S 2 A 219

بقرة آيه 219

بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ [1] .

Quran 2:194 (M. H. Shakir): Then whoever acts aggressively against you, inflict injury on him according to the injury he has inflicted on you.

99-/1113 _2- وَ فِي(نَهْجِ الْبَيَانِ)عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «الْفِتْنَةُ هناهنا [هَاهُنَا] :اَلشِّرْكُ».

99-/1113 _2- And in Nahj al-Bayan, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): “The fitna here is shirk (polytheism).”

99-/1114 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ الْمُغِيرِيَّةَ [2] يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ لِهَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ الْمُسْتَقْبَلَةِ.

فَقَالَ:«كَذَبُوا،هَذَا الْيَوْمُ لِلَّيْلَةِ الْمَاضِيَةِ؛لِأَنَّ أَهْلَ بَطْنِ نَخْلَةَ حَيْثُ رَأَوُا الْهِلاَلَ،قَالُوا:قَدْ دَخَلَ الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ».

99-/1114 _3- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub, with his chain from Aban, from ‘Umar b. Yazid, said: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): The Mughiriyya [2] claim that “this day” belongs to “the coming night.” He said: “They have lied. This day belongs to the previous night; for when the people of Batn Nakhlah sighted the crescent, they said: ‘The sacred month has begun.’”

قوله تعالى:

يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمٰا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنٰافِعُ لِلنّٰاسِ وَ إِثْمُهُمٰا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِمٰا[219]

Quran 2:219 (M. H. Shakir): They ask you about intoxicants and games of chance. Say: In both of them there is a great sin and means of profit for men, and their sin is greater than their profit.

99-/1115 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ، جَمِيعاً،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ [3]،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلَ الْمَهْدِيُّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنِ الْخَمْرِ،قَالَ:هَلْ هِيَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ إِنَّمَا يَعْرِفُونَ النَّهْيَ عَنْهَا،وَ لاَ يَعْرِفُونَ التَّحْرِيمَ لَهَا؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«بَلْ هِيَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ» [4].

فَقَالَ:فِي أَيِّ مَوْضِعٍ[هِيَ]مُحَرَّمَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ اسْمُهُ،يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ؟ فَقَالَ:«قَوْلُ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ: إِنَّمٰا حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الْفَوٰاحِشَ مٰا ظَهَرَ مِنْهٰا وَ مٰا بَطَنَ وَ الْإِثْمَ وَ الْبَغْيَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ [5].

99-/1115 _1- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: from Abu ‘Ali al-Ash‘ari, from some of our companions; and ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, together from al-Hasan b. ‘Ali b. Abi Hamzah [3], from his father, from ‘Ali b. Yaqtin, who said: Al-Mahdi asked Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him) about wine. He said: Is it declared unlawful in the Book of Allah, Mighty and Glorious? For people only know of a prohibition against it but do not know an explicit declaration of its unlawfulness. Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him) said to him: “Rather, it is unlawful in the Book of Allah.” [4] He said: In what place is it unlawful in the Book of Allah—glorious is His Name—O Abu al-Hasan? He said: “The saying of Allah, Mighty and Exalted: Surely He has only forbidden indecencies, those of them that are apparent and those that are concealed, and sin and rebellion without justice.” [5]

Quran 7:33 (M. H. Shakir): Say: My Lord has only forbidden indecencies, those of them that are apparent as well as those that are concealed, and sin and rebellion without justice, and that you associate with Allah that for which He has sent down no authority, and that you say against Allah what you do not know.

_2) -نهج البيان(مخطوط)1:52.

- Nahj al-Bayān (makhṭūṭ) 1:52.

_3) -الكافي 8:517/332.

- al-Kāfī 8:517/332.

_1) -الكافي 6:1/406.

- al-Kāfī 6:1/406.

[1] البقرة 2:194.

[1] al-Baqara 2:194.

