S 45 Ayat 1 to 5
قوله تعالى:
بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ حم* تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتٰابِ مِنَ اللّٰهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ* إِنَّ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآيٰاتٍ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ -إلى قوله تعالى- آيٰاتٌ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ [1-5]
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
"(1) Ha Meem. (2) The revelation of the Book is from Allah, the Mighty, the Wise. (3) Most surely in the heavens and the earth there are signs for the believers. (4) And in your (own) creation and in what He spreads abroad of animals there are signs for a people who are sure. (5) And the variation of the night and the day, and what Allah sends down of sustenance from the cloud, then gives life thereby to the earth after its death, and the changing of the winds, are signs for a people who understand."
(Quran 45:1-5, M.H. Shakir)
/9729 _1-علي بن إبراهيم:في قوله تعالى: إِنَّ فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآيٰاتٍ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ و هي النجوم و الشمس و القمر،و في الأرض ما يخرج منها من أنواع النبات للناس و الدوابّ لآيات لقوم يعقلون.
99-/9729 _1-
Ali ibn Ibrahim, regarding the saying of Allah, the Exalted:
"Most surely in the heavens and the earth there are signs for the believers." (Quran 45:3, M.H. Shakir)
He said: "It refers to the stars, the sun, and the moon. And in the earth, there are signs in what emerges from it—various kinds of plants for people and animals—'for a people who understand.'" (Quran 45:5, M.H. Shakir)
99-/9730 _2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا،رَفَعَهُ،عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، قَالَ:قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «يَا هِشَامُ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى بَشَّرَ أَهْلَ الْعَقْلِ وَ الْفَهْمِ فِي كِتَابِهِ، فَقَالَ: فَبَشِّرْ عِبٰادِ* اَلَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ أَحْسَنَهُ أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدٰاهُمُ اللّٰهُ وَ أُولٰئِكَ هُمْ أُولُوا الْأَلْبٰابِ [1].
99-/9730 _2-
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub: from Abu Abdillah al-Ash'ari, from some of our companions, who transmitted it, from Hisham ibn al-Hakam, who said:
Abu al-Hasan Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon them) said to me:
"O Hisham, indeed, Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has given glad tidings to the people of intellect and understanding in His Book, as He says:
'Therefore give good news to My servants, Those who listen to the word, then follow the best of it; these are they whom Allah has guided, and these it is who are the men of understanding.' (Quran 39:17-18, M.H. Shakir)"**
يَا هِشَامُ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَكْمَلَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحُجَجَ بِالْعُقُولِ،وَ نَصَرَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِالْبَيَانِ،وَ دَلَّهُمْ عَلَى رُبُوبِيَّتِهِ بِالْأَدِلَّةِ،فَقَالَ: وَ إِلٰهُكُمْ إِلٰهٌ وٰاحِدٌ لاٰ إِلٰهَ إِلاّٰ هُوَ الرَّحْمٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ* إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ اخْتِلاٰفِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ وَ الْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمٰا يَنْفَعُ النّٰاسَ وَ مٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مِنْ مٰاءٍ فَأَحْيٰا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهٰا وَ بَثَّ فِيهٰا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّيٰاحِ وَ السَّحٰابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمٰاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآيٰاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ [2].
99-/9731 _3-
Abu al-Hasan Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon them) said:
"O Hisham, indeed, Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has perfected the proofs for people through intellects, supported the prophets with clear speech, and guided them to His Lordship through evidences.
As He says:
'And your god is one God; there is no god but He, the Beneficent, the Merciful. Most surely in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the ships that run in the sea with that which profits men, and the water that Allah sends down from the cloud, then gives life with it to the earth after its death and spreads in it all kinds of animals, and the changing of the winds and the clouds made subservient between the heaven and the earth, there are signs for a people who understand.' (Quran 2:163-164, M.H. Shakir)"
يَا هِشَامُ،قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ دَلِيلاً عَلَى مَعْرِفَتِهِ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ مُدَبِّراً،فَقَالَ: وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهٰارَ وَ الشَّمْسَ
_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:293.
_2) -الكافي 1:12/10.
[1] الزمر 39:17،18.
[2] البقرة 2:163،164.
Page 24 in Arabic
وَ الْقَمَرَ وَ النُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرٰاتٌ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذٰلِكَ لَآيٰاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ [1] .وَ قَالَ: هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرٰابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلاً ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ثُمَّ لِتَكُونُوا شُيُوخاً وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفّٰى مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَجَلاً مُسَمًّى وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ [2].وَ قَالَ:(إِنَّ فِي اِخْتِلاٰفِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهٰارِ وَ مٰا أَنْزَلَ اللّٰهُ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ مِنْ رِزْقٍ فَأَحْيٰا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهٰا وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّيٰاحِ وَ السَّحٰابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمٰاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآيٰاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ) [3].
