S 2 A 206

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذٰا قِيلَ لَهُ اتَّقِ اللّٰهَ أَخَذَتْهُ الْعِزَّةُ بِالْإِثْمِ فَحَسْبُهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَ لَبِئْسَ الْمِهٰادُ [206]

[Quran 2:206, M. H. Shakir]

And when it is said to him, guard against (the punishment of) Allah, pride carries him off to sin; therefore hell is sufficient for him; and certainly it is an evil resting place.

99- _1- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): « وَ إِذٰا قِيلَ لَهُ لِهَذَا الَّذِي يُعْجِبُكَ قَوْلُهُ اِتَّقِ اللّٰهَ وَ دَعْ سُوءَ صَنِيعِكَ أَخَذَتْهُ الْعِزَّةُ بِالْإِثْمِ الَّذِي هُوَ مُحْتَقِبُهُ [1]،فَيَزْدَادُ إِلَى شَرِّهِ شَرّاً،وَ يُضِيفُ إِلَى ظُلْمِهِ ظُلْماً فَحَسْبُهُ جَهَنَّمُ جَزَاءً لَهُ عَلَى سُوءِ فِعْلِهِ،وَ عَذَاباً وَ لَبِئْسَ الْمِهٰادُ يُمَهِّدُهَا وَ يَكُونُ دَائِماً فِيهَا».

99-1 (al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari: 362/617):

And when it is said to him, regarding the one whose speech pleases you, “Be wary of Allah and abandon your evil deeds,” pride seizes him because of the sin he is laden with, so he adds evil to his evil and wrongdoing to his wrongdoing. So Hell is sufficient for him as a recompense for his evil action and as a torment—and how evil is the bed which he prepares, wherein he shall abide forever.

99- _2- وَ عَنْهُ:قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «ذَمَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذَا الظَّالِمَ الْمُعْتَدِيَ مِنَ الْمُخَالِفِينَ وَ هُوَ عَلَى خِلاَفِ مَا يَقُولُ مُنْطَوٍ،وَ الْإِسَاءَةَ إِلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُضْمِرٌ.فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ الْمُنْتَحِلِينَ لِمَحَبَّتِنَا،وَ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الذُّنُوبَ الَّتِي قَلَّمَا أَصَرَّ عَلَيْهَا صَاحِبُهَا إِلاَّ أَدَّاهُ إِلَى الْخِذْلاَنِ الْمُؤَدِّي إِلَى الْخُرُوجِ عَنْ وَلاَيَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)وَ الطَّيِّبِينَ مِنْ آلِهِمَا،وَ الدُّخُولِ فِي مُوَالاَةِ أَعْدَائِهِمَا،فَإِنَّ مَنْ أَصَرَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَأَدَّى خِذْلاَنُهُ إِلَى الشَّقَاءِ الْأَشْقَى مِنْ مُفَارَقَةِ وَلاَيَةِ سَيِّدِ أُولِي النُّهَى،فَهُوَ مِنْ أَخْسَرِ الْخَاسِرِينَ.