[2] المغيرية:و هم أتباع المغيرة بن سعيد،الذين قالوا:لا إمامة في بني عليّ(عليه السّلام)بعد أبي جعفر محمّد بن عليّ الباقر(عليه السّلام)،و إنّ الإمامة في المغيرة بن سعيد إلى خروج المهديّ،و هو عندهم محمّد بن عبد اللّه بن الحسن بن الحسن بن عليّ-كما هو في أغلب المصادر-و في الأنوار النعمانية للسيّد الجزائريّ(قدّس سرّه)قال:هو عندهم زكريا بن محمّد بن عليّ بن الحسين بن عليّ(عليه السّلام).فرق الشيعة:63،مقالات الاسلاميين 1:68،المقالات و الفرق:50 و 74،الفرق بين الفرق،238،الملل و النحل 1:157،الأنوار النعمانية 2:236.

[2] al-Mughīriyya: They are the followers of al-Mughīra b. Sa‘īd, who said: There is no imamate among the descendants of ‘Ali (peace be upon him) after Abu Ja‘far Muhammad b. ‘Ali al-Baqir (peace be upon him), and that the imamate is in al-Mughīra b. Sa‘īd until the coming of the Mahdi—who, according to them, is Muhammad b. ‘Abdullah b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. ‘Ali, as in most sources; and in al-Anwār al-Nu‘māniyya by al-Sayyid al-Jazā’irī (may his secret be sanctified), he said: according to them he is Zakariyya b. Muhammad b. ‘Ali b. al-Husayn b. ‘Ali (peace be upon him). Firaq al-Shī‘a: 63; Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn 1:68; al-Maqālāt wa-l-Firaq: 50 and 74; al-Farq bayn al-Firaq: 238; al-Milal wa-l-Niḥal 1:157; al-Anwār al-Nu‘māniyya 2:236.

[3] في«س و ط»:عن عليّ بن أبي حمزة،و الصواب ما في المتن،لرواية إبراهيم بن هاشم عن الحسن بن عليّ بن أبي حمزة،دون أبيه،كما في معجم رجال الحديث 1:319،و عليّ بن أبي حمزة يروي عن عليّ بن يقطين.كما في معجم رجال الحديث 12:237.

[3] In “S and Ṭ”: “from ‘Ali b. Abi Hamzah,” but the correct form is as in the main text, for Ibrahim b. Hashim narrates from al-Hasan b. ‘Ali b. Abi Hamzah without his father, as in Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 1:319; and ‘Ali b. Abi Hamzah narrates from ‘Ali b. Yaqtin, as in Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth 12:237.

[4] في المصدر زيادة:يا أمير المؤمنين.

[4] In the source there is the addition: “O Commander of the Faithful.”

[5] الأعراف 7:33.

[5] al-A‘rāf 7:33.

فَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: مٰا ظَهَرَ مِنْهٰا يَعْنِي الزِّنَا الْمُعْلَنَ،وَ نَصْبَ الرَّايَاتِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تُعْرَفُ بِهَا الْفَوَاحِشُ [1] فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ.

وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: مٰا بَطَنَ يَعْنِي مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ [2]؛لِأَنَّ النَّاسَ كَانُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُبْعَثَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ زَوْجَةٌ وَ مَاتَ عَنْهَا،تَزَوَّجَ بِهَا [3] ابْنُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ،إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ أُمَّهُ،فَحَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ذَلِكَ.

وَ أَمَّا الْإِثْمُ:فَإِنَّهَا الْخَمْرَةُ بِعَيْنِهَا،وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمٰا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنٰافِعُ لِلنّٰاسِ فَأَمَّا الْإِثْمُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَهِيَ الْخَمْرَةُ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ وَ إِثْمُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ،كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى».

Quran 2:219 (M. H. Shakir): They ask you about intoxicants and games of chance. Say: In both of them there is a great sin and means of profit for men, and their sin is greater than their profit.