99-/9732 _4-
Abu al-Hasan Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon them) said:
"O Hisham, Allah has made these things a proof for knowing Him, by showing that they have a Sustainer and Manager.
As He says:
'And He has made subservient to you the night and the day and the sun and the moon, and the stars are subservient by His command; most surely there are signs in this for a people who understand.' (Quran 16:12, M.H. Shakir)
And He says:
'And He it is Who created you from dust, then from a small seed, then from a clot, then He brings you forth as a child, then that you may attain your maturity, then that you may be old, and of you there are some who are caused to die before—and that you may reach an appointed term, and that you may understand.' (Quran 40:67, M.H. Shakir)
And He says:
'Most surely in the variation of the night and the day, and in what Allah sends down of sustenance from the cloud, then gives life thereby to the earth after its death, and in the changing of the winds and the clouds made subservient between the heaven and the earth, there are signs for a people who understand.' (Quran 45:5, M.H. Shakir)"**
/9731 _3-علي بن إبراهيم:في قوله تعالى: وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّيٰاحِ آيٰاتٌ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ ،أي يجيء من كل جانب و ربما كانت حارة،و ربما كانت باردة،و منها ما
يثير [4]السحاب،و منها ما يبسط الرزق في الأرض [5]،و منها ما يلقح الشجر.
99-/9731 _3-
Ali ibn Ibrahim, regarding the saying of Allah, the Exalted:
"And in the changing of the winds, there are signs for a people who understand." (Quran 45:5, M.H. Shakir)
He said: "It means that the wind comes from every direction; sometimes it is hot, and sometimes it is cold. Some winds stir the clouds, some spread sustenance upon the earth, and some fertilize the trees."
99-/9732 _4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ،عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ،وَ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الرِّيَاحِ الْأَرْبَعِ:
الشَّمَالِ،وَ الْجَنُوبِ،وَ الصَّبَا،وَ الدَّبُورِ،وَ قُلْتُ:إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَذْكُرُونَ أَنَّ الشَّمَالَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ الْجَنُوبَ مِنَ النَّارِ؟ فَقَالَ:«إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جُنُوداً مِنْ رِيَاحٍ،يُعَذِّبُ بِهَا مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِمَّنْ عَصَاهُ،فَلِكُلِّ رِيحٍ مِنْهَا مَلَكٌ مُوَكَّلٌ بِهَا،فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَ قَوْماً بِنَوْعٍ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ أَوْحَى إِلَى الْمَلَكِ الْمُوَكَّلِ بِذَلِكَ النَّوْعِ مِنَ الرِّيحِ الَّتِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا-قَالَ-فَيَأْمُرُهَا الْمَلَكُ فَتَهِيجُ كَمَا يَهِيجُ الْأَسَدُ الْمُغْضَبُ-قَالَ-وَ لِكُلِّ رِيحٍ مِنْهَا اسْمٌ،أَ مَا تَسْمَعُ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: كَذَّبَتْ عٰادٌ فَكَيْفَ كٰانَ عَذٰابِي وَ نُذُرِ* إِنّٰا أَرْسَلْنٰا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحاً صَرْصَراً فِي يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ مُسْتَمِرٍّ [6]،وَ قَالَ: اَلرِّيحَ الْعَقِيمَ [7]،وَ قَالَ: رِيحٌ فِيهٰا عَذٰابٌ أَلِيمٌ [8]،وَ قَالَ: فَأَصٰابَهٰا إِعْصٰارٌ فِيهِ نٰارٌ فَاحْتَرَقَتْ [9]؟وَ مَا ذَكَرَ مِنَ الرِّيَاحِ الَّتِي يُعَذِّبُ اللَّهُ بِهَا مَنْ عَصَاهُ».
99-/9732 _4-
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub: from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, from Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Ali ibn Ri'ab and Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu Basir, who said:
I asked Abu Ja'far (peace be upon him) about the four winds: the north wind (Al-Shamal), the south wind (Al-Janub), the east wind (Al-Saba), and the west wind (Al-Dabur), and I said: "People say that the north wind is from Paradise and the south wind is from the Fire?"
He said:
"Indeed, Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has soldiers among the winds, by which He punishes whomever He wills among those who disobey Him. Each wind has an angel assigned to it. So, when Allah, the Mighty and Glorious, intends to punish a people with a specific type of torment, He commands the angel responsible for that type of wind with which He intends to punish them.
Then, the angel commands the wind, and it stirs up like an enraged lion. Each wind has a specific name, as you hear in the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic:
'Ad denied, so how was My punishment and My warnings! Surely We sent upon them a raging wind in a day of bitter ill-luck.' (Quran 54:18-19, M.H. Shakir)
And He said:
'The destructive wind.' (Quran 51:41, M.H. Shakir)
And He said:
'A wind in which is a painful chastisement.' (Quran 41:16, M.H. Shakir)
And He said:
'So a tornado with fire in it struck it, so it was burnt.' (Quran 2:266, M.H. Shakir)
And whatever Allah has mentioned about the winds with which He punishes those who disobey Him."**
قَالَ:«وَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ رِيَاحُ رَحْمَةٍ لَوَاقِحُ وَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ،يَنْشُرُهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَحْمَتِهِ،مِنْهَا مَا يُهَيِّجُ السَّحَابَ لِلْمَطَرِ، وَ مِنْهَا رِيَاحٌ تَحْبِسُ السَّحَابَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ،وَ رِيَاحٌ تَعْصِرُ السَّحَابَ فَتُمْطِرُهُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ،وَ مِنْهَا مَا [10]عَدَّدَ اللَّهُ فِي
_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:293.
