Hud Ayah 7

قال:-وَ بَكَى،فَرَقَّ لَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ،فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): وَ مٰا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلاّٰ عَلَى اللّٰهِ رِزْقُهٰا وَ يَعْلَمُ مُسْتَقَرَّهٰا وَ مُسْتَوْدَعَهٰا كُلٌّ فِي كِتٰابٍ مُبِينٍ مَنْ كَفَلَ بِهَذِهِ الْأَفْوَاهِ الْمَضْمُونَةِ عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا صَبَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الرِّزْقَ صَبّاً كَالْمَاءِ الْمُنْهَمِرِ،إِنْ قَلِيلاً فَقَلِيلاً،وَ إِنْ كَثِيراً فَكَثِيراً-قَالَ:-ثُمَّ دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ أَمَّنَ لَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ».

قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«فَحَدَّثَنِي مَنْ رَأَى الرَّجُلَ فِي زَمَنِ عُمَرَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ حَالِهِ،فَقَالَ:مِنْ أَحْسَنِ مَنْ خَوَّلَهُ حَلاَلاً وَ أَكْثَرِهِمْ مَالاً».

Translation:

He said: He wept, and the Muslims felt compassion for him. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: “And there is no creature that moves in the earth but its sustenance is upon Allah, and He knows its resting place and its repository; all (is) in a clear Book. Whoever undertakes the care of these mouths whose provision is guaranteed by Allah, Allah will pour sustenance upon him in a downpour like cascading water—if little, then little; and if much, then much.” He said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) supplicated, and the Muslims said “Amen” to his supplication.

He said: Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said: “A person who saw the man in the time of ‘Umar narrated to me; he asked him about his condition and he replied: ‘Of those most well-favored with lawful bounty and among the wealthiest.’”

قوله تعالى:

وَ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيّٰامٍ وَ كٰانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمٰاءِ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً [7]

Translation (Quran 11:7, M. H. Shakir):

And He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods, and His dominion (Throne) extends over the water, that He might manifest to you which of you is best in action; and if you say, Surely you shall be raised up after death, those who disbelieve would certainly say: This is nothing but clear magic.

99-/5011 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الْخَيْرَ يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ،وَ مَا كَانَ لِيَخْلُقَ الشَّرَّ قَبْلَ الْخَيْرِ،وَ خَلَقَ يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ وَ الْإِثْنَيْنِ الْأَرَضِينَ وَ خَلَقَ يَوْمَ الثَّلاَثَاءِ أَقْوَاتَهَا،وَ خَلَقَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ السَّمَاوَاتِ،وَ خَلَقَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ أَقْوَاتَهَا،وَ الْجُمُعَةِ [1]،وَ ذَلِكَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: خَلَقَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيّٰامٍ فَلِذَلِكَ أَمْسَكَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ».

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ،بِإِسْنَادِهِ،عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [2]. و تقدم في أول سورة يونس [3]،و يأتي أيضا في غيرها إن شاء اللّه تعالى [4].

Translation:

Al-‘Ayyāshī: From ‘Abd Allāh b. Sinān, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), he said: “Indeed Allah created good on Sunday, and He would not create evil before good. On Sunday and Monday He created the earths; on Tuesday He created their provisions; on Wednesday He created the heavens; on Thursday He created their provisions; and on Friday [1]. That is in His saying: He created the heavens and the earth in six days; for that reason the Jews held back (ceased work) on Saturday.”

And Muḥammad b. Ya‘qūb narrated this hadith with his chain from ‘Abd Allāh b. Sinān, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) [2]. It was mentioned at the beginning of Sūrat Yūnus [3], and it will also appear elsewhere, God willing [4].

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:4/140. - Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 2:4/140.

_2) -الكافي 1:7/103. - al-Kāfī 1:7/103.

