S 2 A 235

بِهَا،ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ،فَوَضَعَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُنَّ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَشْهُرٍ».

99-/1265 - I heard him say about a woman whose husband died without having consummated the marriage with her: “She must not marry until she observes the waiting period of four months and ten days, which is the waiting period for a woman whose husband has died.”

99-/1265 _5- عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا.قَالَ:«لاَ تَنْكِحُ حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً،عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا».

99-/1266 - He said: it is abrogated; it was abrogated by “they shall wait concerning themselves for four months and ten days,” and it was abrogated by the verse of inheritance.

99-/1266 _6- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: مَتٰاعاً إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرٰاجٍ [1].

قَالَ:«مَنْسُوخَةٌ،نَسَخَتْهَا: يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً ،وَ نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ».

99-/1267 - I said to him: May I be your ransom, how is it that the waiting period of the divorced woman is three menstrual courses or three months, while the waiting period of the woman whose husband has died is four months and ten days? He said: “As for the waiting period of the divorced woman—three quru’—that is in order to ascertain that the womb is clear of pregnancy. As for the waiting period of the woman whose husband has died, Allah stipulated a condition for women and stipulated a condition upon them: He did not show them favor in what He stipulated for them, nor did He wrong in what He stipulated upon them. As for what He stipulated for them—it is in ila’ (oath of abstention), four months; as He says: ‘For those who swear abstinence from their wives is a waiting of four months’ [3]. He will not allow anyone more than four months in ila’, because the Blessed and Exalted knows that it is the limit of a woman’s patience away from a man. And as for what He stipulated upon them, He commanded her that if her husband dies she shall observe a waiting period of four months and ten days; thus He took for him from her upon his death what He took for her from him during his lifetime.”

99-/1267 _7- عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،كَيْفَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلاَثَ حِيَضٍ أَوْ ثَلاَثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ،وَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً؟ فَقَالَ:«أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلاَثَةُ قُرُوءٍ،فَلِأَجْلِ اسْتِبْرَاءِ الرَّحِمِ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ،وَ أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَرَطَ لِلنِّسَاءِ شَرْطاً وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَرْطاً؛فَلَمْ يُحَابِهِنَّ فِيمَا شَرَطَ لَهُنَّ،وَ لَمْ يَجُرْ فِيمَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ؛أَمَّا مَا شَرَطَ لَهُنَّ فَفِي الْإِيلاَءِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ؛إِذْ يَقُولُ: لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسٰائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ [3]فَلَنْ يُجَوِّزَ لِأَحَدٍ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فِي الْإِيلاَءِ،لِعِلْمِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنَّهَا غَايَةُ صَبْرِ الْمَرْأَةِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ.

وَ أَمَّا مَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ إِذَا مَاتَ زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً،فَأَخَذَ لَهُ مِنْهَا عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ،مَا أَخَذَ لَهَا مِنْهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ».

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ جُنٰاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمٰا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسٰاءِ أَوْ أَكْنَنْتُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَلِمَ اللّٰهُ أَنَّكُمْ سَتَذْكُرُونَهُنَّ وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تُوٰاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً وَ لاٰ تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكٰاحِ حَتّٰى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتٰابُ أَجَلَهُ[235]

(Quran 2:235 - M. H. Shakir) And there is no blame on you respecting that which you speak indirectly in the asking of women in marriage or keep concealed within your minds. Allah knows that you will mention them, but do not give them a promise in secret unless you speak in a lawful manner, and do not resolve on the marriage tie until the prescribed term is completed; and know that Allah knows what is in your minds, therefore beware of Him, and know that Allah is Forgiving, Forbearing.

99-/1268 - About the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “But do not make a secret engagement with them, except that you speak a proper saying.” He said: “It is when a man says to a woman before her waiting period is over: ‘I will meet you at the house of so-and-so,’ thus alluding to her with a proposal. And by His saying ‘except that you speak a proper saying’ He means allusion to a proposal [1]. And he must not determine the knot of marriage until the prescribed term reaches its end.”

99-/1268 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادٍ،عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تُوٰاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً .

قَالَ:«هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا:أُوَاعِدُكِ بَيْتَ آلِ فُلاَنٍ.لِيُعَرِّضَ لَهَا بِالْخِطْبَةِ.وَ يَعْنِي بِقَوْلِهِ: إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً التَّعْرِيضَ بِالْخِطْبَةِ [1]،وَ لاَ يَعْزِمَ عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ».

