they were unbelievers—it would suffice them and bring them to a praiseworthy end: faith in Allah, by which they would deserve Paradise. And surely, a man who hates the family of Muhammad and his righteous companions—or one of them—Allah would punish with a chastisement that, were it divided among a number like that of what Allah has created, it would destroy them all.

[1] في المصدر:أني.

fi al-masdar: anni.

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ كِتٰابٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللّٰهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمٰا مَعَهُمْ وَ كٰانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ مٰا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ عَلَى الْكٰافِرِينَ[89]

Qur’an 2:89 (al-Baqarah)

M. H. Shakir: And when there came to them a Book from Allah verifying that which they have, and before that they used to pray for victory against those who disbelieve; but when there came to them that which they recognized, they disbelieved in it; so Allah’s curse is on the unbelievers.

99-/550 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «ذَمَّ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ،فَقَالَ: وَ لَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ يَعْنِي هَؤُلاَءِ الْيَهُودَ الَّذِينَ تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُمْ،وَ إِخْوَانُهُمْ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ،جَاءَهُمْ كِتٰابٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللّٰهِ الْقُرْآنُ مُصَدِّقٌ ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لِمٰا مَعَهُمْ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ الَّتِي بُيِّنَ فِيهَا أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً الْأُمِّيَّ مِنْ وُلْدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،الْمُؤَيَّدَ بِخَيْرِ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بَعْدَهُ:عَلِيٍّ وَلِيِّ اللَّهِ وَ كٰانُوا يَعْنِي هَؤُلاَءِ الْيَهُودَ مِنْ قَبْلُ ظُهُورِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِالرِّسَالَةِ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ يَسْأَلُونَ اللَّهَ الْفَتْحَ وَ الظَّفَرَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِمْ وَ الْمُنَاوِئِينَ لَهُمْ،وَ كَانَ اللَّهُ يَفْتَحُ لَهُمْ وَ يَنْصُرُهُمْ.

قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَلَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ جَاءَ هَؤُلاَءِ الْيَهُودَ مٰا عَرَفُوا مِنْ نَعْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ صِفَتِهِ كَفَرُوا بِهِ جَحَدُوا نُبُوَّتَهُ حَسَداً لَهُ،وَ بَغْياً عَلَيْهِ،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَلَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ عَلَى الْكٰافِرِينَ .

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَخْبَرَ رَسُولَهُ بِمَا كَانَ مِنْ إِيمَانِ الْيَهُودِ بِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)قَبْلَ ظُهُورِهِ،وَ مِنِ اسْتِفْتَاحِهِمْ عَلَى أَعْدَائِهِمْ بِذِكْرِهِ،وَ الصَّلاَةِ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى آلِهِ».

قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«وَ كَانَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَمَرَ الْيَهُودَ فِي أَيَّامِ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ بَعْدَهُ إِذَا دَهَمَهُمْ أَمْرٌ،أَوْ دَهَتْهُمْ دَاهِيَةٌ أَنْ يَدْعُوَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ،وَ أَنْ يَسْتَنْصِرُوا بِهِمْ،وَ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ قَبْلَ ظُهُورِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِسِنِينَ كَثِيرَةٍ يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ،فَيَكُفُّونَ الْبَلاَءَ وَ الدَّهْمَاءَ وَ الدَّاهِيَةَ.

وَ كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ قَبْلَ ظُهُورِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بِعَشْرِ سِنِينَ تُعَادِيهِمْ أَسَدٌ وَ غَطَفَانُ-قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ- وَ يَقْصِدُونَ أَذَاهُمْ،فَكَانُوا يَسْتَدْفِعُونَ شُرُورَهُمْ وَ بَلاَءَهُمْ بِسُؤَالِهِمْ رَبَّهُمْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ،حَتَّى قَصَدَهُمْ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَوْقَاتِ أَسَدٌ وَ غَطَفَانُ فِي ثَلاَثَةِ آلاَفِ فَارِسٍ إِلَى بَعْضِ قُرَى الْيَهُودِ حَوَالِيَ الْمَدِينَةِ،فَتَلَقَّاهُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَ هُمْ ثَلاَثُمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ،وَ دَعَوُا اللَّهَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ فَهَزَمُوهُمْ وَ قَطَعُوهُمْ.