[1] (و الجمعة)ليس في«ط»و الذي في(الكافي 8:118/145):«و خلق السماوات يوم الأربعاء و يوم الخميس،و خلق أقواتها يوم الجمعة». - (wa l-jum‘a) laysa fī “Ṭ”; wa-lladhī fī (al-Kāfī 8:118/145): “wa khalaqa al-samāwāt yawma al-arbi‘ā’ wa-yawma al-khamīs, wa khalaqa aqwātahā yawma al-jum‘a.”

[2] الكافي 8:117/145. - al-Kāfī 8:117/145.

[3] تقدّم في الحديث(1)من تفسير الآية(3)من سورة يونس. - Taqaddama fī al-ḥadīth (1) min tafsīr al-āya (3) min Sūrat Yūnus.

[4] يأتي في الحديث(1)من تفسير الآية(59)من سورة الفرقان،و الحديث(1)من تفسير الآية(4)من سورة السجدة،و الحديث(1)من تفسير الآية(4)من سورة الحديد. - Ya’tī fī al-ḥadīth (1) min tafsīr al-āya (59) min Sūrat al-Furqān, wa-l-ḥadīth (1) min tafsīr al-āya (4) min Sūrat al-Sajda, wa-l-ḥadīth (1) min tafsīr al-āya (4) min Sūrat al-Ḥadīd.

99-/5012 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ،عَنْ دَاوُدَ الرَّقِّيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ كٰانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمٰاءِ فَقَالَ:

«مَا يَقُولُونَ؟»قُلْتُ:يَقُولُونَ:إِنَّ الْعَرْشَ كَانَ عَلَى الْمَاءِ،وَ الرَّبُّ فَوْقَهُ!فَقَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«كَذَبُوا،مَنْ زَعَمَ هَذَا فَقَدْ صَيَّرَ اللَّهَ مَحْمُولاً،وَ وَصَفَهُ بِصِفَةِ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ،وَ لَزِمَهُ أَنَّ الشَّيْءَ الَّذِي يَحْمِلُهُ أَقْوَى مِنْهُ».

قُلْتُ:بَيِّنْ لِي،جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،فَقَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَمَّلَ دِينَهُ وَ عِلْمَهُ الْمَاءَ،قَبْلَ أَنْ تَكُونَ أَرْضٌ أَوْ سَمَاءٌ،أَوْ جِنٌّ أَوْ إِنْسٌ،أَوْ شَمْسٌ أَوْ قَمَرٌ،فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْخَلْقَ نَثَرَهُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،فَقَالَ لَهُمْ:مَنْ رَبُّكُمْ؟فَأَوَّلُ مَنْ نَطَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْأَئِمَّةُ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)فَقَالُوا:أَنْتَ رَبُّنَا،فَحَمَّلَهُمُ الْعِلْمَ وَ الدِّينَ.ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ:هَؤُلاَءِ حَمَلَةُ دِينِي وَ عِلْمِي،وَ أُمَنَائِي فِي خَلْقِي،وَ هُمُ الْمَسْئُولُونَ.ثُمَّ قَالَ لِبَنِي آدَمَ:أَقِرُّوا لِلَّهِ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ،وَ لِهَؤُلاَءِ النَّفَرِ بِالْوَلاَيَةِ وَ الطَّاعَةِ،فَقَالُوا:نَعَمْ-رَبَّنَا-أَقْرَرْنَا.فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ:اِشْهَدُوا فَقَالَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ:شَهِدْنَا عَلَى أَنْ لاَ يَقُولُوا غَداً:إِنَّا كُنَّا عَنْ هَذَا غَافِلِينَ،أَوْ يَقُولُوا:إِنَّمَا أَشْرَكَ آبَاؤُنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ،وَ كُنَّا ذُرِّيَّةً مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ أَ فَتُهْلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ.

يَا دَاوُدُ،وَلاَيَتُنَا مُؤَكَّدَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الْمِيثَاقِ».

وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،فِي كِتَابِ(التَّوْحِيدِ)هَكَذَا:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الدَّقَّاقُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُوفِيُّ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَرْمَكِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا جُدْعَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْكِنْدِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْآدَمِيُّ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ،عَنْ دَاوُدَ الرَّقِّيِّ،قَالَ:سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ كٰانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمٰاءِ فَقَالَ لِي:«مَا يَقُولُونَ؟» وَ ذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ [1].

Translation:

Muḥammad b. Ya‘qūb: from Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan, from Sahl b. Ziyād, from Ibn Maḥbūb, from ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Kathīr, from Dāwūd al-Raqqī, who said: I asked Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) about Allah’s saying: And His Throne was upon the water. He said: “What do they say?” I said: They say the Throne was upon the water and the Lord was above it! He (peace be upon him) said: “They have lied. Whoever claims this has made Allah into one who is carried, describing Him with the attribute of created beings, and it would follow that the thing carrying Him is stronger than Him.”

I said: Clarify for me, may I be your ransom. He said: “Allah made His religion and His knowledge borne by the water before there was an earth or a heaven, or jinn or humankind, or sun or moon. When He intended to create creation, He scattered them before Him and said to them: ‘Who is your Lord?’ The first to speak were the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), the Commander of the Faithful, and the Imams (peace be upon them). They said: ‘You are our Lord.’ So He entrusted them with knowledge and religion. Then He said to the angels: ‘These are the bearers of My religion and My knowledge, My trustees among My creation, and they are the ones to be questioned.’ Then He said to the children of Adam: ‘Acknowledge Allah’s Lordship, and for these persons, allegiance and obedience.’ They said: ‘Yes, our Lord, we have acknowledged.’ Allah said to the angels: ‘Witness,’ and the angels said: ‘We bear witness—lest they say tomorrow: Indeed we were heedless of this, or lest they say: Our fathers associated (others with Allah) before, and we were (only) descendants after them; will You then destroy us for what the vain-doers did?’

O Dāwūd, our walāya is affirmed upon them in the Covenant.”

And Ibn Bābawayh narrated this hadith in the book al-Tawḥīd thus: “... [full isnād] ... and he said to me: ‘What do they say?’ and he mentioned the like of it” [1].

_3) -الكافي 3:142/153 و:68/95. - al-Kāfī 3:142/153 and 68/95.

_4) -الكافي 2:4/13. - al-Kāfī 2:4/13.

[1] التوحيد:1/319. - al-Tawḥīd 1:319.

[2] في«ط»:الماء. - fī “Ṭ”: al-mā’.

[3] في المصدر زيادة:و الحسنة. - fī al-maṣdar ziyāda: “wa-l-ḥasana.”

[4] الإسراء 17:84. - al-Isrā’ 17:84.

99-/5013 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ؛وَ الْحَجَّالِ،عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ لِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «كَانَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مَاءً، وَ كَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ،فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ الْمَاءَ فَاضْطَرَمَ نَاراً،ثُمَّ أَمَرَ النَّارَ فَخَمَدَتْ،فَارْتَفَعَ مِنْ خُمُودِهَا دُخَانٌ، فَخَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الدُّخَانِ،وَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ مِنَ الرَّمَادِ [2]،ثُمَّ اخْتَصَمَ الْمَاءُ وَ النَّارُ وَ الرِّيحُ، فَقَالَ الْمَاءُ:أَنَا جُنْدُ اللَّهِ الْأَكْبَرُ،وَ قَالَتِ النَّارُ:أَنَا جُنْدُ اللَّهِ الْأَكْبَرُ،وَ قَالَتِ الرِّيحُ:أَنَا جُنْدُ اللَّهِ الْأَكْبَرُ،فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى الرِّيحِ:أَنْتِ جُنْدِيَ الْأَكْبَرُ».