قَالُوا:يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،وَ مَا الذُّنُوبُ الْمُؤَدِّيَةُ إِلَى الْخِذْلاَنِ الْعَظِيمِ؟ قَالَ:ظُلْمُكُمْ لِإِخْوَانِكُمُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ لَكُمْ فِي تَفْضِيلِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ الْقَوْلِ بِإِمَامَتِهِ،وَ إِمَامَةِ مَنِ انْتَجَبَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ مُوَافِقُونَ،وَ مُعَاوَنَتُكُمُ النَّاصِبِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ،وَ لاَ تَغْتَرُّوا بِحِلْمِ اللَّهِ عَنْكُمْ،وَ طُولِ إِمْهَالِهِ لَكُمْ،فَتَكُونُوا كَمَنْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطٰانِ إِذْ قٰالَ لِلْإِنْسٰانِ اكْفُرْ فَلَمّٰا كَفَرَ قٰالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْكَ إِنِّي أَخٰافُ اللّٰهَ رَبَّ الْعٰالَمِينَ [2]كَانَ هَذَا رَجُلٌ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ فِي زَمَانِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ،يَتَعَاطَى الزُّهْدَ وَ الْعِبَادَةَ،وَ قَدْ كَانَ قِيلَ لَهُ:إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الزُّهْدِ، الزُّهْدُ فِي ظُلْمِ إِخْوَانِكَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)وَ الطَّيِّبِينَ مِنْ آلِهِمَا،وَ إِنَّ أَشْرَفَ الْعِبَادَةِ خِدْمَتُكَ إِخْوَانَكَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،الْمُوَافِقِينَ لَكَ عَلَى تَفْضِيلِ سَادَةِ الْوَرَى مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُصْطَفَى،وَ عَلِيٍّ الْمُرْتَضَى،وَ الْمُنْتَجَبِينَ الْمُخْتَارِينَ لِلْقِيَامِ بِسِيَاسَةِ الْوَرَى.

فَعُرِفَ الرَّجُلُ لِمَا كَانَ يُظْهِرُ مِنَ الزُّهْدِ،فَكَانَ إِخْوَانُهُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يُودِعُونَهُ فَيَدَّعِي أَنَّهَا سُرِقَتْ،وَ يَفُوزُ بِهَا،وَ إِذَا لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ دَعْوَى السَّرِقَةِ جَحَدَهَا وَ ذَهَبَ بِهَا.

وَ مَا زَالَ هَكَذَا وَ الدَّعَاوِي لاَ تُقْبَلُ فِيهِ،وَ الظُّنُونُ تَحْسُنُ بِهِ،وَ يُقْتَصَرُ مِنْهُ عَلَى أَيْمَانِهِ الْفَاجِرَةِ إِلَى أَنْ خَذَلَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى،فَوُضِعَتْ عِنْدَهُ جَارِيَةٌ مِنْ أَجْمَلِ النِّسَاءِ قَدْ جُنَّتْ لِيُرْقِيَهَا بِرُقْيَةٍ فَتَبْرَأَ،أَوْ يُعَالِجَهَا بِدَوَاءٍ،فَحَمَلَهُ الْخِذْلاَنُ

99-2 (al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari: 363/618):

And from him: ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn (peace be upon them) said: Allah, exalted is He, condemned this unjust aggressor among the dissenters—he is inwardly contrary to what he professes and harbors ill-will toward the believers. So be mindful of Allah, O servants of Allah who lay claim to our love, and beware of sins whose persistence rarely fails to lead their perpetrator to abandonment (by Allah), which results in departing from the guardianship of Muhammad and ‘Ali (peace be upon them) and the pure ones from their progeny, and entering into the allegiance of their enemies. Whoever persists in that, and his being forsaken leads him to the most wretched misery of parting from the guardianship of the master of those endowed with understanding, is among the greatest losers.

They said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, which sins lead to this great abandonment? He said: Your wrongdoing toward your brothers who agree with you in preferring ‘Ali (peace be upon him), in affirming his Imamate and the Imamate of those whom Allah has chosen from his progeny, and your aiding the Nawasib against them. Do not be deceived by Allah’s forbearance toward you and the length of His reprieve for you, lest you become like whom Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “Like the Shaitan when he says to man: Disbelieve, but when he disbelieves, he says: Surely I am clear of you; surely I fear Allah, the Lord of the worlds.” [Quran 59:16, M. H. Shakir]

There was a man among those before you, in the time of the Children of Israel, who took to asceticism and worship. It had been said to him: The best asceticism is refraining from wronging your brothers who believe in Muhammad and ‘Ali (peace be upon them) and the pure ones of their family; and the noblest worship is your service to your believing brothers—those who agree with you in preferring the lords of creation, Muhammad the Chosen and ‘Ali the Elect, and the select ones appointed to manage the polity of creation.