He said regarding His saying: “what is apparent of them” (ma zahara minha): this means public fornication, and the raising of flags by which acts of lewdness [1] were known in the Jahiliyya. And as for His saying, “what is concealed” (ma batana), it means what your fathers have married [2]; for before the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family) was sent, if a man had a wife and died, his son would marry her [3] after him, provided she was not his own mother. So Allah, Mighty and Glorious, forbade that. And as for “sin” (al-ithm): it is wine itself; and Allah, Mighty and Glorious, has said in another place: “They ask you about intoxicants and games of chance; say: In both of them there is a great sin and means of profit for men...” Thus “sin” in the Book of Allah, Mighty and Glorious, is wine and games of chance, and their sin is greater, just as Allah, Exalted, has said.

He (al-Mahdi) said: O ‘Ali b. Yaqtin, by Allah, this is a Hashimi fatwa! I said to him: You have spoken the truth, by Allah, O Commander of the Faithful. Praise be to Allah who did not take this knowledge out from you, the People of the House. He said: By Allah, al-Mahdi did not refrain before saying to me: “You have spoken the truth, O Rāfidi.”

99-/1116 _2- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،مُرْسَلاً،قَالَ: «إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا نَزَلَ فِي تَحْرِيمِ الْخَمْرِ،قَوْلُ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ:

يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمٰا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنٰافِعُ لِلنّٰاسِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ أَحَسَّ الْقَوْمُ بِتَحْرِيمِهَا وَ تَحْرِيمِ الْمَيْسِرِ وَ الْأَنْصَابِ وَ الْأَزْلاَمِ [4]،وَ عَلِمُوا أَنَّ الْإِثْمَ مِمَّا يَنْبَغِي اجْتِنَابُهُ،وَ لاَ يَحْمِلُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ طَرِيقٍ؛لِأَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَ مَنٰافِعُ لِلنّٰاسِ .

ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ وَ الْأَنْصٰابُ وَ الْأَزْلاٰمُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطٰانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ [5]فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ أَشَدَّ مِنَ الْأُولَى وَ أَغْلَظَ فِي التَّحْرِيمِ.

ثُمَّ ثَلَّثَ بِآيَةٍ أُخْرَى،فَكَانَتْ أَغْلَظَ مِنَ الْأُولَى وَ الثَّانِيَةِ[وَ أَشَدَّ]،فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّمٰا يُرِيدُ الشَّيْطٰانُ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدٰاوَةَ وَ الْبَغْضٰاءَ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ وَ يَصُدَّكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللّٰهِ وَ عَنِ الصَّلاٰةِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ [6]فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِاجْتِنَابِهَا،وَ فَسَّرَ عِلَلَهَا الَّتِي لَهَا وَ مِنْ أَجْلِهَا حَرَّمَهَا.

ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ تَحْرِيمَهَا وَ كَشَفَهُ فِي الْآيَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ مَعَ [7] مَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ، بِقَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: قُلْ إِنَّمٰا حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الْفَوٰاحِشَ مٰا ظَهَرَ مِنْهٰا وَ مٰا بَطَنَ وَ الْإِثْمَ وَ الْبَغْيَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ [8].

وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي الْآيَةِ الْأُولَى: يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمٰا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنٰافِعُ لِلنّٰاسِ

99-/1116 _2- And from him: from some of our companions, mursal: “The first thing revealed concerning the prohibition of wine was Allah’s saying, Mighty and Exalted: They ask you about intoxicants and games of chance. Say: In both of them there is a great sin and means of profit for men. When this verse was revealed, the people sensed its prohibition and the prohibition of games of chance, the stone-altars, and the divining arrows [4]. They knew that ‘sin’ is among what ought to be avoided, yet Allah, Mighty and Glorious, did not impose it upon them from every angle, for He said: and means of profit for men. Then Allah, Mighty and Glorious, revealed: Surely intoxicants and games of chance and stone-altars and divining arrows are only an uncleanness, the Shaitan’s work; shun it therefore that you may be successful. [5]

Quran 5:90 (M. H. Shakir): O you who believe! intoxicants and games of chance and stone altars and divining arrows are only an uncleanness, the Shaitan’s work; shun it therefore that you may be successful.

