S 2 A 130-132

قوله تعالى:

وَ مَنْ يَرْغَبُ عَنْ مِلَّةِ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ إِلاّٰ مَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ وَ لَقَدِ اصْطَفَيْنٰاهُ فِي الدُّنْيٰا وَ إِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصّٰالِحِينَ[130]

إِذْ قٰالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ أَسْلِمْ قٰالَ أَسْلَمْتُ لِرَبِّ الْعٰالَمِينَ[131]

وَ وَصّٰى بِهٰا إِبْرٰاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَ يَعْقُوبُ يٰا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ اصْطَفىٰ لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلاٰ تَمُوتُنَّ إِلاّٰ وَ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ[132]

Qur’an 2:130-132 — And who forsakes the religion of Ibrahim but he who makes himself a fool, and most certainly We chose him in this world, and in the hereafter he is most surely among the righteous.

When his Lord said to him, Be a Muslim, he said: I submit myself to the Lord of the worlds.

And the same did Ibrahim enjoin on his sons and (so did) Yaqoob. O my sons! surely Allah has chosen for you this faith, therefore die not unless you are Muslims. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/646 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الدَّقَّاقُ [1](رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا حَمْزَةُ ابْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْعَلَوِيُّ الْعَبَّاسِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْكُوفِيُّ الْفَزَارِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الزَّيَّاتُ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْأَزْدِيِّ،عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ،عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-فِي حَدِيثٍ لَهُ[ذَكَرَ فِيهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ الَّتِي ابْتَلَى اللَّهُ بِهِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)]-قَالَ: [«ثُمَّ اسْتِجَابَةُ اللَّهُ دَعْوَتَهُ حِينَ قَالَ: رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِ الْمَوْتىٰ [2]وَ هَذِهِ آيَةٌ مُتَشَابِهَةٌ،وَ مَعْنَاهَا أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَنِ الْكَيْفِيَّةِ،وَ الْكَيْفِيَّةُ مِنْ فِعْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، مَتَى لَمْ يَعْلَمْهَا الْعَالِمُ لَمْ يَلْحَقْهُ عَيْبٌ،وَ لاَ عَرَضَ فِي تَوْحِيدِهِ نَقْصٌ،فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَ وَ لَمْ تُؤْمِنْ قٰالَ بَلىٰ [3].

هَذِهِ شَرْطٌ عَامٌّ،لِمَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ،مَتَى سُئِلَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ:أَ وَ لَمْ تُؤْمِنْ؟وَجَبَ أَنْ يَقُولَ:بَلَى،كَمَا قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، وَ لَمَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِجَمِيعِ أَرْوَاحِ بَنِي آدَمَ: أَ لَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قٰالُوا بَلىٰ [4]،كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَالَ بَلَى، مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَصَارَ بِسَبْقِهِ إِلَى بَلَى سَيِّدَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ،وَ أَفْضَلَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ،فَمَنْ لَمْ يُجِبْ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ بِجَوَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَقَدْ رَغِبَ عَنْ مِلَّتِهِ]،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ يَرْغَبُ عَنْ مِلَّةِ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ إِلاّٰ مَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ .

ثُمَّ اصْطِفَاءُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِيَّاهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا،ثُمَّ شَهَادَتُهُ لَهُ فِي الْعَاقِبَةِ أَنَّهُ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَقَدِ اصْطَفَيْنٰاهُ فِي الدُّنْيٰا وَ إِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصّٰالِحِينَ .وَ الصَّالِحُونَ هُمُ النَّبِيُّ وَ الْأَئِمَّةُ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)،الْآخِذُونَ عَنِ اللَّهِ أَمْرَهُ وَ نَهْيَهُ،وَ الْمُلْتَمِسُونَ الصَّلاَحَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ،وَ الْمُجْتَنِبُونَ لِلرَّأْيِ وَ الْقِيَاسِ فِي دِينِهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِذْ قٰالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ أَسْلِمْ قٰالَ أَسْلَمْتُ لِرَبِّ الْعٰالَمِينَ .