فَقَالَتْ أَسَدٌ وَ غَطَفَانُ بَعْضُهُمَا لِبَعْضِهِمْ:تَعَالَوْا نَسْتَعِينُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِسَائِرِ القَبَائِلِ؛فَاسْتَعَانُوا عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْقَبَائِلِ وَ أَكْثَرُوا حَتَّى اجْتَمَعُوا قَدْرَ ثَلاَثِينَ أَلْفاً،وَ قَصَدُوا هَؤُلاَءِ الثَّلاَثَمِائَةٍ فِي قَرْيَتِهِمْ،فَأَلْجَئُوهُمْ إِلَى بُيُوتِهَا،وَ قَطَعُوا عَنْهَا الْمِيَاهَ الْجَارِيَةَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَدْخُلُ إِلَى قُرَاهُمْ،وَ مَنَعُوا عَنْهُمُ الطَّعَامَ،وَ اسْتَأْمَنَ الْيَهُودُ [1] فَلَمْ يَأْمَنُوهُمْ،وَ قَالُوا:لاَ،إِلاَّ أَنْ نَقْتُلَكُمْ وَ نَسْبِيَكُمْ وَ نَنْهَبَكُمْ.

فَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ بَعْضُهَا لِبَعْضٍ:كَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ؟فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَمَاثِلُهُمْ وَ ذَوُو الرَّأْيِ مِنْهُمْ:أَ مَا أَمَرَ مُوسَى أَسْلاَفَكُمْ وَ مَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ بِالاِسْتِنْصَارِ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ؟أَ مَا أَمَرَكُمْ بِالاِبْتِهَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عِنْدَ الشَّدَائِدِ بِهِمْ؟قَالُوا:بَلَى؛قَالُوا:

فَافْعَلُوا.

فَقَالُوا:اَللَّهُمَّ بِجَاهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ لَمَّا سَقَيْتَنَا،فَقَدْ قَطَعَتِ الظَّلَمَةُ عَنَّا الْمِيَاهَ حَتَّى ضَعُفَ شُبَّانُنَا،وَ تَمَاوَتَ

 (99-/550 _1- al-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi al-salām): 268/393–270):

Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: Allah censured the Jews, saying: “And when there came to them”—meaning these Jews previously mentioned and their fellow Jews—“a Book from Allah,” namely the Qur’an, “verifying what they have,” that Book verifying what they possessed of the Torah in which it was clarified that Muhammad the unlettered, from the progeny of Isma‘il, supported by the best of Allah’s creation after him—‘Ali, the friend of Allah—would come. And “they used to,” meaning these Jews before Muhammad’s (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) manifest mission, “pray for victory,” asking Allah for opening and triumph over the disbelievers, their enemies and opponents; and Allah would open for them and grant them victory.

Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “But when there came to them what they recognized”—of Muhammad’s (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) description and attributes—“they disbelieved in it,” denying his prophethood out of envy of him and aggression against him. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “So Allah’s curse is on the unbelievers.”

The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: Allah, Exalted, informed His Messenger of the Jews’ faith in Muhammad (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) before his advent, and of their seeking victory over their enemies by invoking him and sending blessings upon him and his family.

He (peace be upon him) said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, had commanded the Jews in the days of Moses (peace be upon him) and after him that when a grave matter befell them or a calamity struck them, they should call upon Allah, Mighty and Majestic, by Muhammad and his pure family and seek victory by them; and they used to do that until the Jews among the people of Madinah, many years before Muhammad’s (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) appearance, would do so and thus ward off affliction, sweeping adversity, and disasters.