So this verse was more severe than the first and sterner in prohibition. Then He followed it with another verse, which was sterner than the first and the second [and more severe]: Surely the Shaitan only desires to cause enmity and hatred to spring in your midst by means of intoxicants and games of chance, and to keep you off from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer. Will you then desist? [6]

Quran 5:91 (M. H. Shakir): Shaitan only desires to cause enmity and hatred to spring in your midst by means of intoxicants and games of chance and to keep you off from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer. Will you then desist?

Thus Allah, Mighty and Glorious, commanded avoiding them, and He explained their causes for which He prohibited them. Then Allah, Mighty and Glorious, clarified and disclosed its prohibition in the fourth verse, in addition to what was indicated in the aforementioned verses, by His saying, Mighty and Glorious: Say: My Lord has only forbidden indecencies, those of them that are apparent and those that are concealed, and sin and rebellion without justice. [8]

And Allah, Mighty and Glorious, said in the first verse: They ask you about intoxicants and games of chance. Say: In both of them there is a great sin and means of profit for men.

[1] في المصدر:كانت ترفعها الفواجر للفواحش.

[1] In the source: “The profligate women would raise them for acts of lewdness.”

[2] في المصدر:من الآباء.

[2] In the source: “from the fathers.”

[3] في المصدر:تزوجها.

[3] In the source: “he married her.”

[4] (و الأنصاب و الأزلام)ليس في المصدر.

[4] “and the stone-altars and the divining arrows” is not in the source.

[5] المائدة 5:90.

[5] al-Mā’ida 5:90.

[6] المائدة 5:91.

[6] al-Mā’ida 5:91.

[7] في«ط»:و كشف في الآية الرابعة منع.

[7] In “Ṭ”: “and He disclosed in the fourth verse a prohibition.”

[8] الأعراف 7:33.

[8] al-A‘rāf 7:33.

ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي الْآيَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ: قُلْ إِنَّمٰا حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الْفَوٰاحِشَ مٰا ظَهَرَ مِنْهٰا وَ مٰا بَطَنَ وَ الْإِثْمَ .فَخَبَّرَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنَّ الْإِثْمَ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَ غَيْرِهَا،وَ أَنَّهُ حَرَامٌ،وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَفْتَرِضَ فَرِيضَةً،أَنْزَلَهَا شَيْئاً بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى يُوَطِّنَ النَّاسُ أَنْفُسَهُمْ عَلَيْهَا،وَ يَسْكُنُوا إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ وَ نَهْيِهِ فِيهَا،وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ[فِعْلِ]اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّدْبِيرِ فِيهِمْ أَصْوَبَ وَ أَقْرَبَ لَهُمْ إِلَى الْأَخْذِ بِهَا،وَ أَقَلَّ لِنِفَارِهِمْ عَنْهَا».

He then said in the fourth verse: Say: My Lord has only forbidden indecencies, those of them that are apparent and those that are concealed, and sin. He, Mighty and Glorious, informed that “sin” applies to wine and to other things, and that it is unlawful. That is because when Allah, Mighty and Glorious, intends to obligate an obligation, He reveals it bit by bit until people accustom themselves to it, and become at ease with Allah’s command, Mighty and Exalted, and His prohibition in it. This manner of Allah’s action with them—in a way of wise management—was more correct and nearer to their embracing it, and less likely to provoke their aversion from it.

99-/1117 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ،عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «الْمَيْسِرُ:هُوَ الْقِمَارُ».

99-/1117 _3- And from him: from a number of our companions, from Sahl b. Ziyad, from al-Washsha’, from Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him), who said: I heard him say: “Maysir is gambling.”

99-/1118 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ،عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ،عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمَّا نَزَلَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ وَ الْأَنْصٰابُ وَ الْأَزْلاٰمُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطٰانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ [1]قِيلَ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ،مَا الْمَيْسِرُ؟قَالَ:كُلُّ مَا تُقُومِرَ بِهِ حَتَّى الْكِعَابُ وَ الْجَوْزُ.