Translation:

And from him: from Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā, from Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, from Ibn Maḥbūb, from al-‘Alā’ b. Razīn, from Muḥammad b. Muslim; and al-Ḥajjāl, from al-‘Alā’, from Muḥammad b. Muslim, who said: Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said to me: “Everything was water, and His Throne was upon the water. Then Allah, Mighty be His remembrance, commanded the water and it flared into fire; then He commanded the fire and it subsided, and from its subsiding rose smoke; so Allah, Mighty and Majestic, created the heavens from that smoke, and Allah created the earth from the ash [2]. Then water, fire, and wind contended. Water said: ‘I am the greatest army of Allah.’ Fire said: ‘I am the greatest army of Allah.’ Wind said: ‘I am the greatest army of Allah.’ So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed to the wind: ‘You are My greatest army.’”

99-/5014 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ،عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً .

قَالَ:«لَيْسَ يَعْنِي أَكْثَرَ عَمَلاً،وَ لَكِنْ أَصْوَبَكُمْ عَمَلاً،وَ إِنَّمَا الْإِصَابَةُ خَشْيَةُ اللَّهِ وَ النِّيَّةُ الصَّادِقَةُ».

ثُمَّ قَالَ:«الْإِبْقَاءُ عَلَى الْعَمَلِ حَتَّى يَخْلُصَ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ،وَ الْعَمَلُ الْخَالِصُ الَّذِي لاَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ يَحْمَدَكَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،وَ النِّيَّةُ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ،أَلاَ إِنَّ النِّيَّةَ هِيَ الْعَمَلُ-ثُمَّ تَلاَ قَوْلَهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- قُلْ كُلٌّ يَعْمَلُ عَلىٰ شٰاكِلَتِهِ [4]يَعْنِي عَلَى نِيَّتِهِ».

Translation:

And from him: from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, from al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad, from al-Minqarī, from Sufyān b. ‘Uyayna, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: “that He may try you (to see) which of you is best in deed.”

He said: “It does not mean the most in quantity of deeds, but rather the most correct of you in deed; and correctness is the fear of Allah and a truthful intention.”

Then he said: “Preserving a deed until it becomes pure is harder than the deed itself. The pure deed is that for which you wish no one to praise you except Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Intention is better than deed—indeed, intention is the deed.” Then he recited His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “Say: Everyone acts according to his manner” [4], meaning according to his intention.

99-/5015 _5- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا تَمِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ عَبْدِ السَّلاَمِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْهَرَوِيِّ ،قَالَ:سَأَلَ الْمَأْمُونُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُوسَى الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيّٰامٍ وَ كٰانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمٰاءِ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً .

فَقَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ الْعَرْشَ وَ الْمَاءَ وَ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ قَبْلَ خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ،وَ كَانَتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ تَسْتَدِلُّ بِأَنْفُسِهَا وَ بِالْعَرْشِ وَ بِالْمَاءِ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،ثُمَّ جَعَلَ عَرْشَهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ،لِيُظْهِرَ بِذَلِكَ قُدْرَتَهُ لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ، فَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ،ثُمَّ رَفَعَ الْعَرْشَ بِقُدْرَتِهِ وَ نَقَلَهُ فَجَعَلَهُ فَوْقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ،وَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ،وَ هُوَ مُسْتَوْلٍ عَلَى عَرْشِهِ،وَ كَانَ قَادِراً عَلَى أَنْ يَخْلُقَهَا فِي طَرْفَةِ عَيْنٍ،وَ لَكِنَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَهَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ،لِيُظْهِرَ لِلْمَلاَئِكَةِ مَا يَخْلُقُهُ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ،فَيُسْتَدَلَّ بِحُدُوثِ مَا يَحْدُثُ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَرَّةً بَعْدَ أُخْرَى،وَ لَمْ يَخْلُقِ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْعَرْشَ لِحَاجَةٍ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ،لِأَنَّهُ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَرْشِ وَ عَنْ جَمِيعِ مَا خَلَقَ،وَ لاَ يُوصَفُ بِالْكَوْنِ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ،لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِجِسْمٍ،تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَنْ صِفَةِ خَلْقِهِ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً،وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً فَإِنَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ خَلْقَهُ لِيَبْلُوَهُمْ بِتَكْلِيفِ طَاعَتِهِ وَ عِبَادَتِهِ،لاَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الاِمْتِحَانِ وَ التَّجْرِبَةِ،لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَزَلْ عَلِيماً بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ».

فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ:فَرَّجْتَ عَنِّي-يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ-فَرَّجَ اللَّهُ عَنْكَ.

Translation:

Ibn Bābawayh said: Tamīm b. ‘Abd Allāh b. Tamīm al-Qurashī narrated to us ... Abū al-Ṣalt ‘Abd al-Salām b. Ṣāliḥ al-Harawī said: Al-Ma’mūn asked Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī b. Mūsā al-Riḍā (peace be upon him) about Allah’s saying: “And He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and His Throne was upon the water, that He might test you (to see) which of you is best in deed.”

He said: “Indeed Allah, Blessed and Exalted, created the Throne, the water, and the angels before creating the heavens and the earth. The angels would infer (His existence) from themselves, and from the Throne and the water, to Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Then He placed His Throne upon the water to manifest thereby His power to the angels, that they might know He is powerful over all things. Then He raised the Throne by His power and moved it, placing it above the seven heavens. He created the heavens and the earth in six days, and He has full dominion over His Throne. He was able to create them in the twinkling of an eye, but He created them in six days to show the angels what He creates from them, one thing after another, so that the origination of each new thing would again and again point to Allah, Most High. Allah did not create the Throne out of any need for it, for He is independent of the Throne and of all that He created; nor is He described as being ‘on’ the Throne, for He is not a body—exalted is Allah, greatly exalted, above the attributes of His creation. As for His saying: ‘that He may test you (to see) which of you is best in deed,’ indeed He created His creatures to try them by obligating obedience and worship—not by way of experiment or trial, for He has ever been All-Knowing of everything.”

Al-Ma’mūn said: “You have relieved me, O Abā al-Ḥasan—may Allah relieve you.”

99-/5016 _6- وَ عَنْهُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْيَمَانِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ الْعَرْشَ أَرْبَاعاً،لَمْ يَخْلُقْ قَبْلَهُ إِلاَّ ثَلاَثَةَ أَشْيَاءَ:اَلْهَوَاءَ، وَ الْقَلَمَ،وَ النُّورَ،ثُمَّ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ أَنْوَارٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ،فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ النُّورِ نُورٌ أَخْضَرُ اخْضَرَّتْ مِنْهُ الْخُضْرَةُ،وَ نُورٌ أَصْفَرُ اصْفَرَّتْ مِنْهُ الصُّفْرَةُ،وَ نُورٌ أَحْمَرُ احْمَرَّتْ مِنْهُ الْحُمْرَةُ،وَ نُورٌ أَبْيَضُ وَ هُوَ نُورُ الْأَنْوَارِ،وَ مِنْهُ ضَوْءُ النَّهَارِ.ثُمَّ جَعَلَهُ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ طَبَقٍ،غِلَظُ كُلِّ طَبَقٍ كَأَوَّلِ الْعَرْشِ إِلَى أَسْفَلِ السَّافِلِينَ،لَيْسَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ طَبَقٌ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِ،وَ يُقَدِّسُهُ بِأَصْوَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ،وَ أَلسِنَةٍ غَيْرِ مُشْتَبِهَةٍ،وَ لَوْ أُذِنَ لِلِسَانٍ مِنْهَا فَأَسْمَعَ شَيْئاً مِمَّا تَحْتَهُ لَهَدَمَ الْجِبَالَ وَ الْمَدَائِنَ وَ الْحُصُونَ، وَ لَخَسَفَ الْبِحَارَ،وَ لَأَهْلَكَ مَا دُونَهُ.لَهُ ثَمَانِيَةُ أَرْكَانٍ،عَلَى كُلِّ رُكْنٍ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ مَا لاَ يُحْصِي عَدَدَهُمْ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،يُسَبِّحُونَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ لاَ يَفْتُرُونَ،وَ لَوْ أَحَسَّ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا فَوْقَهُ مَا قَامَ لِذَلِكَ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ،بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْإِحْسَاسِ الْجَبَرُوتُ وَ الْكِبْرِيَاءُ وَ الْعَظَمَةُ وَ الْقُدُسُ وَ الرَّحْمَةُ ثُمَّ الْعِلْمُ،وَ لَيْسَ وَرَاءَ هَذَا مَقَالٌ» [1].