And ten years before Muhammad’s (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) advent, the tribes of Asad and Ghatafan—pagans—were hostile to them and sought to harm them; the Jews would repel their evils and afflictions by asking their Lord through Muhammad and his pure family, until once Asad and Ghatafan set out with three thousand horsemen against some Jewish villages around Madinah. The Jews met them with three hundred horsemen, called upon Allah by Muhammad and his family, routed them, and scattered them.

Asad and Ghatafan then said to each other: Come, let us seek help against them from the other tribes. They rallied the tribes and increased their numbers until they assembled about thirty thousand and set upon those three hundred in their village, forcing them into their houses, cutting off from them the running water that used to enter their villages, and blocking food from them. The Jews sought safe-conduct [1], but they were not granted it; they were told: No—except that we kill you, enslave your women and children, and plunder you.

The Jews said to one another: What shall we do? Their leaders and men of counsel said to them: Did not Moses command your forefathers and those after them to seek help by Muhammad and his pure family? Did he not command you to supplicate Allah, Mighty and Majestic, by them in times of hardship? They said: Indeed. They said: Then do so.

They said: O Allah, by the rank of Muhammad and his pure family, give us to drink, for the oppressors have cut off water from us until our youths have grown weak and our children are near death, and we are on the brink of destruction. So Allah, Exalted, sent them a heavy, pouring, drenching rain [1], which filled their pools, wells, rivers, containers, and vessels. They said: This is one of the two good outcomes. Then they looked from their rooftops at the armies surrounding them and saw the rain had harmed them severely, ruined their goods, weapons, and property; some of them withdrew for that reason, for the rain had come out of season, in the intensity of the summer heat [2], when rain does not fall.

The remaining troops said: Suppose you have been given water; from where will you eat? And even if those withdraw from you, we will not withdraw until we subdue you—yourselves, your dependents, your families, and your property—and satisfy our rage against you.

The Jews said: He who gave us drink by our supplication through Muhammad and his family is able to feed us; and He who turned away those who withdrew is able to turn away the rest.

Then they called upon Allah by Muhammad and his family to feed them. A great caravan of food came—about two thousand camels, mules, and donkeys laden [3] with wheat and flour—unaware of the besieging armies. They reached them while they slept and did not notice them, for Allah, Exalted, made their sleep heavy. The caravan entered the village; they were not prevented; they unloaded [4] their goods and sold them to the Jews, then departed far away, leaving the armies asleep so that not an eye among them was open. When the caravan had gone far, the armies awoke and declared war [5] on the Jews, saying to each other: Quickly, quickly [6]! These people are wracked by hunger and will be humbled before us.

The Jews said to them: Far from it! Rather, our Lord has fed us while you were asleep. Such-and-such an amount of food came to us; had we wanted to fight you [7] while you slept, we could have done so, but we disliked to act unjustly against you. Turn away from us, or we will supplicate against you by Muhammad and his family and seek their aid to disgrace you, just as He has fed and given us drink. But they persisted only in rebellion. So the Jews called upon Allah, Exalted, by Muhammad and his family and sought their aid. Then the three hundred sallied forth against the thirty thousand [8], killed and captured from them, shattered them [9], and secured themselves by taking their captives, so that no harm [10] could come to them from the enemy for fear over those whom they had in the Jews’ hands. When Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) finally appeared, they envied him because he was from the Arabs, so they belied him.

Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: This was Allah’s help for the Jews against the idolaters by their mention of Muhammad and his family. O community of Muhammad, remember Muhammad and his family at your misfortunes and hardships so that Allah may, through him, grant your angels victory over the devils who target you, for with each one of you is an angel on his right recording his good deeds and an angel on his left recording his bad deeds, and with him are two devils from Iblis who lead him astray. If they whisper into his heart and he remembers Allah and says: There is no power nor might except with Allah, the Most High, the Great, and sends blessings upon Muhammad and his pure family, the two devils retreat [1] and go back to Iblis, complaining: He has exhausted us; send us reinforcements [2] from the rebellious ones. Iblis continues to reinforce them until he sends a thousand rebels, and they come to him; whenever they attempt to reach him, he remembers Allah and sends blessings upon Muhammad and his pure family, and they find no path or outlet to him.

