Al-Anbiya Ayah 30

الأنبياء آيه 30

أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ كٰانَتٰا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنٰاهُمٰا وَ جَعَلْنٰا مِنَ الْمٰاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَ فَلاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them? And We have made of water everything living. Will they not then believe?

لِأَهْلِ الْكَبَائِرِ مِنْ أُمَّتِي،فَأَمَّا الْمُحْسِنُونَ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ».

Translation: For the people of major sins from my community; as for those who do good among them, there is no way (of blame) against them.

قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ:فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،فَكَيْفَ تَكُونُ الشَّفَاعَةُ لِأَهْلِ الْكَبَائِرِ،وَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ يَقُولُ:

وَ لاٰ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاّٰ لِمَنِ ارْتَضىٰ وَ مَنْ يَرْتَكِبُ الْكَبَائِرَ لاَ يَكُونُ مُرْتَضًى بِهِ؟

Qur’an 21:28 (M. H. Shakir): And they do not intercede except for him whom He approves, and they are fearful for His awe.

Translation: Ibn Abi ‘Umayr said: So I said to him: O son of the Messenger of Allah, how can intercession be for the people of major sins while Allah—exalted is His mention—says: “And they do not intercede except for him whom He approves” (21:28), and whoever commits major sins is not one with whom He is pleased?

فَقَالَ:«يَا أَبَا أَحْمَدَ،مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يَرْتَكِبُ ذَنْباً إِلاَّ سَاءَهُ ذَلِكَ،وَ نَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ،وَ قَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):كَفَى بِالنَّدَمِ تَوْبَةً.وَ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):مَنْ سَرَّتْهُ حَسَنَتُهُ وَ سَاءَتْهُ سَيِّئَتُهُ فَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ.فَمَنْ لَمْ يَنْدَمْ عَلَى ذَنْبٍ يَرْتَكِبُهُ فَلَيْسَ بِمُؤْمِنٍ،وَ لَمْ تَجِبْ لَهُ الشَّفَاعَةُ،وَ كَانَ ظَالِماً،وَ اللَّهُ-تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ-يَقُولُ: مٰا لِلظّٰالِمِينَ مِنْ حَمِيمٍ وَ لاٰ شَفِيعٍ يُطٰاعُ [1]».

Translation: He said: O Aba Ahmad, no believer commits a sin but that it grieves him and he regrets it. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Regret is sufficient as repentance. And he (peace be upon him) said: Whoever is pleased by his good deed and saddened by his bad deed is a believer. So whoever does not regret a sin he commits is not a believer; intercession is not due to him; and he is unjust. And Allah—exalted is His mention—says: “The unjust shall have no compassionate friend nor any intercessor who should be obeyed.” [1]

[1] غافر 40:18

Ghafir 40:18

فَقُلْتُ لَهُ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،وَ كَيْفَ لاَ يَكُونُ مُؤْمِناً مَنْ لَمْ يَنْدَمْ عَلَى ذَنْبٍ يَرْتَكِبُهُ؟

Translation: I said to him: O son of the Messenger of Allah, how is one who does not regret a sin he commits not a believer?

فَقَالَ:«يَا أَبَا أَحْمَدَ،مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَرْتَكِبُ كَبِيرَةً مِنَ الْمَعَاصِي،وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ سَيُعَاقَبُ عَلَيْهَا إِلاَّ نَدِمَ عَلَى مَا ارْتَكَبَ،وَ مَتَى نَدِمَ كَانَ تَائِباً مُسْتَحِقّاً لِلشَّفَاعَةِ،وَ مَتَى لَمْ يَنْدَمْ عَلَيْهَا كَانَ مُصِرّاً،وَ الْمُصِرُّ لاَ يُغْفَرُ لَهُ لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُؤْمِنٍ بِعُقُوبَةِ مَا ارْتَكَبَ،وَ لَوْ كَانَ مُؤْمِناً بِالْعُقُوبَةِ لَنَدِمَ،وَ قَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لاَ كَبِيرَةَ مَعَ الاِسْتِغْفَارِ،وَ لاَ صَغِيرَةَ مَعَ الْإِصْرَارِ.

Translation: He said: O Aba Ahmad, no one commits a major sin while knowing that he will be punished for it except that he regrets what he has committed. When he regrets, he is repentant and deserving of intercession; and when he does not regret it, he is one who persists, and the one who persists is not forgiven because he does not believe in the punishment for what he has committed. If he believed in the punishment, he would regret it. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: There is no major sin with seeking forgiveness, and there is no minor sin with persistence.

وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لاٰ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاّٰ لِمَنِ ارْتَضىٰ ،فَإِنَّهُمْ لاَ يَشْفَعُونَ إِلاَّ لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى اللَّهُ دِينَهُ، وَ الدِّينُ:اَلْإِقْرَارُ بِالْجَزَاءِ عَلَى الْحَسَنَاتِ وَ السَّيِّئَاتِ،فَمَنِ ارْتَضَى اللَّهُ دِينَهُ نَدِمَ عَلَى مَا ارْتَكَبَهُ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ لِمَعْرِفَتِهِ بِمُعَاقَبَتِهِ [2] فِي الْقِيَامَةِ».