99-/1269 - He said: “The ‘secret’ is that a man says: ‘Our meeting-place is the house of so-and-so,’ and then he asks her not to precede him with herself when her waiting period has ended.” I said: So His saying, “except that you speak a proper saying”? He said: “It is seeking what is lawful, without determining the knot of marriage until the prescribed term reaches its end.”

99-/1269 _2- عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تُوٰاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً وَ لاٰ تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكٰاحِ حَتّٰى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتٰابُ أَجَلَهُ .

فَقَالَ:«السِّرُّ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ:مَوْعِدُكِ بَيْتُ آلِ فُلاَنٍ،ثُمَّ يَطْلُبُ إِلَيْهَا أَنْ لاَ تَسْبِقَهُ بِنَفْسِهَا،إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا».

قُلْتُ:فَقَوْلُهُ: إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً ؟قَالَ:«هُوَ طَلَبُ الْحَلاَلِ فِي غَيْرِ أَنْ يَعْزِمَ عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ».

99-/1270 - He said regarding the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “But do not make a secret engagement with them”: “It is when a man says, ‘I will meet you at the house of so-and-so,’ hinting at sexual talk and engaging in it. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘except that you speak a proper saying,’ and the proper saying is alluding to a proposal in its correct manner and lawful way; and do not determine the knot of marriage until the prescribed term reaches its end.”

99-/1270 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تُوٰاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا .

قَالَ:«يَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ:أُوَاعِدُكِ بَيْتَ آلِ فُلاَنٍ.يُعَرِّضُ لَهَا بِالرَّفَثِ وَ يَرْفُثُ؛يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً وَ الْقَوْلُ الْمَعْرُوفُ:اَلتَّعْرِيضُ بِالْخِطْبَةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا وَ حِلِّهَا وَ لاٰ تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتّٰى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتٰابُ أَجَلَهُ ».

99-/1271 - He said regarding the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “except that you speak a proper saying”: “He meets her and says, ‘Truly I desire you, and I honor women; so do not precede me with yourself.’ And the ‘secret’ is that he must not be alone with her at the place where he promised her.”

99-/1271 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ،عَنْ أَبَانٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً .

قَالَ:«يَلْقَاهَا فَيَقُولُ:إِنِّي فِيكِ لَرَاغِبٌ،وَ إِنِّي لِلنِّسَاءِ لَمُكْرِمٌ،فَلاَ تَسْبِقِينِي بِنَفْسِكِ.وَ السِّرُّ:لاَ يَخْلُو مَعَهَا حَيْثُ وَعَدَهَا».

99-/1272 - He said: “It is seeking what is lawful: ‘And do not determine the knot of marriage until the prescribed term reaches its end.’ Does a man not say to a woman before her waiting period is over: ‘Our meeting-place is the house of so-and-so,’ then ask her not to precede him with herself when her waiting period has ended?”

99-/1272 _5- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:

وَ لٰكِنْ لاٰ تُوٰاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً .

قَالَ:«هُوَ طَلَبُ الْحَلاَلِ: وَ لاٰ تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكٰاحِ حَتّٰى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتٰابُ أَجَلَهُ أَ لَيْسَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا:مَوْعِدُكِ بَيْتُ فُلاَنٍ.ثُمَّ طَلَبَ إِلَيْهَا أَلاَّ تَسْبِقَهُ بِنَفْسِهَا،إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا؟».

99-/1273 - In the report of Rifā‘ah, from him (peace be upon him), regarding “a proper saying,” he said: “He should speak good words.”

99-/1273 _6- وَ فِي خَبَرِ رِفَاعَةَ،عَنْهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ، قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً ،قَالَ:«يَقُولُ خَيْراً».

99-/1274 - In the narration of Abū Basīr, from him (peace be upon him), “Do not make a secret engagement with them.” He said: “It is a man saying to a woman before her waiting period is over: ‘I will meet you at the house of the family of so-and-so,’ or ‘I promise to meet you at the house of so-and-so,’ so that he may engage in sexual talk with her and she with him.”