They say to Iblis: None but you can deal with him directly with your troops to overcome and misguide him. Then Iblis approaches him with his troops. Allah, Exalted, says to the angels: This is Iblis who has set upon My servant so-and-so (male) or My bondswoman so-and-so (female) with his troops—so fight them! Then opposite each accursed devil among them a hundred thousand angels fight, mounted on horses of fire, in their hands swords of fire, spears of fire, bows [3], arrows [4], knives—all their weapons of fire. They continue to drive them out, kill them with these weapons, and capture Iblis, placing those weapons upon him. He says: My Lord, Your promise, Your promise! You have granted me respite until the day of the appointed time.

Allah, Exalted, says to the angels: I promised him I would not cause him to die, but I did not promise that I would not empower against him the weapons, punishment, and pains. Take your satisfaction from him by striking him with your weapons; I will not kill him. They grievously wound him, then release him; he remains inflamed with grief over himself and his slain offspring, and none of his wounds heal except by hearing the voices of the polytheists in their unbelief.

If this believer remains in obedience to Allah and in His remembrance and sending blessings upon Muhammad and his family, those wounds remain upon Iblis; but if the servant turns away from that and plunges into disobedience and sins, Iblis’s wounds heal; then he grows strong over that servant until he bridles him, saddles his back, and rides him. Then he dismounts and mounts on his back one of his devils and says to his followers: Do you not remember what befell us from the affair of this one? He is now abased and compliant to us so that even this one rides him [5].

Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: If you wish to keep Iblis in constant burning grief [6] and pain from his wounds, then persevere in obedience to Allah, in His remembrance, and in sending blessings upon Muhammad and his family. But if you turn away from that, you will be captives of Iblis, and some of his rebels will ride upon your napes.

[1] سحّ الماء سحّا:سال من فوق.«الصحاح-سحح 1:373».

sahha al-mā’u sahhan: sāla min fawq. “al-Sihah – sahh 1:373”.

[2] حمارّة القيظ:شدّة حرّه.«مجمع البحرين-حمر-3:276».

hammārrat al-qayz: shiddat harr-ih. “Majma‘ al-Bahrayn – hamr – 3:276”.

[3] الوقر:الحمل.«الصحاح-وقر-2:848».

al-waqr: al-haml. “al-Sihah – waqr – 2:848”.

[4] في المصدر زيادة:فيها.

fi al-masdar ziyādah: fīhā.

[5] نابذه الحرب:كاشفه.«الصحاح-نبذ-2:571».

nābazahu al-harb: kāshafahu. “al-Sihah – nabadh – 2:571”.

[6] الوحى:السرعة،و يقال الوحى الوحى،يعني البدار البدار.«الصحاح-وحى-6:2520».

al-wahī: al-sur‘ah; yuqāl: al-wahī al-wahī, ya‘nī al-bidār al-bidār. “al-Sihah – wahy – 6:2520”.

[7] في«ط»نسخة بدل:قتلكم.

fī “T” nuskha badal: qatl-i-kum.

[8] في المصدر:إلى النّاس للقاء.

fi al-masdar: ilā al-nās lil-liqā’.

[9] طحطحت الشيء:كسّرته و فرقته..«الصحاح-طحح-1:386».

tahthahhtu al-shay’: kassartahu wa farraqtahu. “al-Sihah – tahh – 1:386”.

[10] في المصدر:فكانوا لا ينداهم.

fi al-masdar: fakānū lā yandāhum.

[1] خنس:تأخر.«الصحاح-خنس-3:925».

khans: ta’akhkhar. “al-Sihah – kh-n-s – 3:925”.