Qur’an 21:28 (M. H. Shakir): And they do not intercede except for him whom He approves, and they are fearful for His awe.

Translation: As for the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And they do not intercede except for him whom He approves” (21:28), they intercede only for one whose religion Allah approves; and religion is acknowledgment of recompense for good deeds and bad deeds. So one whose religion Allah approves regrets what he has committed of sins because he knows he will be punished [2] in the Resurrection.

[2] في المصدر:بعاقبته

fi al-masdar: bi-‘aqibatihi

قوله تعالى:

وَ مَنْ يَقُلْ مِنْهُمْ إِنِّي إِلٰهٌ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَذٰلِكَ نَجْزِيهِ جَهَنَّمَ كَذٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الظّٰالِمِينَ [29]

Qur’an 21:29 (M. H. Shakir): And whoever of them should say: Surely I am a god besides Him, such a one do We recompense with hell; thus do We recompense the unjust.

_1-علي بن إبراهيم،قال:قال:من زعم أنّه إمام و ليس هو بإمام.

Translation: Ali ibn Ibrahim said: He said: Whoever claims that he is an Imam while he is not an Imam.

قوله تعالى:

أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ كٰانَتٰا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنٰاهُمٰا

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:69.

Tafsir al-Qummi 2:69.

[1] غافر 40:18

Ghafir 40:18

[2] في المصدر:بعاقبته.

fi al-masdar: bi-‘aqibatihi.

وَ جَعَلْنٰا مِنَ الْمٰاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَ فَلاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ [30]

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): And We have made of water everything living. Will they not then believe?

99-/7133

_1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ،قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ مِنْ عُلَمَائِهِمْ،فَقَالَ:يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ جِئْتُ أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ قَدْ أَعْيَتْ عَلَيَّ أَنْ أَجِدَ أَحَداً يُفَسِّرُهَا،وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا ثَلاَثَةَ أَصْنَافٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ كُلُّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهُمْ شَيْئاً غَيْرَ الَّذِي قَالَ الصِّنْفُ الْآخَرُ،فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«مَا ذَاكَ؟».

قَالَ:إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ أَوَّلِ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ،فَإِنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ سَأَلْتُهُ قَالَ:اَلْقَدَرُ؛وَ قَالَ:بَعْضُهُمْ:اَلْقَلَمُ؛وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ الرُّوحُ.

فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«مَا قَالُوا شَيْئاً،أُخْبِرُكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى كَانَ وَ لاَ شَيْءَ غَيْرُهُ،وَ كَانَ عَزِيزاً وَ لاَ أَحَدَ كَانَ قَبْلَ عِزِّهِ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: سُبْحٰانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ عَمّٰا يَصِفُونَ [1]وَ كَانَ الْخَالِقُ قَبْلَ الْمَخْلُوقِ،وَ لَوْ كَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا خَلَقَ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ الشَّيْءَ مِنَ الشَّيْءِ إِذَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ انْقِطَاعٌ أَبَداً،وَ لَمْ يَزَلِ اللَّهُ إِذَنْ وَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ لَيْسَ هُوَ يتَقَدَّمُهُ،وَ لَكِنَّهُ كَانَ إِذْ لاَ شَيْءَ غَيْرُهُ،وَ خَلَقَ الشَّيْءَ الَّذِي جَمِيعُ الْأَشْيَاءِ مِنْهُ.وَ هُوَ(الْمَاءُ)الَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَشْيَاءَ مِنْهُ،فَجَعَلَ نَسَبَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَى الْمَاءِ،وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِلْمَاءِ نَسَباً يُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ.

وَ خَلَقَ الرِّيحَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ،ثُمَّ سَلَّطَ الرِّيحَ عَلَى الْمَاءِ،فَشَقَّقَتِ الرِّيحُ مَتْنَ الْمَاءِ حَتَّى ثَارَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ زَبَدٌ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَثُورَ،فَخَلَقَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الزَّبَدِ أَرْضاً بَيْضَاءَ نَقِيَّةً لَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدْعٌ وَ لاَ نَقْبٌ وَ لاَ صُعُودٌ وَ لاَ هُبُوطٌ،وَ لاَ شَجَرَةٌ، ثُمَّ طَوَاهَا فَوَضَعَهَا فَوْقَ الْمَاءِ،ثُمَّ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ النَّارَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ،فَشَقَّقَتِ النَّارُ مَتْنَ الْمَاءِ حَتَّى ثَارَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ دُخَانٌ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَثُورَ،فَخَلَقَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الدُّخَانِ سَمَاءً صَافِيَةً نَقِيَّةً لَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدْعٌ وَ لاَ نَقْبٌ،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: اَلسَّمٰاءُ بَنٰاهٰا * رَفَعَ سَمْكَهٰا فَسَوّٰاهٰا* وَ أَغْطَشَ لَيْلَهٰا وَ أَخْرَجَ ضُحٰاهٰا [2].قَالَ:وَ لاَ شَمْسٌ،وَ لاَ قَمَرٌ،وَ لاَ نُجُومٌ،وَ لاَ سَحَابٌ،ثُمَّ طَوَاهَا فَوَضَعَهَا فَوْقَ الْأَرْضِ،ثُمَّ نَسَبَ [3] الْخِلْقَتَيْنِ فَرَفَعَ السَّمَاءَ قَبْلَ الْأَرْضِ،فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ: وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ دَحٰاهٰا [4]يَقُولُ:بَسَطَهَا».