99-/1274 _7- وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) لاٰ تُوٰاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا .قَالَ:«هُوَ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا:أُوَاعِدُكِ بَيْتَ آلِ فُلاَنٍ،أَوْ أَعِدُكِ بَيْتَ فُلاَنٍ.لِتَرْفُثَ وَ يَرْفُثَ مَعَهَا».

99-/1275 - In the narration of ‘Abdullāh ibn Sinān, he said: Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) [said]: “It is when a man says to a woman before her waiting period is over: ‘Our meeting-place is the house of the family of so-and-so,’ then he asks her not to precede him with herself when her waiting period has ended.”

99-/1275 _8- وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،قَالَ:أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا:مَوْعِدُكِ بَيْتُ آلِ فُلاَنٍ.ثُمَّ يَطْلُبُ إِلَيْهَا أَنْ لاَ تَسْبِقَهُ بِنَفْسِهَا،إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا».

99-/1276 - Abū Basīr narrates from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) regarding Allah’s saying: “Do not make a secret engagement with them, except that you speak a proper saying”: “To a woman in her waiting period, you speak to her with beautiful words that make her incline toward you, but you must not say: ‘I will do such-and-such, and I will do such-and-such’—anything indecent regarding sexual matters or any shameful thing.”

99-/1276 _9- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: لاٰ تُوٰاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً .قَالَ:«الْمَرْأَةُ فِي عِدَّتِهَا تَقُولُ لَهَا قَوْلاً جَمِيلاً تُرَغِّبُهَا فِي نَفْسِكَ،وَ لاَ تَقُولُ:إِنِّي أَصْنَعُ كَذَا،وَ أَصْنَعُ كَذَا.

الْقَبِيحَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ فِي الْبُضْعِ،وَ كُلِّ أَمْرٍ قَبِيحٍ».

99-/1277 - He said regarding “except that you speak a proper saying”: “A man says to a woman who is in her waiting period: ‘O woman, I desire nothing but what will please you; when your waiting period has ended, by Allah’s will you will not escape me—so do not precede me with yourself.’ All of this is without determining the knot of marriage.”

99-/1277 _10- عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: إِلاّٰ أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلاً مَعْرُوفاً .

قَالَ:«يَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا:يَا هَذِهِ،لاَ أُحِبُّ إِلاَّ مَا أَسَرَّكِ،وَ لَوْ قَدْ مَضَى عِدَّتُكِ لاَ تَفُوتِينِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ،فَلاَ تَسْبِقِينِي بِنَفْسِكِ.وَ هَذَا كُلُّهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ».

قوله تعالى:

لاٰ جُنٰاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسٰاءَ مٰا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَ مَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَ عَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ مَتٰاعاً بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ[236]

(Quran 2:236 - M. H. Shakir) There is no blame on you if you divorce women when you have not touched them, or appointed for them a portion, and make provision for them, the wealthy according to his means and the straitened in circumstances according to his means, a provision according to usage; a duty on the doers of good.

99-/1278 - About a man who divorces his wife—should he grant her a consolation gift? He said: “Yes. Does he not love to be among the doers of good? Does he not love to be among the Godwary?”

99-/1278 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ،أَ يُمَتِّعُهَا؟قَالَ:«نَعَمْ،أَ مَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ،أَ مَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ؟».

المراجع:

_5) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:387/122.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:387/122.

_6) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:388/122.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:388/122.

_7) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:389/122.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:389/122.

_1) - الكافي 5:1/434.

- al-Kāfī 5:1/434.

[1] البقرة 2:240.

- al-Baqara 2:240.

[2] في المصدر:فلم يجر.

- Fī al-maṣdar: falam yajur.

[3] البقرة 2:226.

- al-Baqara 2:226.

_2) - الكافي 5:2/434.

- al-Kāfī 5:2/434.

_3) - الكافي 5:3/435.

- al-Kāfī 5:3/435.

_4) - الكافي 5:4/435.

- al-Kāfī 5:4/435.

_5) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:390/122.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:390/122.

[1] في«س»:التعرّض للنكاح.

- Fī “S”: al-ta‘arruḍ li-l-nikāḥ.

_6) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:391/123.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:391/123.

_7) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:392/123.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:392/123.

_8) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:393/123.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:393/123.

_9) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:394/123.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:394/123.

_10) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:395/123.

- Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:395/123.

_1) - الكافي 6:1/104.

- al-Kāfī 6:1/104.