ثُمَّ اقْتِدَاءٌ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)بِهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:

99-/646 _1- Ibn Babawayh said: Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Imran al-Daqqaq [1] (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us; he said: Hamzah ibn al-Qasim al-‘Alawi al-‘Abbasi narrated to us; he said: Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Malik al-Kufi al-Fazari narrated to us; he said: Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Zayd al-Zayyat, from Muhammad ibn Ziyad al-Azdi, from al-Mufaddal ibn ‘Umar, from al-Sadiq Ja‘far ibn Muhammad (peace be upon him)—in a narration of his [in which he mentioned the words with which Allah tried Ibrahim (peace be upon him)]—he said: “Then came Allah’s response to his supplication when he said: My Lord! show me how Thou givest life to the dead [2]. This is an ambiguous verse, and its meaning is that he asked about the modality (the manner). The modality is among the acts of Allah, Mighty and Majestic; whenever a knowledgeable person does not know it, no fault attaches to him, nor does any deficiency enter his monotheism. So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: What! and do you not believe? He said: Yea [3].

“This is a general requirement for whoever believes in Him: whenever one of them is asked, ‘What! and do you not believe?’ he must say, ‘Yea,’ just as Ibrahim (peace be upon him) said. And when Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said to all the spirits of the children of Adam: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yea [4], the first to say ‘Yea’ was Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family). By preceding to ‘Yea’ he became the master of the former and the latter, and the most excellent of the prophets and messengers. So whoever does not answer this question with the answer of Ibrahim has indeed turned away from his creed.” Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And who forsakes the religion of Ibrahim but he who makes himself a fool.

“Then [He mentions] Allah’s choosing him in this world, and then His testimony for him in the end that he is among the righteous in His saying, Mighty and Majestic: And most certainly We chose him in this world, and in the hereafter he is most surely among the righteous. The righteous are the Prophet and the Imams (blessings of Allah be upon them), those who receive from Allah His command and His prohibition, who seek rectitude from Him, and who avoid opinion and analogy in His religion—[as in] His saying, Mighty and Majestic: When his Lord said to him, Be a Muslim, he said: I submit myself to the Lord of the worlds.

“Then, after him, the prophets (peace be upon them) followed his example in His saying, Mighty and Majestic:”

_1) - الخصال:84/308.

al-Khisal: 84/308.

[1] في المصدر:عليّ بن أحمد بن موسى،و كلاهما من مشايخ الصدوق،و لا يبعد اتّحادهما،انظر معجم رجال الحديث 11:254 و 255.

fi al-masdar: ‘Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Musa, and both are among al-Saduq’s shaykhs, and it is not far-fetched that they are the same person; see Mu‘jam Rijal al-Hadith 11:254–255.

[2] [3] البقرة 2:260.

[2] [3] al-Baqara 2:260.

[4] الأعراف 7:172.

[4] al-A‘raf 7:172.

قوله تعالى:

وَ وَصّٰى بِهٰا إِبْرٰاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَ يَعْقُوبُ يٰا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ اصْطَفىٰ لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلاٰ تَمُوتُنَّ إِلاّٰ وَ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ

Qur’an 2:132 — And the same did Ibrahim enjoin on his sons and (so did) Yaqoob. O my sons! surely Allah has chosen for you this faith, therefore die not unless you are Muslims. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/647 _2- ابْنُ شَهْرَآشُوبَ وَ غَيْرُهُ،عَنْ صَاحِبِ(شَرْحِ الْأَخْبَارِ)قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى:

وَ وَصّٰى بِهٰا إِبْرٰاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَ يَعْقُوبُ يٰا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ اصْطَفىٰ لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلاٰ تَمُوتُنَّ إِلاّٰ وَ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ قَالَ:«بِوَلاَيَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [1]».

