S 30 Ayat 38
قوله تعالى:
فَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبىٰ حَقَّهُ وَ الْمِسْكِينَ وَ ابْنَ السَّبِيلِ ذٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ لِلَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ اللّٰهِ وَ
أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ [38]
The Words of Allah, the Exalted:
"So give to the near of kin his due and to the needy and the wayfarer; this is best for those who desire Allah's pleasure, and these it is who are successful." [Surat Ar-Rum 30:38, Translation: M. H. Shakir]
99-/8354 _1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى،وَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «لَمَّا بُويِعَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ،وَ اسْتَقَامَ لَهُ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ الْأَنْصَارِ،بَعَثَ إِلَى فَدَكَ،فَأَخْرَجَ وَكِيلَ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)مِنْهَا،فَجَاءَتْ فَاطِمَةُ(عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ)إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ،فَقَالَتْ:يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ،مَنَعْتَنِي مِيرَاثِي مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ أَخْرَجْتَ وَكِيلِي مِنْ فَدَكَ وَ قَدْ جَعَلَهَا لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ؟!فَقَالَ لَهَا:هَاتِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ شُهُوداً.فَجَاءَتْ بِأُمِّ أَيْمَنَ،فَقَالَتْ:لاَ أَشْهَدُ حَتَّى أَحْتَجَّ-يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ-عَلَيْكَ بِمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَقَالَتْ:أَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ-يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ-أَ لَسْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)قَالَ:إِنَّ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ؟
99-/8354 _1- ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: My father narrated to me, from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa and Hammad ibn ‘Uthman, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said:
*"When allegiance was pledged to Abu Bakr, and the matter was settled for him over all the Muhajirun and Ansar, he sent to Fadak and removed the agent of Fatimah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), from it. So Fatimah (peace be upon her) came to Abu Bakr and said: 'O Abu Bakr, you have withheld my inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), and you have expelled my agent from Fadak, while the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) had made it mine by the command of Allah!'
He said to her: 'Bring witnesses for that.'
So she brought Umm Ayman, who said: 'I will not testify until I argue against you, O Abu Bakr, with what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said.'
She then said: 'I adjure you by Allah, O Abu Bakr, do you not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Umm Ayman is a woman from the people of Paradise"?'"*
قَالَ:بَلَى.قَالَتْ:فَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): فَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبىٰ حَقَّهُ فَجَعَلَ فَدَكاً لِفَاطِمَةَ(عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ)بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ.وَ جَاءَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَشَهِدَ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ،فَكَتَبَ لَهَا كِتَاباً بِرَدِّ فَدَكَ،وَ دَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهَا، فَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ،فَقَالَ:مَا هَذَا الْكِتَابُ؟فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ:إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ ادَّعَتْ فِي فَدَكٍ،وَ شَهِدَتْ لَهَا أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ وَ عَلِيٌّ،فَكَتَبْتُ لَهَا بِفَدَكَ.فَأَخَذَ عُمَرُ الْكِتَابَ مِنْ فَاطِمَةَ(عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ)فَمَزَّقَهُ،وَ قَالَ:هَذَا فَيْءُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ،وَ قَالَ:أَوْسُ بْنُ الْحَدَثَانِ، وَ عَائِشَةُ،وَ حَفْصَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَنَّهُ قَالَ:إِنَّا مَعَاشِرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لاَ نُورَثُ،مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ،وَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً زَوْجُهَا يَجُرُّ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ،وَ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ فَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ صَالِحَةٌ،لَوْ كَانَ مَعَهَا غَيْرُهَا لَنَظَرْنَا
فِيهِ.
She (Umm Ayman) said: "Yes." She then declared: "I testify that Allah revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family): So give to the near of kin his due [Surat Ar-Rum 30:38, M. H. Shakir], and thus, by Allah's command, He granted Fadak to Fatimah (peace be upon her)."
Then ‘Ali (peace be upon him) came and testified similarly. So Abu Bakr wrote a document returning Fadak to her and handed it over to her.
Then ‘Umar entered and said: "What is this document?" Abu Bakr replied: "Fatimah has claimed Fadak, and Umm Ayman and ‘Ali have testified for her, so I have written this document for her regarding Fadak."