[2] في«س»:فأيدنا.

fī “S”: fa-ayyadnā.

[3] القسي:جمع قوس.«الصحاح-قوس-3:967».

al-qusī: jam‘ qaws. “al-Sihah – qaws – 3:967”.

[4] النشاشيب:السهام.«أساس البلاغة:456».

al-nashāshīb: al-sihām. “Asās al-Balāghah: 456”.

[5] في«ط»:نركبه.

fī “T”: narkabuhu.

[6] في المصدر:سخنة.

fi al-masdar: sakhinah.

99-/551 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ،عَنْ زُرْعَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:

وَ كٰانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ مٰا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ .

قَالَ:«كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ تَجِدُ فِي كُتُبِهَا أَنَّ مُهَاجَرَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مَا بَيْنَ عَيْرٍ [1] وَ أُحُدٍ،فَخَرَجُوا يَطْلُبُونَ الْمَوْضِعَ،فَمَرُّوا بِجَبَلٍ يُسَمَّى حَدَداً،فَقَالُوا:حَدَدٌ وَ أُحُدٌ [2] سَوَاءٌ؛فَتَفَرَّقُوا عِنْدَهُ فَنَزَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِتَيْمَاءَ [3]،وَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِفَدَكَ،وَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِخَيْبَرَ،فَاشْتَاقَ الَّذِينَ بِتَيْمَاءَ إِلَى بَعْضِ إِخْوَانِهِمْ،فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ أَعْرَابِيٌّ مِنْ قَيْسٍ فَتَكَارَوْا [4] مِنْهُ،وَ قَالَ لَهُمْ:أَمُرُّ بِكُمْ مَا بَيْنَ عَيْرٍ وَ أُحُدٍ؟فَقَالُوا لَهُ:إِذَا مَرَرْتَ بِهِمَا فَآذِنَّا [5] بِهِمَا.فَلَمَّا تَوَسَّطَ بِهِمْ أَرْضَ الْمَدِينَةِ،قَالَ لَهُمْ:ذَاكَ عَيْرٌ،وَ هَذَا أُحُدٌ؛فَنَزَلُوا عَنْ ظَهْرِ إِبِلِهِ،وَ قَالُوا:قَدْ أَصَبْنَا بُغْيَتَنَا فَلاَ حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِي إِبِلِكَ،فَاذْهَبْ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ.

فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى إِخْوَانِهِمُ الَّذِينَ بِفَدَكَ وَ خَيْبَرَ:أَنَّا قَدْ أَصَبْنَا الْمَوْضِعَ فَهَلُمُّوا إِلَيْنَا.فَكَتَبُوا إِلَيْهِمْ:أَنَّا قَدِ اسْتَقَرَّتْ بِنَا الدَّارُ وَ اتَّخَذْنَا الْأَمْوَالَ وَ مَا أَقْرَبَنَا مِنْكُمْ،فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَمَا أَسْرَعَنَا إِلَيْكُمْ!فَاتَّخَذُوا بِأَرْضِ الْمَدِينَةِ الْأَمْوَالَ،فَلَمَّا كَثُرَتْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ بَلَغَ تُبَّعَ [6] فَغَزَاهُمْ،فَتَحَصَّنُوا مِنْهُ فَحَاصَرَهُمْ،وَ كَانُوا يَرِقُّونَ لِضُعَفَاءِ أَصْحَابِ تُبَّعٍ،فَيُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِاللَّيْلِ التَّمْرَ وَ الشَّعِيرَ،فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ تُبَّعَ فَرَقَّ لَهُمْ وَ آمَنَهُمْ فَنَزَلُوا إِلَيْهِ،فَقَالَ لَهُمْ:إِنِّي قَدِ اسْتَطَبْتُ بِلاَدَكُمْ،وَ لاَ أَرَانِي إِلاَّ مُقِيماً فِيكُمْ.