99-/647 _2- Ibn Shahrashub and others, from the author of Sharh al-Akhbar: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Exalted is He: And the same did Ibrahim enjoin on his sons and (so did) Yaqoob. O my sons! surely Allah has chosen for you this faith, therefore die not unless you are Muslims—said: “By the wilayah of ‘Ali (peace be upon him) [1].”

قوله تعالى:

أَمْ كُنْتُمْ شُهَدٰاءَ إِذْ حَضَرَ يَعْقُوبَ الْمَوْتُ إِذْ قٰالَ لِبَنِيهِ مٰا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ بَعْدِي قٰالُوا نَعْبُدُ إِلٰهَكَ -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ نَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ[133]

Qur’an 2:133 — Nay! were you witnesses when death visited Yaqoob, when he said to his sons: What will you serve after me? They said: We will serve your God and the God of your fathers, Ibrahim and Ismail and Ishaq, one God only, and to Him do we submit. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/648 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ جَابِرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مِنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: إِذْ قٰالَ لِبَنِيهِ مٰا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ بَعْدِي قٰالُوا نَعْبُدُ إِلٰهَكَ وَ إِلٰهَ آبٰائِكَ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ وَ إِسْمٰاعِيلَ وَ إِسْحٰاقَ إِلٰهاً وٰاحِداً ،قَالَ:«جَرَتْ فِي الْقَائِمِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/648 _3- Al-‘Ayyashi: from Jabir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about the exegesis of this verse from the word of Allah: When he said to his sons: What will you serve after me? They said: We will serve your God and the God of your fathers, Ibrahim and Isma‘il and Ishaq, one God only. He said: “It applies to the Qa’im (peace be upon him).”

قوله تعالى:

وَ قٰالُوا كُونُوا هُوداً أَوْ نَصٰارىٰ تَهْتَدُوا قُلْ بَلْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرٰاهِيمَ حَنِيفاً وَ مٰا كٰانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ[135]

Qur’an 2:135 — And they say: Be Jews or Christians, you will be on the right course. Say: Nay! (We follow) the religion of Ibrahim, the Hanif, and he was not one of the polytheists. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/649 _4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «إِنَّ الْحَنِيفِيَّةَ هِيَ الْإِسْلاَمُ».

99-/649 _4- Al-‘Ayyashi: from al-Walid, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: “Indeed, al-hanifiyyah is Islam.”

99-/650 _5- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «مَا أَبْقَتِ الْحَنِيفِيَّةُ شَيْئاً،حَتَّى إِنَّ مِنْهَا قَصَّ الشَّارِبِ وَ قَلْمَ الْأَظْفَارِ وَ الْخِتَانَ».

99-/650 _5- From Zurara, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): “Al-hanifiyyah has left nothing unaddressed—even among it are trimming the mustache, clipping the nails, and circumcision.”

99-/651 _6- الي بن إبراهيم:أنزل اللّه تعالى على إبراهيم(عليه السلام)الحنيفية،و هي الطهارة،و هي عشرة أشياء:

99-/651 _6- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: Allah, Exalted be He, sent down to Ibrahim (peace be upon him) al-hanifiyyah, which is purification, and it consists of ten things:

_2) - المناقب 3:95،شرح الأخبار 1:238/236.

al-Manaqib 3:95; Sharh al-Akhbar 1:238/236.

_3) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:102/61.

Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:102/61.

_4) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:103/61.

Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:103/61.

_5) - تفسير العيّاشي 1:104/61.

Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:104/61.

_6) - تفسير القمّيّ 1:59.

Tafsir al-Qummi 1:59.

[1] في المناقب:لولاية علي(عليه السّلام)،و في شرح الأخبار:مسلمون بولاية عليّ(عليه السّلام)

[1] fi al-Manaqib: li-wilayati ‘Ali (alayhi al-salam); wa fi Sharh al-Akhbar: muslimun bi-wilayati ‘Ali (alayhi al-salam).