_4) -الكافي 8:63/91.
[1] النحل 16:12.
[2] غافر 40:67.
[3] كذا،و هي مأخوذة من سورة الجاثية 45:5،و التحريف من الرواة أو النسّاخ.
[4] في المصدر:يسير.
[5] في«ط،ي»يبسط في السماء.
[6] القمر 54:18،19.
[7] الذاريات 51:41.
[8] الأحقاف 46:24.
[9] البقرة 2:266.
[10] في المصدر:و منها رياح ممّا.
Page 25 in Arabic
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«أَ مَا تَسْمَعُ لِقَوْلِهِ:رِيحُ الشَّمَالِ،وَ رِيحُ الْجَنُوبِ،وَ رِيحُ الدَّبُورِ،وَ رِيحُ الصَّبَا؟إِنَّمَا تُضَافُ إِلَى الْمَلاَئِكَةِ الْمُوَكَّلِينَ بِهَا».
99-/9733 _5-
Abu Ja'far (peace be upon him) said:
**"And to Allah, the Mighty and Glorious, belong winds of mercy, some of which bring fertilization and others that He spreads before His mercy. Among them are winds that stir the clouds for rain, winds that hold the clouds between the sky and the earth, and winds that squeeze the clouds, causing them to pour rain by Allah’s permission. And among them are those that Allah has enumerated in the Book.
As for the four winds—Al-Shamal (north wind), Al-Janub (south wind), Al-Saba (east wind), and Al-Dabur (west wind)—they are merely the names of the angels assigned to them.
When Allah wills the north wind to blow, He commands the angel whose name is Shamal; the angel descends upon the Sacred House (Ka'bah) and stands at the Shami Corner (northwestern corner of the Ka'bah), then strikes with his wing, dispersing the north wind wherever Allah wills, over land and sea.
When Allah wills the south wind to blow, He commands the angel Janub; the angel descends upon the Sacred House, stands at the Shami Corner, then strikes with his wing, dispersing the south wind over land and sea.
When Allah wills to send the west wind, He commands the angel Dabur; the angel descends upon the Sacred House, stands at the Shami Corner, then strikes with his wing, dispersing the west wind wherever Allah wills, over land and sea."**
Then Abu Ja'far (peace be upon him) said:
"Do you not hear the saying: 'The north wind, the south wind, the west wind, and the east wind?' They are only attributed to the angels assigned to them."
99-/9733 _5- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْكُوفِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْهُذَلِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَفْصٍ الْأَعْمَشُ [1]،عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ بْنِ الْأَزْهَرِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَقِيلٍ،عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ،قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ مُتَلَثِّماً أَسْمَرُ شَدِيدُ السُّمْرَةِ،فَسَلَّمَ فَرَدَّ الْحُسَيْنُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،فَقَالَ:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،مَسْأَلَةٌ؟فَقَالَ:«هَاتِ».فَقَالَ:كَمْ بَيْنَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ الْيَقِينِ؟قَالَ:«أَرْبَعُ أَصَابِعَ»،قَالَ:كَيْفَ؟قَالَ:«الْإِيمَانُ مَا سَمِعْنَاهُ،وَ الْيَقِينُ مَا رَأَيْنَاهُ،وَ بَيْنَ السَّمْعِ وَ الْبَصَرِ أَرْبَعُ أَصَابِعَ».
99-/9733 _5-
Ibn Babawayh said: Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Kufi narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Mahmoud narrated to us, who said: Ahmad ibn Abdillah al-Hudhali narrated to us, who said: Abu Hafs al-A'mash narrated to us, from Anbasa ibn al-Azhar, from Yahya ibn Aqil, from Yahya ibn al-Nu'man, who said:
I was with Al-Husayn (peace be upon him) when a man from the Arabs, dark-skinned and heavily tanned, entered while covering his face. He greeted, and Al-Husayn (peace be upon him) returned his greeting.
Then the man said: "O son of the Messenger of Allah, may I ask a question?"
Al-Husayn (peace be upon him) replied: "Ask."
The man said: "How much is there between faith (Iman) and certainty (Yaqeen)?"
Al-Husayn (peace be upon him) replied: "Four fingers."
The man asked: "How?"
Al-Husayn (peace be upon him) said: "Faith is what we hear, and certainty is what we see. And the distance between hearing and sight is four fingers."