فَقَالُوا:إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ ذَاكَ لَكَ،إِنَّهَا مُهَاجَرُ نَبِيٍّ،وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لِأَحَدٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ.

فَقَالَ لَهُمْ:إِنِّي مُخَلِّفٌ فِيكُمْ مِنْ أُسْرَتِي مَنْ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ يُسَاعِدُهُ وَ يَنْصُرُهُ [7]؛فَخَلَّفَ حَيَّيْنِ:اَلْأَوْسَ، وَ الْخَزْرَجَ.فَلَمَّا كَثُرُوا بِهَا كَانُوا يَتَنَاوَلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَهُودِ،وَ كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ تَقُولُ لَهُمْ:أَمَا لَوْ قَدْ بُعِثَ مُحَمَّدٌ لَنُخْرِجَنَّكُمْ [8]مِنْ دِيَارِنَا وَ أَمْوَالِنَا؛فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)آمَنَتْ بِهِ الْأَنْصَارُ،وَ كَفَرَتْ بِهِ الْيَهُودُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ كٰانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ مٰا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ عَلَى الْكٰافِرِينَ .

وَ رَوَى الْعَيَّاشِيُّ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)الْحَدِيثَ بِعَيْنِهِ [9].

(99-/551 _2- al-Kāfī 8:481/308):

Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, from Muhammad b. Yahya, from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa, from al-Husayn b. Sa‘id, from al-Nadr b. Suwayd, from Zur‘ah b. Muhammad, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him), regarding the words of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And they used to, before, pray for victory against those who disbelieved; but when there came to them what they recognized, they disbelieved in it.”

He said: The Jews found in their books that the place of Muhammad’s migration (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) would be between ‘Ayr [1] and Uhud. They set out seeking the place and passed by a mountain called Hadad. They said: Hadad and Uhud [2] are the same; so they dispersed there: some settled in Taymā’ [3], some in Fadak, and some in Khaybar. Those in Taymā’ longed for some of their brothers; an Arab from Qays passed by them, and they hired [4] him and said to him: Will you pass by the area between ‘Ayr and Uhud? He said: Yes. They said: When you pass by them, inform us [5] of them. When he brought them into the land of Madinah, he said to them: That is ‘Ayr, and this is Uhud. They dismounted from his camels and said: We have reached our aim; we have no need for your camels—go wherever you will.

They wrote to their brothers in Fadak and Khaybar: We have found the place; come to us. They wrote back: We have settled and acquired property, and we are not far from you; when it happens, how swiftly we will come to you! They acquired property in the land of Madinah, and when their wealth increased, Tubba‘ [6] learned of it and marched against them. They fortified themselves, and he besieged them. They took pity on the weak among Tubba‘’s people and would throw them dates and barley by night. When Tubba‘ learned of this, he felt compassion for them and granted them safety; they came down to him. He said: I have taken a liking to your land, and I see myself as residing among you.

They said: That is not for you; it is the place of migration of a prophet, and that is for no one until it occurs.

He said to them: I will leave among you from my kin those who, when that comes to pass, will aid and support him [7]. He left behind two tribes: al-Aws and al-Khazraj. When they multiplied there, they would take the property of the Jews; the Jews would say to them: If Muhammad is sent, we will surely drive you out [8] from our homes and our wealth. When Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), the Ansar believed in him, while the Jews disbelieved in him. This is Allah’s saying: “And they used to, before, pray for victory against those who disbelieved; but when there came to them what they recognized, they disbelieved in it; so Allah’s curse is on the unbelievers.”

Al-‘Ayyashi also narrated from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him) the same report [9].

[1] عير:جبل في المدينة،و قيل:في الحجاز.«معجم البلدان 4:172».

‘Ayr: jabal fī al-Madīnah, wa qīla: fī al-Hijāz. “Mu‘jam al-Buldān 4:172”.

[2] حدد:جبل مطل على تيماء.«معجم البلدان 2:229».

Hadad: jabal mutall ‘alā Taymā’. “Mu‘jam al-Buldān 2:229”.

