Al-Isra Ayah 53-55
الإسراء آيه 55-53
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قوله تعالى- قَرِيباً [47-51]
علي بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمٰا يَسْتَمِعُونَ بِهِ إِذْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَ إِذْ هُمْ نَجْوىٰ يعني إذ هم في السر يقولون:هو ساحر؛و هو قوله: إِذْ يَقُولُ الظّٰالِمُونَ إِنْ تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلاّٰ رَجُلاً مَسْحُوراً ». ثم حكى لرسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)قول الدهرية،فقال: وَ قٰالُوا أَ إِذٰا كُنّٰا عِظٰاماً وَ رُفٰاتاً أَ إِنّٰا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ خَلْقاً جَدِيداً .ثم قال لهم: قُلْ كُونُوا حِجٰارَةً أَوْ حَدِيداً* أَوْ خَلْقاً مِمّٰا يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ فَسَيَقُولُونَ مَنْ يُعِيدُنٰا قُلِ الَّذِي فَطَرَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ فَسَيُنْغِضُونَ إِلَيْكَ رُؤُسَهُمْ و النغض:تحريك الرأس وَ يَقُولُونَ مَتىٰ هُوَ قُلْ عَسىٰ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَرِيباً .
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Ali ibn Ibrahim, regarding His saying: We know best what they listen to when they listen to you, and when they are in secret counsel—meaning: when they say in secret, “He is a sorcerer”; and it is His saying: When the wrongdoers say: You follow only a man bewitched. Then He related to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) the saying of the materialists: And they said: What! when we have become bones and decayed dust, shall we indeed be raised up, a new creation? Then He said to them: Say: Be stones or iron, or some other creature which, in your minds, is yet greater; then they will say: Who will restore us? Say: He who originated you the first time. So they will wag their heads at you—the wagging is the shaking of the head—and they will say: When will it be? Say: Perhaps it will be near.
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قَالَ:وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «الْخَلْقُ الَّذِي يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ: الْمَوْتُ».
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He said: And in the narration of Abu al-Jarud from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), he said: “The creation that looms large in your minds is death.”
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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «جَاءَ أُبَيُّ بْنُ خَلَفٍ،فَأَخَذَ عَظْماً بَالِياً مِنْ حَائِطٍ،فَفَتَّهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِذَا كُنَّا عِظَاماً وَ رُفَاتاً أَ إِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ؟!فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يُحْيِ الْعِظٰامَ وَ هِيَ رَمِيمٌ* قُلْ يُحْيِيهَا الَّذِي أَنْشَأَهٰا أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَ هُوَ بِكُلِّ خَلْقٍ عَلِيمٌ [1]».
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Al-‘Ayyashi: from al-Halabi, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “Ubayy ibn Khalaf came, took a decayed bone from a wall, crushed it, then said: ‘O Muhammad! When we are bones and dust, shall we indeed be raised?’ So Allah revealed: Who will give life to the bones when they are rotten? Say: He will give life to them Who brought them into existence at first, and He is cognizant of all creation.” (Quran reference: Yasin 36:78-79, translation by M. H. Shakir)
قوله تعالى:
وَ قُلْ لِعِبٰادِي يَقُولُوا الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ آتَيْنٰا دٰاوُدَ زَبُوراً [53-55]
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و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم،في قوله تعالى: وَ قُلْ لِعِبٰادِي يَقُولُوا الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ الشَّيْطٰانَ يَنْزَغُ بَيْنَهُمْ أي يدخل بينهم و يحملهم [2] على المعاصي. قال:و قوله: رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِنْ يَشَأْ يَرْحَمْكُمْ إلى قوله زَبُوراً فهو محكم.
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And ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said, regarding His saying: And say to My servants that they should utter that which is best—surely the Shaytan sows discord among them—meaning: he comes between them and incites them to acts of disobedience. He said: And His saying: Your Lord knows you best; if He please, He will have mercy on you… up to His saying: and We gave David the Psalms—this is muhkam (of clear, firm meaning).
_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:20.
- Tafsir al-Qummi 2:20.
_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:21.
- Tafsir al-Qummi 2:21.
_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:89/296.
- Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:89/296.
_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:21.
- Tafsir al-Qummi 2:21.
[1] يس 36:78-79.
- Yasin 36:78-79.
[2] في«س»:بحملهم،و في المصدر:و يحثّهم.