Translation: Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub—from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, from Muhammad ibn Dawud, from Muhammad ibn ‘Attiyah—said: A man from the people of Sham, one of their scholars, came to Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) and said: O Aba Ja‘far, I have come to ask you about a matter for which I have been unable to find anyone to explain it. I asked three classes of people about it, and each class said something different from what the other said. Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said to him: What is that? He said: I ask you about the first thing Allah created of His creation. Some of those I asked said: Decree; some said: the Pen; and some said: the Spirit. Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: They have said nothing. I inform you that Allah, blessed and exalted, was when there was nothing else; He was Mighty and there was none before His might, and that is His saying: “Glory be to your Lord, the Lord of Honor, above what they describe.” [1] The Creator was before the created. Had the first thing He created of His creation been a thing from a thing, then it would never cease, and Allah would always have had with Him something that did not precede Him. Rather, He was when there was nothing else, and He created the thing from which all things were made. And it is water, from which He created the things; so He made the lineage of every thing to the water, and He did not make for the water any lineage to which it is ascribed. And He created the wind from the water; then He empowered the wind over the water, so the wind split the back of the water until foam arose from the water to the extent Allah willed to arise. He created from that foam a white, pure earth in which there was no crack, nor fissure, nor ascent, nor descent, and no tree. Then He folded it up and placed it upon the water. Then Allah created fire from the water; the fire split the back of the water until smoke arose from the water to the extent Allah willed to arise. He created from that smoke a sky, clear and pure, in which there was no crack nor fissure; and that is His saying: “The heaven, He raised its height then made it even; and He made its night dark and brought forth its radiance.” [2] He said: There was no sun, nor moon, nor stars, nor cloud. Then He folded it and placed it above the earth, then He related [3] the two creations: He raised the heaven before the earth, and that is His saying—exalted is His mention: “And the earth, He expanded it after that,” [4] meaning: He spread it.

[1] الصافّات 37:180

as-Saffat 37:180

[2] النازعات 79:28-29

an-Nazi‘at 79:28-29

[3] في نسخة من«ط»زيادة:إلى.

fi nuskhat min “T” ziyadah: ila.

[4] النازعات 79:30

an-Nazi‘at 79:30

فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّامِيُّ:يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ،قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ كٰانَتٰا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنٰاهُمٰا ؟

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?

فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«فَلَعَلَّكَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَتَا رَتْقاً مُتَلاَزِقَتَيْنِ مُتَلاَصِقَتَيْنِ فَفُتِقَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا مِنَ الْأُخْرَى؟».فَقَالَ:نَعَمْ.

فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«اسْتَغْفِرْ رَبَّكَ،فَإِنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: كٰانَتٰا رَتْقاً يَقُولُ كَانَتِ السَّمَاءُ رَتْقاً لاَ تُنْزِلُ الْمَطَرَ،وَ كَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ رَتْقاً لاَ تُنْبِتُ الْحَبَّ،فَلَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى الْخَلْقَ،وَ بَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ،فَتَقَ السَّمَاءَ بِالْمَطَرِ،وَ الْأَرْضَ بِنَبَاتِ الْحَبِّ».

Translation: The man of Sham said to him: O Aba Ja‘far, the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?” (21:30). Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said to him: Perhaps you suppose that they were closed up, stuck together, joined, and then one of them was split from the other? He said: Yes. Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: Seek forgiveness of your Lord, for the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic—“were closed up”—means: the heaven was closed up, not sending down rain, and the earth was closed up, not bringing forth grain. When Allah, blessed and exalted, created the creatures and spread within it every moving thing, He opened the heaven with rain and the earth with the sprouting of grain. The man of Sham said: I bear witness that you are of the progeny of the Prophets and that your knowledge is their knowledge.

99-/7134

_2- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ الثُّمَالِيِّ،وَ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ،عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ،قَالَ: حَجَجْنَا مَعَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فِي السَّنَةِ الَّتِي حَجَّ فِيهَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ،وَ كَانَ مَعَهُ نَافِعٌ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ،فَنَظَرَ نَافِعٌ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فِي رُكْنِ الْبَيْتِ، وَ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ نَافِعٌ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،مَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي قَدْ تَدَاكَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ؟فَقَالَ:هَذَا نَبِيُّ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ،هَذَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ.فَقَالَ:أَشْهَدُ لَآتِيَنَّهُ فَلَأَسْأَلَنَّهُ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ لاَ يُجِيبُنِي فِيهَا إِلاَّ نَبِيٌّ،أَوِ ابْنُ نَبِيٍّ،أَوْ وَصِيُّ نَبِيٍّ.