قِيلَ:فَمَا الْأَنْصَابُ؟قَالَ:مَا ذَبَحُوا [2] لِآلِهَتِهِمْ.

قِيلَ:فَمَا الْأَزْلاَمُ؟قَالَ:قِدَاحُهُمُ الَّتِي يَسْتَقْسِمُونَ بِهَا».

99-/1118 _4- And from him: from Abu ‘Ali al-Ash‘ari, from Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Jabbar, from Ahmad b. al-Nadr, from ‘Amr b. Shimr, from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), who said: “When Allah’s saying was revealed to His Messenger (Allah bless him and his family): Surely intoxicants and games of chance and stone-altars and divining arrows are only an uncleanness, the Shaitan’s work; shun it therefore [1]—it was said: O Messenger of Allah, what is maysir? He said: Everything by which people gamble—even dice and nuts. It was said: What are the ansab? He said: What they slaughtered [2] for their deities. It was said: What are the azlam? He said: Their arrows by which they seek division (of lots).”

99-/1119 _5- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ حَمْدَوَيْهِ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَنْبَسَةَ -يَعْنِي إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-:إِنْ رَأَى سَيِّدِي وَ مَوْلاَيَ أَنْ يُخْبِرَنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ الْآيَةَ،فَمَا الْمَيْسِرُ [3]،جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ؟فَكَتَبَ:«كُلُّ مَا قُومِرَ بِهِ فَهُوَ الْمَيْسِرُ،وَ كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ».

99-/1119 _5- Al-‘Ayyashi: from Hamdawayh, from Muhammad b. ‘Isa, who said: I heard him say: Ibrahim b. ‘Anbasa wrote to him—meaning to ‘Ali b. Muhammad (peace be upon him): If my master and patron would see fit to inform me about Allah’s saying: They ask you about intoxicants and games of chance… the verse—what is maysir [3], may I be your ransom? He wrote: “Everything that involves gambling is maysir, and every intoxicant is unlawful.”

Quran 2:219 (M. H. Shakir): They ask you about intoxicants and games of chance. Say: In both of them there is a great sin and means of profit for men, and their sin is greater than their profit.

99-/1120 _6- الْحُسَيْنُ،عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْبَجَلِيِّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى،عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «النَّرْدُ وَ الشِّطْرَنْجُ مِنَ الْمَيْسِرِ».

99-/1120 _6- Al-Husayn, from Musa b. al-Qasim al-Bajali, from Muhammad b. ‘Ali b. Ja‘far b. Muhammad, from his father, from his brother Musa, from his father Ja‘far (peace be upon them), who said: “Nard (backgammon) and chess are among maysir (gambling).”

99-/1121 _7- عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ السِّمْطِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «الْخَمْرُ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ [4]:اَلتَّمْرِ،وَ الزَّبِيبِ، وَ الْحِنْطَةِ،وَ الشَّعِيرِ،وَ الْعَسَلِ،وَ الذُّرَةِ».

99-/1121 _7- From ‘Amir b. al-Simt, from ‘Ali b. al-Husayn (peace be upon him), who said: “Wine can be from six [4]: dates, raisins, wheat, barley, honey, and millet.”

_3) -الكافي 5:9/124.

- al-Kāfī 5:9/124.

_4) -الكافي 5:2/122.

- al-Kāfī 5:2/122.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:311/105.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:311/105.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:312/106.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:312/106.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:313/106.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:313/106.

[1] المائدة 5:90.

[1] al-Mā’ida 5:90.

[2] في المصدر:ما ذبحوه.

[2] In the source: “what they slaughtered.”

[3] في«ط»:فما المنفعة.

[3] In “Ṭ”: “So what is the benefit?”

[4] في المصدر زيادة:أشياء.

[4] In the source there is the addition: “things.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ يَسْئَلُونَكَ مٰا ذٰا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ[219]

Quran 2:219 (M. H. Shakir): They ask you as to what they should spend. Say: What you can spare. Thus does Allah make clear to you the communications that you may ponder.