‘Umar took the document from Fatimah (peace be upon her), tore it up, and said: "This is fay’ (public wealth) for the Muslims." Then he said: "Aws ibn al-Hadathan, and ‘A’ishah, and Hafsah testify regarding the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) that he said: 'We, the group of prophets, do not leave inheritance; what we leave is charity.' And indeed, ‘Ali, her husband, is pulling it towards himself, and as for Umm Ayman, she is a righteous woman, but had there been someone else with her, we would have considered the matter."
فَخَرَجَتْ فَاطِمَةُ(عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ)مِنْ عِنْدِهِمَا بَاكِيَةً حَزِينَةً،فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ هَذَا جَاءَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَ هُوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ،وَ حَوْلَهُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَ الْأَنْصَارُ،فَقَالَ:يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ،لِمَ مَنَعْتَ فَاطِمَةَ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، وَ قَدْ مَلَكَتْهُ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)؟فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ:هَذَا فَيْءٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ،فَإِنْ أَقَامَتْ شُهُوداً أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)جَعَلَهُ لَهَا،وَ إِلاَّ فَلاَ حَقَّ لَهَا فِيهِ.
Fatimah (peace be upon her) then left them, weeping and saddened.
After this, ‘Ali (peace be upon him) came to Abu Bakr while he was in the mosque, and around him were the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār. ‘Ali (peace be upon him) said:
"O Abu Bakr, why have you withheld from Fatimah her inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), when she possessed it during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family)?"
Abu Bakr replied:
"This is fay’ (public wealth) for the Muslims. If she brings witnesses that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) granted it to her, then it is hers. Otherwise, she has no right to it."
_28) -جوامع الجامع:359.
_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:155.
Page 346 in Arabic
فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ،تَحْكُمُ فِينَا بِخِلاَفِ حُكْمِ
اللَّهِ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ!قَالَ:لاَ.قَالَ:فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي يَدِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَيْءٌ يَمْلِكُونَهُ،ادَّعَيْتُ أَنَا فِيهِ،مَنْ تَسْأَلُ الْبَيِّنَةَ؟قَالَ:إِيَّاكَ كُنْتُ أَسْأَلُ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى مَا تَدَّعِيهِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ.قَالَ:فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي يَدِي شَيْءٌ وَ ادَّعَى فِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ،تَسْأَلُنِي الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى مَا فِي يَدِي،وَ قَدْ مَلَكْتُهُ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ بَعْدَهُ [1]،وَ لَمْ تَسْأَلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى مَا ادَّعَوْا عَلَيَّ شُهُوداً كَمَا سَأَلْتَنِي عَلَى مَا ادَّعَيْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ؟فَسَكَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ،ثُمَّ قَالَ عُمَرُ:يَا عَلِيُّ،دَعْنَا مِنْ كَلاَمِكَ،فَإِنَّا لاَ نَقْوَى عَلَى حُجَجِكَ،فَإِنْ أَتَيْتَ بِشُهُودٍ عُدُولٍ وَ إِلاَّ فَهُوَ فَيْءٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ لاَ حَقَّ لَكَ وَ لاَ لِفَاطِمَةَ فِيهِ.
Then the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said:
"O Abu Bakr! Are you judging us contrary to the judgment of Allah regarding the Muslims?"
He (Abu Bakr) replied: "No."
He (‘Ali) said: "If there is something in the hands of the Muslims that they possess, and I claim something in it, from whom would you request the proof?"
Abu Bakr replied: "From you, I would request the proof for what you claim against the Muslims."
‘Ali (peace be upon him) said: "But if there is something in my hand, and the Muslims claim something in it, would you then ask me for the proof for what is in my hand, which I possessed during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) and after him, or would you ask the Muslims to bring proof for what they claim against me, just as you would ask me if I claimed something against them?"
Abu Bakr remained silent.
Then ‘Umar said:
"O ‘Ali, leave off your speech, for we are not able to withstand your arguments. If you bring just and trustworthy witnesses, otherwise, it is fay’ (public wealth) for the Muslims. Neither you nor Fatimah have any right to it."
فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ،تَقْرَأُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ؟قَالَ:نَعَمْ.قَالَ:فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: إِنَّمٰا يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ يُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيراً [2]،فِيمَنْ نَزَلَتْ،أَ فِينَا أَمْ فِي غَيْرِنَا؟قَالَ:بَلْ فِيكُمْ.