قَالَ:فَاذْهَبْ إِلَيْهِ وَ سَلْهُ لَعَلَّكَ تُخْجِلُهُ.فَجَاءَ نَافِعٌ حَتَّى اتَّكَأَ عَلَى النَّاسِ،ثُمَّ أَشْرَفَ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، فَقَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ،إِنِّي قَرَأْتُ التَّوْرَاةَ وَ الْإِنْجِيلَ وَ الزَّبُورَ وَ الْفُرْقَانَ،وَ قَدْ عَرَفْتُ حَلاَلَهَا وَ حَرَامَهَا،وَ قَدْ جِئْتُ أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ لاَ يُجِيبُ فِيهَا إِلاَّ نَبِيٌّ أَوْ وَصِيُّ نَبِيٍّ أَوِ ابْنُ نَبِيٍّ.قَالَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)رَأْسَهُ.فَقَالَ:«سَلْ عَمَّا بَدَا لَكَ».وَ ذَكَرَ الْمَسَائِلَ،وَ أَجَابَهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْهَا،فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلَهُ أَنْ قَالَ لَهُ:أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:

أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ كٰانَتٰا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنٰاهُمٰا ؟

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?

فَقَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَهْبَطَ آدَمَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ كَانَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ رَتْقاً لاَ تَمْطُرُ شَيْئاً،وَ كَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ رَتْقاً لاَ تُنْبِتُ شَيْئاً،فَلَمَّا تَابَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى آدَمَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَمَرَ السَّمَاءَ فَتَقَطَّرَتْ بِالْغَمَامِ،ثُمَّ أَمَرَهَا فَأَرْخَتْ عَزَالِيَهَا [1]،ثُمَّ أَمَرَ الْأَرْضَ فَأَنْبَتَتِ الْأَشْجَارَ،وَ أَثْمَرَتِ الثِّمَارَ،وَ تَفَهَّقَتْ [2] بِالْأَنْهَارِ،فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ رَتْقَهَا وَ هَذَا فَتْقَهَا».فَقَالَ نَافِعٌ:صَدَقْتَ،يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ.

Translation: He said: We performed Hajj with Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) in the year in which Hisham ibn ‘Abd al-Malik performed Hajj, and with him was Nafi‘, the freedman of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab. Nafi‘ looked at Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) at the corner of the House, and people had thronged around him. Nafi‘ said: O Commander of the Faithful, who is this at whom the people are crowding? He said: This is the “prophet” of the people of Kufa; this is Muhammad ibn ‘Ali. He said: I swear I will go to him and ask him about questions none but a prophet, or the son of a prophet, or the legatee of a prophet can answer. He said: Then go to him and ask him; perhaps you will embarrass him. Nafi‘ came, leaning over the people until he overlooked Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) and said: O Muhammad ibn ‘Ali, I have read the Torah, the Gospel, the Psalms, and the Furqan, and I have known their lawful and unlawful. I have come to ask you about questions none answers except a prophet, or a prophet’s legatee, or a prophet’s son. Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) raised his head and said: Ask whatever you wish. He mentioned the questions, and he (peace be upon him) answered them. Among what he asked him was: Inform me about the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?” (21:30). He (peace be upon him) said: Allah, blessed and exalted, sent Adam down to the earth, and the heavens were closed up, not raining anything, and the earth was closed up, not growing anything. When Allah, Mighty and Majestic, accepted Adam’s (peace be upon him) repentance, He commanded the heaven and it dripped with clouds; then He commanded it and it let down its waterspouts [1]; then He commanded the earth and it produced trees, bore fruits, and was filled [2] with rivers. That was their being closed and this is their being opened. Nafi‘ said: You have spoken the truth, O son of the Messenger of Allah. And I have mentioned the hadith in full in Surat al-A‘raf, in His saying: “And the inmates of the fire shall call out to the dwellers of the garden: Pour on us some water...” (7:50).

[1] العزالي

al-‘azali: plural of al-‘azla’, the spout from which water is poured (of a water-skin and the like). “The heaven let down its waterspouts” means it poured forth rain.

[2] الفهق

al-fahaq: fullness, being filled.

[3] تقدّم في الحديث(31)من تفسير الآية(46-50)من سورة الأعراف.

taqaddama fi al-hadith (31) min tafsir al-ayah (46–50) min Surat al-A‘raf.

99-/7135

_3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ،عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: خَرَجَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ حَاجّاً وَ مَعَهُ الْأَبْرَشُ الْكَلْبِيُّ،فَلَقِيَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ،فَقَالَ هِشَامٌ لِلْأَبْرَشِ:تَعْرِفُ هَذَا؟قَالَ:لاَ.قَالَ:هَذَا الَّذِي تَزْعُمُ الشِّيعَةُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ عِلْمِهِ،فَقَالَ الْأَبْرَشُ:لَأَسْأَلَنَّهُ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ لاَ يُجِيبُنِي فِيهَا إِلاَّ نَبِيٌّ أَوْ وَصِيُّ نَبِيٍّ.فَقَالَ هِشَامٌ:وَدِدْتُ أَنَّكَ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ.