99-/1122 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ رَجُلٍ [1]،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ). فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ يَسْئَلُونَكَ مٰا ذٰا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ .قَالَ:«الْعَفْوُ:اَلْوَسَطُ».

99-/1122 _1- Muhammad b. Ya‘qub: from ‘Ali b. Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from a man [1], from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Mighty and Glorious: And they ask you what they should spend; say: al-‘afw. He said: “al-‘afw means the middle course.”

99-/1123 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَ يَسْئَلُونَكَ مٰا ذٰا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ .قَالَ:«الْعَفْوُ:اَلْوَسَطُ».

99-/1123 _2- Al-‘Ayyashi: from Jamil b. Darraj, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about His saying: And they ask you what they should spend; say: al-‘afw. He said: “al-‘afw means the middle course.”

99-/1124 _3- عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: وَ يَسْئَلُونَكَ مٰا ذٰا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ .

قَالَ:« اَلَّذِينَ إِذٰا أَنْفَقُوا لَمْ يُسْرِفُوا وَ لَمْ يَقْتُرُوا وَ كٰانَ بَيْنَ ذٰلِكَ قَوٰاماً [2]-قَالَ-:نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ،هِيَ الْوَسَطُ».

99-/1124 _3- From ‘Abd al-Rahman, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about His saying: And they ask you what they should spend; say: al-‘afw. He said: “Those who, when they spend, are not extravagant and do not skimp, and are between that, moderate [2]—he said: This was revealed after that one; it is the middle course.”

Quran 25:67 (M. H. Shakir): And they who when they spend, are neither extravagant nor parsimonious, and are stationed between the two (extremes).

99-/1125 _4- عَنْ يُوسُفَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،أَوْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ [3](عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ يَسْئَلُونَكَ مٰا ذٰا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ .قَالَ:«الْكَفَافَ».

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ:«الْقَصْدُ».

99-/1125 _4- From Yusuf, from Abu ‘Abdillah—or Abu Ja‘far [3] (peace be upon them)—regarding His saying, Exalted is He: And they ask you what they should spend; say: al-‘afw. He said: “Sufficiency (al-kafaf).” And in Abu Basir’s narration: “Moderation (al-qasd).”

99-/1126 _5- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ: الْعَفْوُ:اَلْوَسَطُ،مِنْ غَيْرِ إِسْرَافٍ وَ لاَ إِقْتَارٍ. قَالَ:وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ).

99-/1126 _5- Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi: al-‘afw is the middle course, without extravagance and without niggardliness. He said: And this is what is narrated from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him).

99-/1127 _6- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «الْعَفْوُ:مَا فَضَلَ عَنْ قُوتِ السَّنَةِ».

99-/1127 _6- And from him, he said: And from Abu Ja‘far al-Baqir (peace be upon him): “al-‘afw is what remains beyond the provision of the year.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتٰامىٰ قُلْ إِصْلاٰحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَ إِنْ تُخٰالِطُوهُمْ

Quran 2:220 (M. H. Shakir, for continuation context): And they ask you concerning the orphans. Say: To set right for them (their affairs) is good, and if you become co-partners with them, they are your brethren; and Allah knows the mischief-maker and the well-doer; and if Allah had pleased He would certainly have made matters difficult for you; surely Allah is Mighty, Wise.

_1) -الكافي 4:3/52.

- al-Kāfī 4:3/52.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:314/106.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:314/106.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:315/106.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:315/106.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:316/106 و 317.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:316/106 wa 317.

_5) -مجمع البيان 2:558.

- Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:558.

_6) -مجمع البيان 2:558.

- Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:558.

[1] في المصدر:عن بعض أصحابه.

[1] In the source: “from some of his companions.”

[2] الفرقان 25:67.

[2] al-Furqān 25:67.

[3] في«ط»:و أبي جعفر.

[3] In “Ṭ”: “and Abu Ja‘far.”