Translation:

And from him ... from Abū Ja‘far, from ‘Alī b. al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon them), he said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, created the Throne in four quarters. He had created before it only three things: air, the Pen, and light. Then He created it from different lights: among that light is a green light—from it greenness became green; and a yellow light—from it yellowness became yellow; and a red light—from it redness became red; and a white light—this is the Light of lights, and from it is the light of day. Then He made it seventy thousand layers, the thickness of each layer like the first (extent) of the Throne down to the lowest of the low. There is not a layer among them but that it glorifies its Lord and sanctifies Him with differing voices and distinct tongues. Were a single tongue among them permitted to make heard anything beneath it, it would demolish mountains, cities, and fortresses, cause the seas to subside, and destroy all below it. It has eight pillars; upon each pillar is (a host of) angels whose number none counts but Allah, Mighty and Majestic. They glorify night and day without weariness. Were anything to sense what is above it, it would not remain for the blink of an eye; between it and sensing (there is) Might, Majesty, Grandeur, Holiness, Mercy, then Knowledge—and beyond this there is no (further) statement” [1].

99-/5017 _7- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «كَانَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى كَمَا وَصَفَ نَفْسَهُ،وَ كَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ،وَ الْمَاءُ عَلَى الْهَوَاءِ:وَ الْهَوَاءُ لاَ يَجْرِي».

Translation:

Al-‘Ayyāshī: From Muḥammad b. Muslim, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), he said: “Allah, Blessed and Exalted, was as He has described Himself; His Throne was upon the water, and the water upon the air; and the air does not flow.”

99-/5018 _8- قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ الْعِجْلِيُّ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):أَيَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ مَوْضِعُ الْبَيْتِ حَيْثُ كَانَ الْمَاءُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ كٰانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمٰاءِ ؟قَالَ:«كَانَتْ مَهَاةً بَيْضَاءَ»يَعْنِي دُرَّةً.

Translation:

Muḥammad b. ‘Imrān al-‘Ijlī said: I said to Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him): What was the site of the House (the Ka‘ba) when there was (only) water, in Allah’s saying: “and His Throne was upon the water”? He said: “It was a white mahāh,” meaning a pearl.

99-/5019 _9- وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ مُدَّةِ مَا كَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْأَرْضَ وَ السَّمَاءَ؟فَقَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«تُحْسِنُ أَنْ تَحْسُبَ؟»فَقِيلَ لَهُ:نَعَمْ.

فَقَالَ:«لَوْ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ وَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ حَبُّ خَرْدَلٍ،ثُمَّ كُلِّفْتَ عَلَى ضَعْفِكَ أَنْ تَحْمِلَهُ حَبَّةً حَبَّةً مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ حَتَّى أَفْنَيْتَهُ،لَكَانَ رُبُعُ عُشْرِ جُزْءٍ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ جُزْءٍ مِنْ بَقَاءِ عَرْشِ رَبِّنَا عَلَى الْمَاءِ،قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْأَرْضَ وَ السَّمَاءَ-ثُمَّ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):-إِنَّمَا مَثَّلْتُ لَكَ مِثَالاً».

و ستأتي إن شاء اللّه تعالى زيادة على ما هنا في سورة طه،في قوله تعالى: اَلرَّحْمٰنُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ اسْتَوىٰ [1].