فَلَقِيَ الْأَبْرَشُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ كٰانَتٰا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنٰاهُمٰا ؛فَبِمَا كَانَ رَتْقُهُمَا،وَ بِمَا كَانَ فَتْقُهُمَا؟

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?

فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«يَا أَبْرَشُ،هُوَ كَمَا وَصَفَ نَفْسَهُ،وَ كَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ،وَ الْمَاءُ عَلَى الْهَوَاءِ، وَ الْهَوَاءُ لاَ يُحَدُّ،وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَلْقٌ غَيْرُهُمَا،وَ الْمَاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ،فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْأَرْضَ أَمَرَ الرِّيَاحَ فَضَرَبَتِ الْمَاءَ حَتَّى صَارَ مَوْجاً،ثُمَّ أَزْبَدَ فَصَارَ زَبَداً وَاحِداً،فَجَمَعَهُ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْبَيْتِ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَهُ جَبَلاً مِنْ زَبَدٍ،ثُمَّ دَحَا الْأَرْضَ مِنْ تَحْتِهِ،فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنّٰاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبٰارَكاً [1]ثُمَّ مَكَثَ الرَّبُّ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى مَا شَاءَ،فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّمَاءَ أَمَرَ الرِّيَاحَ فَضَرَبَتِ الْبُحُورَ،حَتَّى أَزْبَدَتْهَا،فَخَرَجَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْجِ وَ الزَّبَدِ،مِنْ وَسْطِهِ دُخَانٌ سَاطِعٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ نَارٍ،فَخَلَقَ مِنْهُ السَّمَاءَ،وَ جَعَلَ فِيهَا الْبُرُوجَ وَ النُّجُومَ وَ مَنَازِلَ الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ،وَ أَجْرَاهَا فِي الْفَلَكِ،وَ كَانَتِ السَّمَاءُ خَضْرَاءَ عَلَى لَوْنِ الْمَاءِ الْأَخْضَرِ،وَ كَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ غَبْرَاءَ عَلَى لَوْنِ الْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ،وَ كَانَتَا مُرْتَقَتَيْنِ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا أَبْوَابٌ،وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْأَرْضِ أَبْوَابٌ،وَ هِيَ النَّبْتُ،وَ لَمْ تَمْطُرِ السَّمَاءُ عَلَيْهَا فَتُنْبِتَ، فَفَتَقَ السَّمَاءَ بِالْمَطَرِ،وَ فَتَقَ الْأَرْضَ بِالنَّبَاتِ،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ كٰانَتٰا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنٰاهُمٰا .

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?

فَقَالَ الْأَبْرَشُ:وَ اللَّهِ مَا حَدَّثَنِي بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَحَدٌ قَطُّ،أَعِدْ عَلَيَّ،فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ،وَ كَانَ الْأَبْرَشُ مُلْحِداً فَقَالَ:أَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ،وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ ابْنُ نَبِيٍّ.قَالَهَا ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ.

Translation: Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from ‘Ali ibn al-Hakam, from Sayf ibn ‘Umayrah, from Abu Bakr al-Hadrami, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): Hisham ibn ‘Abd al-Malik went out for Hajj and with him was al-Abrash al-Kalbi. They met Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) in the Sacred Mosque. Hisham said to al-Abrash: Do you know this? He said: No. He said: This is the one whom the Shia claim is a prophet due to the abundance of his knowledge. Al-Abrash said: I will ask him about questions none can answer but a prophet or a prophet’s legatee. Hisham said: I wish you would do that. Al-Abrash met Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) and said: O Abu ‘Abdillah, inform me about the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?”—by what were they closed, and by what were they opened? Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: O Abrash, it is as He described Himself. His Throne was upon the water, and the water upon the air, and the air is without limit; and on that day there was no creation other than them. The water that day was sweet and fresh. When Allah wanted to create the earth, He commanded the winds, and they struck the water until it became waves; then it foamed and became a single foam. He gathered it in the place of the House (Ka‘bah), then made it a mountain of foam, then spread the earth from beneath it. Allah, blessed and exalted, said: “Most surely the first house appointed for men is the one at Bekka, blessed...” [1] He then remained as He willed. When He wanted to create the heaven, He commanded the winds and they struck the seas until they made them foam, and from that wave and foam there emerged from its midst a bright smoke without fire. From it He created the heaven, and He placed in it the constellations and the stars and the stations of the sun and the moon, and He made them flow in the firmament. The heaven was green, like the color of green water, and the earth was dusky, like the color of fresh water. They were both closed, having no “doors”—and the “doors” of the earth are vegetation—and the heaven had not rained upon it to make it grow. So He opened the heaven with rain and opened the earth with vegetation. That is His saying: “Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?” (21:30). Al-Abrash said: By Allah, no one has ever narrated to me the like of this account. Repeat it to me. So he repeated it to him. Al-Abrash had been an atheist; he said: I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and I bear witness that you are the son of a Prophet—three times.

[1] آل عمران 3:96

Al ‘Imran 3:96

99-/7136

_4- الْمُفِيدُ فِي(الْإِخْتِصَاصِ)قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ،عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ)،قَالَ: «جَاءَ يَهُودِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فَقَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،أَنْتَ الَّذِي تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَ أَنَّهُ أَوْحَى إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَى إِلَى مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ؟قَالَ:نَعَمْ،أَنَا سَيِّدُ وُلْدِ آدَمَ وَ لاَ فَخْرَ،أَنَا خَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ،وَ إِمَامُ الْمُتَّقِينَ،وَ رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ.

فَقَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،إِلَى الْعَرَبِ أُرْسِلْتَ،أَمْ إِلَى الْعَجَمِ،أَمْ إِلَيْنَا؟قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ كَافَّةً.وَ سَأَلَهُ الْيَهُودِيُّ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ،وَ أَجَابَهُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَنْهَا،وَ فِي كُلِّ جَوَابِ مَسْأَلَةٍ يَقُولُ الْيَهُودِيُّ لَهُ:

صَدَقْتَ.فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلَهُ أَنْ قَالَ:أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ فَضْلِكَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّينَ،وَ فَضْلِ عَشِيرَتِكَ عَلَى النَّاسِ.

فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):أَمَّا فَضْلِي عَلَى النَّبِيِّينَ فَمَا مِنْ نَبِيٍّ إِلاَّ دَعَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ،وَ أَنَا أَخَّرْتُ [1] دَعْوَتِي شَفَاعَةً لِأُمَّتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ،وَ أَمَّا فَضْلُ عَشِيرَتِي وَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي وَ ذُرِّيَّتِي كَفَضْلِ الْمَاءِ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ،وَ بِالْمَاءِ يَبْقَى كُلُّ شَيْءٍ،وَ يَحْيَا،كَمَا قَالَ رَبِّي تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: وَ جَعَلْنٰا مِنَ الْمٰاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَ فَلاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ ،وَ بِمَحَبَّةِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي وَ عَشِيرَتِي وَ ذُرِّيَّتِي يُسْتَكْمَلُ الدِّينُ.قَالَ:صَدَقْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ».

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): And We have made of water everything living. Will they not then believe?

Translation: Al-Mufid in al-Ikhtisas said: ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, who said: al-Husayn ibn Mihran narrated to us, who said: al-Husayn ibn ‘Abdillah narrated to me, from his father, from his grandfather, from Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, from his father, from his grandfather al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (blessings of Allah upon them), who said: A Jew came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and said: O Muhammad, are you the one who claims that you are the Messenger of Allah and that He has revealed to you as He revealed to Musa son of ‘Imran? He said: Yes. I am the master of the children of Adam—and no boast. I am the Seal of the Prophets, the Imam of the Godwary, and the Messenger of the Lord of the worlds. He said: O Muhammad, were you sent to the Arabs, or to the non-Arabs, or to us? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: I am the Messenger of Allah to all people. The Jew asked him about questions, and he (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) answered them; and after every answer the Jew would say to him: You have spoken the truth. Among what he asked him was that he said: Inform me about your superiority over the prophets and the superiority of your clan over the people. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: As for my superiority over the prophets, there is no prophet but that he supplicated against his people, whereas I have deferred [1] my supplication as intercession for my community on the Day of Resurrection. And as for the superiority of my clan, my household, and my progeny, it is like the superiority of water over everything; by water everything remains and lives—as my Lord, blessed and exalted, said: “And We have made of water everything living. Will they not then believe?” (21:30). And by the love of my household, my clan, and my progeny the religion is perfected. He said: You have spoken the truth, O Muhammad.

[1] في المصدر:اخترت.

fi al-masdar: ikhtartu.

99-/7137

_5- عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ،عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ جَالِساً إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ طَعْمِ الْمَاءِ،وَ كَانُوا يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُ زِنْدِيقٌ،فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَصُوبُ [2] فِيهِ وَ يَصْعَدُ،ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ:«وَيْلَكَ،طَعْمُ الْمَاءِ طَعْمُ الْحَيَاةِ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ جَعَلْنٰا مِنَ الْمٰاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَ فَلاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ ».

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): And We have made of water everything living. Will they not then believe?

Translation: ‘Abdullah ibn Ja‘far al-Himyari, with his chain from al-Husayn ibn ‘Alwan, from Ja‘far (peace be upon him), said: I was sitting with him when a man came and asked him about the taste of water, and they thought he was a heretic. Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) began lowering [2] and raising (his head), then said to him: Woe to you! The taste of water is the taste of life. Indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: “And We have made of water everything living. Will they not then believe?” (21:30).

[2] صوب

sawwaba ra’sahu: he lowered his head.

99-/7138

_6- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:رَوَى الْعَيَّاشِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ،قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ طَعْمِ الْمَاءِ،فَقَالَ:«سَلْ تَفَقُّهاً وَ لاَ تَسْأَلْ تَعَنُّتاً [3]،طَعْمُ الْمَاءِ طَعْمُ الْحَيَاةِ،قَالَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ: وَ جَعَلْنٰا مِنَ الْمٰاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَ فَلاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ ».