قَالَ:فَلَوْ أَنَّ شَاهِدَيْنِ شَهِدَا عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)بِفَاحِشَةٍ،مَا كُنْتَ صَانِعاً؟قَالَ:كُنْتُ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَدَّ كَمَا أُقِيمُ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.قَالَ:كُنْتَ إِذَنْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ.قَالَ:وَ لِمَ؟قَالَ:لِأَنَّكَ رَدَدْتَ شَهَادَةَ اللَّهِ لَهَا بِالطَّهَارَةِ، وَ قَبِلْتَ شَهَادَةَ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهَا،كَمَا رَدَدْتَ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ وَ حُكْمَ رَسُولِهِ أَنْ جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لَهَا فَدَكَ وَ قَبَضْتَهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ،ثُمَّ قَبِلْتَ شَهَادَةَ أَعْرَابِيٍّ بَوَّالٍ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ،مِثْلَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ،وَ أَخَذْتَ مِنْهَا فَدَكَ،وَ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ فَيْءٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ،وَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):اَلْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي،وَ الْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنِ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ-قَالَ-فَدَمْدَمَ النَّاسُ،وَ بَكَى بَعْضُهُمْ،فَقَالُوا:صَدَقَ-وَ اللَّهِ-عَلِيٌّ.وَ رَجَعَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ».
Then the Commander of the Faithful (‘Alī, peace be upon him) said:
"O Abu Bakr, do you recite the Book of Allah?"
He said: "Yes."
‘Ali (peace be upon him) said: "Then inform me about the saying of Allah, the Exalted: Indeed Allah desires to remove uncleanness from you, O people of the house, and to purify you a thorough purifying. [Surat Al-Ahzab 33:33, M. H. Shakir] For whom was this revealed—about us or about others?"
He replied: "Rather, about you."
‘Ali (peace be upon him) said: "So if two witnesses were to testify against Fatimah (peace be upon her) committing an indecency, what would you do?"
He said: "I would carry out the prescribed punishment upon her just as I would upon the rest of the Muslims."
‘Ali (peace be upon him) replied: "In that case, you would be among the disbelievers in the sight of Allah."
He asked: "And why?"
‘Ali (peace be upon him) said: "Because you rejected Allah’s testimony regarding her purity and accepted the testimony of people against her. Just as you rejected the ruling of Allah and His Messenger that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) made Fadak for her and she took possession of it during his lifetime, then you accepted the testimony of a desert-dwelling Bedouin who urinates on his heels, like Aws ibn al-Hadathan, and took Fadak from her, claiming it is fay’ for the Muslims. Yet the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: The proof is upon the claimant, and the oath is upon the one against whom the claim is made."
Then the people murmured, some of them wept, and they said: "By Allah, ‘Ali has spoken the truth."
And ‘Ali (peace be upon him) returned to his home.
قَالَ:«وَ دَخَلَتْ فَاطِمَةُ الْمَسْجِدَ،وَ طَافَتْ بِقَبْرِ أَبِيهَا(عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ هِيَ تَبْكِي،وَ تَقُولُ:
إِنَّا فَقَدْنَاكَ فَقْدَ الْأَرْضِ وَابِلَهَاوَ اخْتَلَّ قَوْمُكَ فَاشْهَدْهُمْ وَ لاَ تَغِبِ [3] قَدْ كَانَ بَعْدَكَ أَنْبَاءٌ وَ هَنْبَثَةٌ [4]لَوْ كُنْتَ شَاهِدَهَا لَمْ تَكْثُرِ الْخَطْبُ قَدْ كَانَ جِبْرِيلُ بِالْآيَاتِ يُؤْنِسُنَافَغَابَ عَنَّا وَ كُلُّ الْخَيْرِ مُحْتَجَبٌ وَ كُنْتَ بَدْراً وَ نُوراً يُسْتَضَاءُ بِهِعَلَيْكَ تَنْزِلُ مِنْ ذِي الْعِزَّةِ الْكُتُبُ تَقَمَّصَتْهَا رِجَالٌ وَ اسْتُخِفَّ بِنَاإِذْ غِبْتَ عَنَّا فَنَحْنُ الْيَوْمَ نُغْتَصَبُ فَكُلُّ أَهْلٍ لَهُ قُرْبَى وَ مَنْزِلَةٌعِنْدَ الْإِلَهِ عَلَى الْأَدْنَيْنِ مُقْتَرِبٌ أَبْدَتْ رِجَالٌ لَنَا فَحْوَى صُدُورِهِمُلَمَّا مَضَيْتَ وَ حَالَتْ دُونَكَ الْكُثُبُ [5] فَقَدْ رُزِينَا [6] بِمَا لَمْ يُرْزَهُ أَحَدٌمِنَ الْبَرِيَّةِ لاَ عَجْمٌ وَ لاَ عَرَبٌ فَقَدْ رُزِينَا بِهِ مَحْضاً خَلِيقَتَهُصَافِي الضَّرَائِبِ وَ الْأَعْرَاقِ وَ النَّسَبِ فَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ كُلِّهِمْوَ أَصْدَقُ النَّاسِ حِينَ الصِّدْقِ وَ الْكَذِبِ [1] فَسَوْفَ نَبْكِيكَ مَا عِشْنَا وَ مَا بَقِيَتْمِنَّا الْعُيُونُ بِتِهْمَالٍ لَهَا سَكْبُ [2] سَيَعْلَمُ الْمُتَوَلِّي ظُلْمَ حَامَتِنَا [3]يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَنَّى سَوْفَ يَنْقَلِبُ».
She (Fatimah, peace be upon her) entered the mosque, circled around the grave of her father (peace be upon him and his family) while weeping, and said:
"Indeed, we have lost you like the earth loses its heavy rain, And your people have turned away, so bear witness over them and do not be absent. There have been after you events and disturbances, If you had been present, the calamity would not have become so great. Gabriel used to comfort us with the signs, But he has vanished, and all goodness is concealed. You were the full moon, a light by which guidance was sought, Upon you the books from the Lord of Might descended. Men have taken possession of it, and we are regarded lightly, Since you have left us, today we are wronged and usurped. Every family has its close ones and station, With Allah, those near ones are drawn close. Men have now revealed to us the contents of their chests, When you passed away and the mountains closed off the paths. We have been afflicted with a calamity no one among the creation has faced, Neither from the non-Arabs nor the Arabs. We have been afflicted with his pure nature, Of clear lineage and noble ancestry. You are the best of Allah’s servants entirely, The most truthful among people, in truth and in falsehood. We will weep over you as long as we live, And as long as there remain eyes pouring forth tears. Those who took power and wronged our family will know, On the Day of Judgment, to what end they will return."
[1] في«ج،ط»:قال:فما بال فاطمة سألتها البيّنة على ما في يديها و قد ملكته في حياة رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)و بعده.
In the versions marked with "ج،ط", it is narrated:
"He said: Then why did you ask Fatimah (peace be upon her) for evidence concerning what was in her possession, while she had possessed it during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) and after him?"
[2] الأحزاب 33:33.
[3] في البيت إقواء بيّن،إذ أنّ حرف الروي في القصيدة مرفوع و هنا مجرور،و روي في مصادر اخرى:«فاشهدهم قد انقلبوا»،و روي أيضا: «فأشهدهم فقد نكبوا».
[4] الهنبثة:واحدة الهنابث،و هي الأمور الشداد المختلفة.«لسان العرب-هنبث-2:199».
[5] الكثيب من الرمل:هو ما اجتمع و احدودب،و الجمع:كثب.«لسان العرب-كثب-1:702».
[6] الرّزء:المصيبة.«لسان العرب-رزأ-1:86».
Page 347 in Arabic
قَالَ:«فَرَجَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ،وَ بَعَثَ إِلَى عُمَرَ،فَدَعَاهُ،فَقَالَ:مَا رَأَيْتَ مَجْلِسَ عَلِيٍّ مِنَّا الْيَوْمَ؟وَ اللَّهِ لَئِنْ قَعَدَ مَقْعَداً مِثْلَهُ لَيُفْسِدَنَّ أَمْرَنَا،فَمَا الرَّأْيُ؟قَالَ عُمَرُ:اَلرَّأْيُ أَنْ تَأْمُرَ بِقَتْلِهِ.قَالَ:فَمَنْ يَقْتُلُهُ؟قَالَ:خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ.فَبَعَثَا إِلَى خَالِدِ،فَأَتَاهُمَا،فَقَالاَ:نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَحْمِلَكَ عَلَى أَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ.قَالَ:اِحْمِلاَنِي عَلَى مَا شِئْتُمَا،وَ لَوْ قَتْلَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ.قَالاَ:فَهُوَ ذَاكَ.قَالَ خَالِدٌ:مَتَى أَقْتُلُهُ؟قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ:إِذَا حَضَرَ الْمَسْجِدَ،فَقُمْ بِجَنْبِهِ فِي الصَّلاَةِ،فَإِذَا أَنَا سَلَّمْتُ فَقُمْ إِلَيْهِ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ.قَالَ:نَعَمْ.
فَسَمِعَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ ذَلِكَ،وَ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ،فَقَالَتْ لِجَارِيَتِهَا:اِذْهَبِي إِلَى مَنْزِلِ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ فَأَقْرِئِيهِمَا السَّلاَمَ،وَ قُولِي لِعَلِيٍّ: إِنَّ الْمَلَأَ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقْتُلُوكَ فَاخْرُجْ إِنِّي لَكَ مِنَ النّٰاصِحِينَ [4]،فَجَاءَتْ إِلَيْهِمَا،فَقَالَتْ لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ عُمَيْسٍ تَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكُمَا السَّلاَمَ،وَ تَقُولُ: إِنَّ الْمَلَأَ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقْتُلُوكَ فَاخْرُجْ إِنِّي لَكَ مِنَ النّٰاصِحِينَ .فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قُولِي لَهَا:إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِيلُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَ بَيْنَ مَا يُرِيدُونَ.
Abu Bakr returned to his house and summoned ‘Umar. When ‘Umar came, Abu Bakr said to him:
"Did you see ‘Ali’s position among us today? By Allah, if he sits in such a gathering again, he will surely corrupt our affair. So, what is your opinion?"
‘Umar replied: "My opinion is that you command his killing."
Abu Bakr asked: "Who would kill him?"
‘Umar said: "Khalid ibn al-Walid."
So they both sent for Khalid, who came to them. They said:
"We want to entrust you with a grave matter."
He replied: "Entrust me with whatever you wish, even if it is to kill ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib."
They said: "That is exactly it."
Khalid asked: "When shall I kill him?"
Abu Bakr said: "When he comes to the mosque, stand next to him during the prayer. When I finish the prayer and say salām, rise up to him and strike his neck."
Khalid replied: "Very well."
However, Asmā’ bint ‘Umays (the wife of Abu Bakr) heard of this plot. She said to her maid:
"Go to the house of ‘Ali and Fatimah, give them my salām, and say to ‘Ali: ‘The leaders are conspiring against you to kill you, so leave! Verily, I am one of your sincere advisors.’" The maid came to them, conveyed the salām, and delivered the message.
‘Ali (peace be upon him) said:
"Say to her: Indeed, Allah will intervene between them and what they intend."
ثُمَّ قَامَ وَ تَهَيَّأَ لِلصَّلاَةِ،وَ حَضَرَ الْمَسْجِدَ،وَ صَلَّى خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ [5]،وَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ مَعَهُ السَّيْفُ، فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ نَدِمَ عَلَى مَا قَالَ،وَ خَافَ الْفِتْنَةَ،وَ شِدَّةَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)وَ بَأْسَهُ،وَ لَمْ يَزَلْ مُتَفَكِّراً لاَ يَجْسُرُ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ حَتَّى ظَنَّ النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ سَهَا،ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى خَالِدٍ،فَقَالَ:يَا خَالِدُ،لاَ تَفْعَلْ مَا أَمَرْتُكَ بِهِ،السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ.
فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):يَا خَالِدُ،مَا الَّذِي أَمَرَكَ بِهِ؟قَالَ:أَمَرَنِي بِضَرْبِ عُنُقِكَ.قَالَ:وَ كُنْتَ فَاعِلاً؟قَالَ:
إِي وَ اللَّهِ،فَلَوْلاَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:لاَ تَفْعَلْ،لَقَتَلْتُكَ بَعْدَ التَّسْلِيمِ-قَالَ-فَأَخَذَهُ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَضَرَبَ بِهِ الْأَرْضَ،وَ اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ،فَقَالَ عُمَرُ:يَقْتُلُهُ،وَ رَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ.وَ قَالَ النَّاسُ:يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ،اللَّهَ اللَّهَ،بِحَقِّ صَاحِبِ هَذَا الْقَبْرِ.فَخَلَّى عَنْهُ، فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى عُمَرَ،وَ أَخَذَ بِتَلاَبِيبِهِ،وَ قَالَ:يَا بْنَ صُهَاكَ،لَوْلاَ عَهْدٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،وَ كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ، لَعَلِمْتَ أَيُّنَا أَضْعَفُ نَاصِراً،وَ أَقَلُّ عَدَداً؛ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ».