Translation:

And it is narrated from ‘Alī, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), that he was asked about the length of time His Throne was upon the water before He created the earth and the heaven. He (peace be upon him) said: “Are you able to calculate?” He was told: Yes. He said: “If the space from east to west of the earth and from the earth up to the heaven were (filled with) mustard seeds, and you were tasked, despite your weakness, to carry them grain by grain from east to west until you exhausted them, that would be a quarter of a tenth of one part out of seventy thousand parts of the duration of our Lord’s Throne upon the water, before He created the earth and the heaven.” Then he (peace be upon him) said: “I have only given you a parable.”

And, God willing, there will come further detail on this in Sūrat Ṭā Hā regarding His saying: “The Beneficent One is established on the Throne” [1].

قوله تعالى:

وَ لَئِنْ أَخَّرْنٰا عَنْهُمُ الْعَذٰابَ إِلىٰ أُمَّةٍ مَعْدُودَةٍ -إلى قوله تعالى- إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحٰاتِ [8-11]

Translation (Quran 11:8-11, M. H. Shakir):

- 11:8: And if We hold back from them the punishment till a stated term, they will certainly say: What prevents it? Now surely on the day when it will come to them, it shall not be averted from them, and that which they mocked at shall encompass them.

- 11:9: And if We make man taste mercy from Us, then take it off from him, most surely he is despairing, ungrateful.

- 11:10: And if We make him taste favor after distress has afflicted him, he will most surely say: The evils are gone away from me; surely he is exultant, boastful;

- 11:11: Except those who are patient and do good, they shall have forgiveness and a great reward.

99-/5020 _10- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النُعْمَانِيُّ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ،عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ لَئِنْ أَخَّرْنٰا عَنْهُمُ الْعَذٰابَ إِلىٰ أُمَّةٍ مَعْدُودَةٍ .قَالَ:«الْعَذَابُ خُرُوجُ الْقَائِمِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ الْأُمَّةُ الْمَعْدُودَةُ[عِدَّةُ]أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ،أَصْحَابُهُ».

Translation:

Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Nu‘mānī said: Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Sa‘īd informed us ... from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Most High: “And if We hold back from them the punishment till a stated term”—he said: “The punishment is the emergence of the Qā’im (peace be upon him), and the ‘stated term’ (the numbered community) is the number of the people of Badr—his companions.”

99-/5021 _11- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ سَيْفٍ،عَنْ حَسَّانَ،عَنْ هَاشِمِ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ-وَ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-عَنْ عَلِيٍّ)(صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ لَئِنْ أَخَّرْنٰا عَنْهُمُ الْعَذٰابَ إِلىٰ أُمَّةٍ مَعْدُودَةٍ لَيَقُولُنَّ مٰا يَحْبِسُهُ .

قَالَ:«الْأُمَّةُ الْمَعْدُودَةُ:أَصْحَابُ الْقَائِمِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)الثَّلاَثُمِائَةِ وَ الْبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ».

Translation:

‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: Aḥmad b. Idrīs informed us ... from ‘Alī (blessings of Allah be upon him), regarding His saying, Most High: “And if We hold back from them the punishment till a stated term, they will most surely say: What detains it?” He said: “The stated term (the numbered community) are the companions of the Qā’im (peace be upon him)—three hundred and some thirteen.”

_5) -عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام)1:33/134. - ‘Uyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā 1:33/134.

_6) -التوحيد:1/324. - al-Tawḥīd 1:324.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:5/140. - Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 2:5/140.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:6/140. - Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 2:6/140.

_9) -إرشاد القلوب:377«نحوه». - Irshād al-Qulūb: 377 “nahwahu.”

_10) -الغيبة:36/241. - al-Ghayba 36/241.

_11) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:323. - Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:323.

[1] يأتي في الأحاديث(1-12)من تفسير الآية(5)من سورة طه. - Ya’tī fī al-aḥādīth (1–12) min tafsīr al-āya (5) min Sūrat Ṭā Hā.