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): And We have made of water everything living. Will they not then believe?

Translation: Al-Tabrisi: Al-‘Ayyashi narrated with his chain from al-Husayn ibn ‘Alwan: Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) was asked about the taste of water. He said: Ask seeking understanding and do not ask out of obstinacy [3]. The taste of water is the taste of life. Allah, glorified is He, said: “And We have made of water everything living. Will they not then believe?” (21:30).

[3] في«ج،ي»:تعسّفا.

fi “J, Y”: ta‘assufan.

99-/7139

_7- الْمُفِيدُ فِي(الْإِرْشَادِ):رَوَى الْعُلَمَاءُ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ وَفَدَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)لِيَمْتَحِنَهُ بِالسُّؤَالِ،فَقَالَ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،مَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ كٰانَتٰا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْنٰاهُمٰا ،مَا هَذَا الرَّتْقُ وَ الْفَتْقُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«كَانَتِ السَّمَاءُ رَتْقاً لاَ تُنْزِلُ الْقَطْرَ،وَ كَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ رَتْقاً لاَ تُخْرِجُ النَّبَاتَ».فَانْقَطَعَ عَمْرٌو وَ لَمْ يَجِدِ اعْتِرَاضاً،وَ مَضَى ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَيْهِ،فَقَالَ لَهُ:أَخْبِرْنِي-جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ-عَنْ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ يَحْلِلْ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبِي فَقَدْ هَوىٰ [4]،مَا غَضَبُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«غَضَبُ اللَّهِ:عِقَابُهُ-يَا عَمْرُو-وَ مَنْ ظَنَّ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُغَيِّرُهُ شَيْءٌ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ».

وَ رَوَاهُ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ)قَالَ:رُوِيَ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ وَفَدَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَاقِرِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) لاِمْتِحَانِهِ بِالسُّؤَالِ [5]،وَ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِعَيْنِهِ.

Qur’an 21:30 (M. H. Shakir): Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?

Qur’an 20:81 (M. H. Shakir): And whoever is afflicted by My wrath, he shall perish indeed.

Translation: Al-Mufid in al-Irshad: The scholars narrated that ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd came to Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon them) to test him with questions. He said to him: May I be your ransom, what is the meaning of His saying—exalted is He: “Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, but We have opened them?” (21:30). What is this “closing” and “opening”? Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said to him: The heaven was closed, not sending down rain; and the earth was closed, not bringing forth vegetation. ‘Amr was silenced and found no objection. He went away then returned to him and said: Inform me—may I be your ransom—about His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “And whoever is afflicted by My wrath, he shall perish indeed” (20:81). What is the wrath of Allah, Mighty and Majestic? Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: The wrath of Allah is His punishment, O ‘Amr; and whoever thinks that anything changes Allah has disbelieved. Al-Tabrisi narrated it in al-Ihtijaj: It is narrated that ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd came to Muhammad ibn ‘Ali al-Baqir (peace be upon him) to test him with questions [5], and he mentioned the hadith in the same wording.

_5) -قرب الإسناد:55.

Qurb al-Isnad: 55.

_6) -مجمع البيان 7:72.

Majma‘ al-Bayan 7:72.

_7) -الإرشاد:265.

al-Irshad: 265.

[4] طه 20:81

Ta Ha 20:81

[5] الإحتجاج:326.

al-Ihtijaj: 326.

قوله تعالى:

وَ جَعَلْنَا السَّمٰاءَ سَقْفاً مَحْفُوظاً -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ إِلَيْنٰا تُرْجَعُونَ [32-35]

Qur’an 21:32-35 (M. H. Shakir): And We have made the heaven a guarded canopy and (yet) they turn aside from its signs. And He it is Who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all (orbs) travel along swiftly in their celestial spheres. And We did not ordain abiding for any mortal before you. What! Then if you die, will they abide? Every soul must taste of death, and We try you by evil and good by way of probation; and to Us you shall be brought back.

_1-علي بن إبراهيم:في قوله تعالى: وَ جَعَلْنَا السَّمٰاءَ سَقْفاً مَحْفُوظاً ،يعني من الشياطين،أي لا يسترقون السمع.قال:و أمّا قوله: وَ مٰا جَعَلْنٰا لِبَشَرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ الْخُلْدَ أَ فَإِنْ مِتَّ فَهُمُ الْخٰالِدُونَ ،فانه لما أخبر اللّه نبيه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)بما يصيب أهل بيته من بعده،و ادعاء من ادعى الخلافة دونهم،اغتم رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)، فأنزل اللّه عزّ و جلّ: وَ مٰا جَعَلْنٰا لِبَشَرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ الْخُلْدَ أَ فَإِنْ مِتَّ فَهُمُ الْخٰالِدُونَ* كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذٰائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ وَ نَبْلُوكُمْ بِالشَّرِّ وَ الْخَيْرِ فِتْنَةً أي نختبركم وَ إِلَيْنٰا تُرْجَعُونَ فأعلم ذلك رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)،أنه لا بدّ أن تموت كل نفس.