- fi “S”: bi-hamlahum; wa fi al-masdar: wa yahuththuhum.
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ابن شهر آشوب:عن أبي معاوية الضرير،عن الأعمش،عن أبي صالح،في قوله تعالى: وَ لَقَدْ فَضَّلْنٰا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلىٰ بَعْضٍ قال:فضل اللّه محمّدا(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)بالعلم و العقل على جميع الرسل،و فضل عليّ بن أبي طالب(عليه السلام)على جميع الصديقين بالعلم و العقل.
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Ibn Shahr Ashub: from Abu Mu‘awiyah al-Darir, from al-A‘mash, from Abu Salih, regarding His saying: And certainly We have made some of the prophets to excel others, he said: “Allah favored Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) with knowledge and intellect over all the messengers, and He favored ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) over all the siddiqin with knowledge and intellect.”
قوله تعالى:
وَ إِنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ إِلاّٰ نَحْنُ مُهْلِكُوهٰا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيٰامَةِ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُوهٰا عَذٰاباً شَدِيداً كٰانَ ذٰلِكَ فِي الْكِتٰابِ مَسْطُوراً [58]
Quran (Al-Isra 17:58), M. H. Shakir: And there is not a town but We will destroy it before the day of resurrection or chastise it with a severe chastisement; this is written in the Book.
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علي بن إبراهيم،قال:قوله: وَ إِنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ إِلاّٰ نَحْنُ مُهْلِكُوهٰا أي أهلها قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيٰامَةِ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُوهٰا عَذٰاباً شَدِيداً يعني بالخسف و الموت و الهلاك كٰانَ ذٰلِكَ فِي الْكِتٰابِ مَسْطُوراً أي مكتوبا.
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‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: His saying: And there is not a town but We will destroy it—i.e., its people—before the Day of Resurrection, or chastise it with a severe chastisement—meaning by sinking (the earth), death, and destruction. This is written in the Book—i.e., inscribed.
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ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:مُرْسَلاً،عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ إِنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ إِلاّٰ نَحْنُ مُهْلِكُوهٰا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيٰامَةِ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُوهٰا عَذٰاباً شَدِيداً قَالَ:«هُوَ الْفَنَاءُ بِالْمَوْتِ».
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Ibn Babawayh, mursal, from al-Sadiq (peace be upon him), that he was asked about His saying, the Exalted: And there is not a town but We will destroy it before the Day of Resurrection or chastise it with a severe chastisement. He said: “It is perishing by death.”
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الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَ إِنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ إِلاّٰ نَحْنُ مُهْلِكُوهٰا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيٰامَةِ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُوهٰا عَذٰاباً شَدِيداً ،قَالَ:«إِنَّمَا أُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ،فَمَنْ مَاتَ فَقَدْ هَلَكَ».
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Al-‘Ayyashi: from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) about: And there is not a town but We will destroy it before the Day of Resurrection or chastise it with a severe chastisement. He said: “The Ummah of Muhammad is one of the nations; so whoever dies has perished.”
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عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ إِنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ إِلاّٰ نَحْنُ مُهْلِكُوهٰا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيٰامَةِ ،قَالَ:«هُوَ الْفَنَاءُ بِالْمَوْتِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ».
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From Ibn Sinan, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: And there is not a town but We will destroy it before the Day of Resurrection, he said: “It is perishing by death or by other means.”
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وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى،عَنْهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): وَ إِنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ إِلاّٰ نَحْنُ مُهْلِكُوهٰا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيٰامَةِ . قَالَ:«بِالْقَتْلِ وَ الْمَوْتِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ».
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And in another narration from him (peace be upon him) regarding: And there is not a town but We will destroy it before the Day of Resurrection, he said: “By killing and death, or by other means.”
قوله تعالى:
وَ مٰا مَنَعَنٰا أَنْ نُرْسِلَ بِالْآيٰاتِ إِلاّٰ أَنْ كَذَّبَ بِهَا الْأَوَّلُونَ -إلى قوله تعالى-
_2) -المناقب 3:99.
- al-Manāqib 3:99.
_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:21.
- Tafsir al-Qummi 2:21.
_4) -من لا يحضره الفقيه 1:562/118.
- Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih 1:562/118.
_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:90/297.
- Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:90/297.
_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:91/297.
- Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:91/297.
_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:92/297.
- Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:92/297.