[3] التيماء:الفلاة،و تيماء:بليد في أطراف الشام ما بين الشام و وادي القرى.«معجم البلدان 2:67».

al-taymā’: al-falāh; wa Taymā’: balīd fī aṭrāf al-Shām mā bayna al-Shām wa Wādī al-Qurā. “Mu‘jam al-Buldān 2:67”.

[4] تكاروا:استأجروا.

takāraw: ista’jarū.

[5] آذنتك بالشيء:أعلمتكه.«الصحاح-أذن-5:2069».

ādhantuka bi’l-shay’: a‘lamtuka-h. “al-Sihah – adhn – 5:2069”.

[6] تبع:من ملوك حمير.«مجمع البحرين-تبع-4:305».

Tubba‘: min mulūk Ḥimyar. “Majma‘ al-Baḥrayn – Tabba‘ – 4:305”.

[7] في«ط»نسخة بدل:ساعده و نصره.

fī “T” nuskha badal: sā‘adahū wa naṣarah.

[8] في المصدر:ليخرجنكم.

fi al-masdar: layukhrijannakum.

[9] تفسير العيّاشيّ 1:69/49.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:69/49.

99-/552 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ كٰانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ مٰا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ عَلَى الْكٰافِرِينَ ؟

قَالَ:«كَانَ قَوْمٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عِيسَى(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا)،كَانُوا يَتَوَعَّدُونَ أَهْلَ الْأَصْنَامِ بِالنَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، وَ يَقُولُونَ:لَيَخْرُجَنَّ نَبِيٌّ،وَ لَيَكْسِرَنَّ أَصْنَامَكُمْ،وَ لَيَفْعَلَنَّ بِكُمْ مَا يَفْعَلَنَّ؛فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)كَفَرُوا بِهِ».

 (99-/552 _3- al-Kāfī 8:482/310):

And from him, from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, from Safwan b. Yahya, from Ishaq b. ‘Ammar, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abd Allah (peace be upon him) about His saying, Blessed and Exalted: “And they used to, before, pray for victory against those who disbelieved; but when there came to them what they recognized, they disbelieved in it; so Allah’s curse is on the unbelievers.”

He said: There were a people between Muhammad and Jesus (blessings of Allah be upon them) who used to threaten the idolaters with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), saying: A Prophet will surely come forth, he will surely shatter your idols, and he will surely do to you what he will do. But when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) came forth, they disbelieved in him.

99-/553 _4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ جَابِرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ،عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: فَلَمّٰا جٰاءَهُمْ مٰا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ .

قَالَ:«تَفْسِيرُهَا فِي الْبَاطِنِ:لَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا فِي عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)كَفَرُوا بِهِ،فَقَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ: فَلَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ عَلَى الْكٰافِرِينَ فِي بَاطِنِ الْقُرْآنِ».قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«يَعْنِي بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ،هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ فِي بَاطِنِ الْقُرْآنِ».

(99-/553 _4- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:70/50):

Al-‘Ayyashi: from Jabir, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about this verse—Allah’s saying: “But when there came to them what they recognized, they disbelieved in it.”

He said: Its inner interpretation is: when there came to them what they recognized concerning ‘Ali (peace be upon him), they disbelieved in it. So Allah said about them (in the inner sense of the Qur’an): “So Allah’s curse is on the unbelievers.” Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: He means Banu Umayyah; they are the unbelievers in the inner sense of the Qur’an.

قوله تعالى:

بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ بَغْياً أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللّٰهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلىٰ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ مِنْ عِبٰادِهِ فَبٰاؤُ بِغَضَبٍ عَلىٰ غَضَبٍ وَ لِلْكٰافِرِينَ عَذٰابٌ مُهِينٌ[90]

Qur’an 2:90 (al-Baqarah)

M. H. Shakir: Evil is that for which they have sold their souls that they should deny what Allah has revealed, out of envy that Allah should send down of His grace on whomsoever of His servants He pleases; so they have made themselves deserving of wrath upon wrath, and there is a disgraceful chastisement for the unbelievers.