Translation: Ali ibn Ibrahim: Concerning His saying: “And We have made the heaven a guarded canopy”—that is, guarded from the devils, meaning they do not eavesdrop. And as for His saying: “And We did not ordain abiding for any mortal before you; what! then if you die, will they abide?”—when Allah informed His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) of what would befall his household after him, and the claim of those who would claim the caliphate instead of them, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) was grieved. So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: “And We did not ordain abiding for any mortal before you; what! then if you die, will they abide? Every soul must taste of death, and We try you by evil and good by way of probation; and to Us you shall be brought back.” He thus made the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) know that every soul must die.

و قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) يَوْماً،وَ قَدْ تَبِعَ جِنَازَةً فَسَمِعَ رَجُلاً يَضْحَكُ،فَقَالَ:«كَأَنَّ الْمَوْتَ فِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِنَا كُتِبَ،وَ كَأَنَّ الْحَقَّ فِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِنَا وَجَبَ،وَ كَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ نُشَيِّعُ مِنَ الْأَمْوَاتِ سَفْرٌ [1] عَمَّا قَلِيلٍ إِلَيْنَا رَاجِعُونَ.نُنْزِلُهُمْ أَجْدَاثَهُمْ،وَ نَأْكُلُ تُرَاثَهُمْ،كَأَنَّا مُخَلَّدُونَ بَعْدَهُمْ،قَدْ نَسِينَا كُلَّ وَاعِظَةٍ،وَ رُمِينَا بِكُلِّ جَائِحَةٍ [2].

أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ،طُوبَى لِمَنْ شَغَلَهُ عَيْبُهُ عَنْ عُيُوبِ النَّاسِ،وَ تَوَاضَعَ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَنْقَصَةٍ،وَ جَالَسَ أَهْلَ الْفِقْهِ [3]وَ الرَّحْمَةِ،وَ خَالَطَ أَهْلَ الذُّلِّ وَ الْمَسْكَنَةِ،وَ أَنْفَقَ مَالاً جَمَعَهُ فِي غَيْرِ مَعْصِيَةٍ.

أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ،طُوبَى لِمَنْ ذَلَّتْ نَفْسُهُ،وَ طَابَ كَسْبُهُ،وَ صَلَحَتْ سَرِيرَتُهُ،وَ حَسُنَتْ خَلِيقَتُهُ،وَ أَنْفَقَ الْفَضْلَ مِنْ مَالِهِ،وَ أَمْسَكَ الْفَضْلَ مِنْ كَلاَمِهِ،وَ عَدَلَ عَنِ النَّاسِ شَرَّهُ،وَ وَسِعَتْهُ السُّنَّةُ،وَ لَمْ يَتَعَدَّ إِلَى الْبِدْعَةِ.

أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ،طُوبَى لِمَنْ لَزِمَ بَيْتَهُ،وَ أَكَلَ كِسْرَتَهُ،وَ بَكَى عَلَى خَطِيئَتِهِ،وَ كَانَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ فِي تَعَبٍ [4]،وَ النَّاسُ مِنْهُ فِي رَاحَةٍ».

Translation: And the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) one day followed a funeral and heard a man laughing, so he said: As if death in this is written upon other than us; as if the right in this is incumbent upon other than us; and as if those dead whom we escort are travelers [1] who will soon return to us. We place them in their graves and consume their inheritance, as if we are to remain after them forever. We have forgotten every admonisher and have been stricken by every calamity [2]. O people, blessed is he whose own fault occupies him from the faults of people, who humbles himself without abasement, who sits with the people of understanding [3] and mercy, who mingles with the people of humility and poverty, and who spends wealth he gathered not in disobedience. O people, blessed is he whose soul is humble, whose earning is pure, whose inner self is sound, whose character is good; who spends the surplus of his wealth and withholds the surplus of his speech; who averts his evil from people; whom the Sunnah encompasses, and who does not transgress into innovation. O people, blessed is he who stays in his house, eats his crust, weeps over his sin, is in toil from himself [4], and from whom people are in ease.

[1] السفر

as-safar: the traveler (used for singular and plural).

[2] الجائحة

al-ja’ihah: a blight that destroys fruits and wealth.

[3] في«ج»:الثقة.

fi “J”: ath-thiqah.

[4] في المصدر،و«ط»نسخة بدل:في شغل.

fi al-masdar, wa “T” nuskha badal: fi shughlin.

99-/7141

_2- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ قُرْطٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَأْمُرُ بِالسُّوءِ وَ الْفَحْشَاءِ فَقَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ،وَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْخَيْرَ وَ الشَّرَّ بِغَيْرِ مَشِيئَةِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ

Translation: Ibn Babawayh said: My father (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us, who said: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman, from Hafs ibn Qurṭ, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Whoever claims that Allah, blessed and exalted, commands evil and indecency has lied against Allah; and whoever claims that good and evil occur without the will of Allah has removed... (continues).