Then Imam ‘Ali (peace be upon him) arose, prepared himself for prayer, and came to the mosque. He prayed behind Abu Bakr, while Khalid ibn al-Walid stood beside him with his sword. When Abu Bakr sat for the tashahhud, he regretted what he had planned, fearing fitnah (civil discord), knowing the strength and courage of ‘Ali (peace be upon him). He remained deep in thought, hesitant to complete the prayer with taslīm, to the point that people thought he had become forgetful.
Then Abu Bakr turned to Khalid and said:
"O Khalid, do not carry out what I ordered you to do. Peace and mercy and blessings of Allah be upon you."
Imam ‘Ali (peace be upon him) then said:
"O Khalid, what was it that he ordered you to do?"
Khalid replied:
"He ordered me to strike your neck."
The Imam asked:
"And were you going to do it?"
Khalid answered:
"By Allah, yes. Had he not said, 'Do not do it,' I would have killed you right after the taslīm."
At that, ‘Ali (peace be upon him) grabbed Khalid, threw him down to the ground, and the people gathered around him. ‘Umar said:
"By the Lord of the Ka‘bah, he is going to kill him!"
And the people said:
"O Abā al-Ḥasan, by Allah, by the right of the one buried in this grave (the Prophet), please let him go."
So Imam ‘Ali (peace be upon him) let Khalid go, then turned to ‘Umar, seized him by his collar, and said:
"O son of Ṣahāk! Were it not for a covenant from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) and a decree from Allah that has already preceded, you would have known which of us has weaker supporters and fewer in number."
Then he entered his house.
99-/8355 _2- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ،وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): أَنَّهُ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)أَعْطَى فَاطِمَةَ(عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ)فَدَكَ وَ سَلَّمَهُ إِلَيْهَا. وَ رَوَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ،وَ غَيْرُهُ.
99-/8355 Al-Ṭabrisī narrated from Abū Ja‘far and Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon them): When this verse was revealed to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family), he gave Fadak to Fāṭimah (peace be upon her) and handed it over to her.
This narration was also reported by Abū Sa‘īd al-Khudrī and others.
_2) -مجمع البيان 8:478.
[1] في هذا البيت إقواء و كذا الذي قبله.
[2] في«ط»:همال و هي تنسكب،و في«ي»:بتهمال و تنسكب.
[3] الحامّة:خاصّة الرجل من أهله و ولده و ذي قرابته.«لسان العرب-حمم-12:153»،و هي بتشديد الميم،و خفّفت هنا للضرورة.
[4] القصص 28:20.
[5] في المصدر:المسجد و وقف خلف أبي بكر و صلّى لنفسه.
Page 348 in Arabic
99-/8356 _3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْمُقَانِعِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ،عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ فَضْلِ بْنِ مَرْزُوقٍ،عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ،عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ،قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: فَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبىٰ حَقَّهُ ،دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)فَاطِمَةَ(عَلَيْهَا السَّلاَمُ)،وَ أَعْطَاهَا فَدَكَ. و القصة مشهورة،و قد تقدمت الروايات في ذلك في سورة بني إسرائيل [1].
99-/8356 Muḥammad ibn al-‘Abbās narrated: He said, ‘Alī ibn al-‘Abbās al-Muqāni‘ī reported to us from Abū Kurayb, from Mu‘āwiyah ibn Hishām, from Faḍl ibn Marzūq, from ‘Aṭiyyah, from Abū Sa‘īd al-Khudrī, who said:
When the verse "So give to the near of kin their due" [Surat Al-Rum 30:38] was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) called Fāṭimah (peace be upon her) and gave her Fadak.
The story is well-known, and the narrations regarding it have previously been mentioned under the exegesis of Sūrat Banī Isrā’īl.