99-/554 _1- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «ذَمَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْيَهُودَ وَ عَابَ فِعْلَهُمْ فِي كُفْرِهِمْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَقَالَ: بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَيْ اشْتَرَوْهَا بِالْهَدَايَا وَ الْفُضُولِ [1] الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَصِلُ إِلَيْهِمْ،وَ كَانَ اللَّهُ أَمَرَهُمْ بِشِرَائِهَا مِنَ اللَّهِ بِطَاعَتِهِمْ لَهُ،لِيَجْعَلَ [2] لَهُمْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَ الاِنْتِفَاعَ بِهَا دَائِماً فِي نَعِيمِ الْآخِرَةِ فَلَمْ يَشْتَرُوهَا،بَلِ اشْتَرَوْهَا بِمَا أَنْفَقُوهُ فِي عَدَاوَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِيَبْقَى لَهُمْ عِزُّهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا،وَ رِئَاسَتُهُمْ عَلَى الْجُهَّالِ،وَ يَنَالُوا الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ،وَ أَصَابُوا الْفُضُولاَتِ مِنَ السَّفِلَةِ وَ صَرَفُوهُمْ عَنْ سَبِيلِ الرَّشَادِ،وَ وَقَفُوهُمْ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الضَّلاَلاَتِ.

ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ بَغْياً أَيْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مِنْ تَصْدِيقِ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بَغْياً أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللّٰهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلىٰ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ مِنْ عِبٰادِهِ ».

قَالَ:«وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ كُفْرُهُمْ لِبَغْيِهِمْ وَ حَسَدِهِمْ لَهُ،لِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ،وَ هُوَ الْقُرْآنُ الَّذِي أَبَانَ فِيهِ نُبُوَّتَهُ، وَ أَظْهَرَ بِهِ آيَتَهُ وَ مُعْجِزَتَهُ،ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَبٰاؤُ بِغَضَبٍ عَلىٰ غَضَبٍ يَعْنِي رَجَعُوا وَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْغَضَبُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَلَى غَضَبٍ

(99-/554 _1- al-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi al-salām): 272/401):

Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him) said: Allah, Exalted, condemned the Jews and faulted their deed in disbelieving in Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), saying: “Evil is that for which they sold their souls,” that is, they “sold” them for the gifts and surplus advantages [1] that used to reach them; whereas Allah had commanded them to “purchase” their souls from Allah by obeying Him, so that He might grant [2] them their selves and perpetual benefit thereby in the bliss of the Hereafter. But they did not purchase them thus; rather, they “purchased” them with what they spent in enmity to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), so that their worldly prestige might remain to them, their leadership over the ignorant, and so that they could attain the forbidden things, taking superfluous gains from the rabble, diverting them from the path of right guidance and setting them upon the road of misguidance.

Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “that they should deny what Allah has revealed, out of envy”—meaning what Allah revealed to Moses (peace be upon him) affirming Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)—“out of envy that Allah should send down of His grace upon whom He wills from among His servants.”

He said: Their unbelief was only due to their aggression and envy toward him for what Allah had sent down of His grace upon him—namely the Qur’an, in which He made manifest his prophethood and through which He displayed his sign and miracle. Then He said: “so they have made themselves deserving of wrath upon wrath,” meaning they turned back bearing Allah’s wrath upon wrath.

[1] فضول الغنائم:ما فضل منها حين تقسم،و فضول المال:بقاياه الزائدة من الحاجة.

fuḍūl al-ghanā’im: mā faḍala minhā ḥīna tuqsam; wa fuḍūl al-māl: baqāyāhu al-zā’idah ‘an al-ḥājah.

[2] في«ط»نسخة بدل:ليحصل.

fī “T” nuskha badal: li-yaḥṣul.