The man became renowned for what he outwardly displayed of asceticism, so his believing brothers would deposit their goods with him; he would then claim they had been stolen and seize them. If he could not avail himself of the claim of theft, he would deny the trusts and abscond with them.

He continued thus, while lawsuits were not admitted against him, good opinion favored him, and people accepted only his wicked oaths—until Allah, exalted is He, forsook him. A maiden of the most beautiful women, who had gone insane, was entrusted to him so that he might heal her with incantation or treat her with medicine. When her madness prevailed over her, abandonment drove him to have intercourse with her and he impregnated her. When she drew near to delivery, Satan came to him and suggested to his mind that she would give birth and be known as one with whom he had committed fornication, and she would be killed; “So kill her and bury her beneath your place of prayer.” He killed her and buried her. Her family sought her; he said: “Her madness increased until she died.” They suspected him and dug beneath his prayer place and found her murdered, buried, and pregnant near term. They seized him, and in addition to this crime there were the many claims of those he had denied, so the accusations against him grew strong and his avenues were constricted. He confessed his sin—his fornication with her and his killing her—so his belly and back were filled with lashes, and he was crucified upon a tree.

Then one of the human devils came to him and said: What has the worship of the one you worshiped availed you, or the allegiance to those you befriended—Muhammad and ‘Ali and the pure ones of their family—those who claimed that in hardships they are your helpers and in calamities your supporters? What you hoped for has vanished like scattered dust. Their reports to you and their promises were of the greatest delusion and the vainest of vanities. I am the Imam to whom you used to call, and the possessor of the truth to whom you directed others. Formerly you were deluded in believing in the Imamate of other than me. If you want me to deliver you from these people, take you to a far-off land, and make you there a chief and a master, then prostrate to me upon this piece of wood of yours—a prostration acknowledging that I am the sovereign to save you—so that I may save you. Wretchedness and abandonment overcame him; he believed his word and prostrated to him. Then he said: Deliver me. He replied: “Surely I am clear of you; surely I fear Allah, the Lord of the worlds.” And he began to mock and deride him. The crucified man became bewildered, his belief was shaken, and he died with the worst of outcomes. That is what led him to this abandonment.

99- _3- (مَكَارِمُ الْأَخْلَاقِ):عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ-فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ-قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): «يَا ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ،إِذَا قِيلَ لَكَ:اِتَّقِ اللَّهَ فَلاَ تَغْضَبْ،فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: وَ إِذٰا قِيلَ لَهُ اتَّقِ اللّٰهَ أَخَذَتْهُ الْعِزَّةُ بِالْإِثْمِ فَحَسْبُهُ جَهَنَّمُ ».

99-3 (Makārim al-Akhlāq: 452):

From ‘Abd Allah ibn Mas‘ud—in a long narration—he said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) said: O Ibn Mas‘ud, when it is said to you, “Be wary of Allah,” do not become angry, for He says: “And when it is said to him, ‘Guard against Allah,’ pride carries him off to sin; therefore Hell is sufficient for him.”

قوله تعالى:

فَإِنْ زَلَلْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا جٰاءَتْكُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللّٰهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ [209]

[Quran 2:209, M. H. Shakir]

But if you slip after clear arguments have come to you, then know that Allah is Mighty, Wise.

99- _1- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):-فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ-قَالَ: « فَإِنْ زَلَلْتُمْ عَنِ السِّلْمِ وَ الْإِسْلاَمِ الَّذِي تَمَامُهُ بِاعْتِقَادِ وَلاَيَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ لاَ يَنْفَعُ الْإِقْرَارُ بِالنُّبُوَّةِ مَعَ جَحْدِ إِمَامَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،كَمَا لاَ يَنْفَعُ الْإِقْرَارُ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ مَعَ جَحْدِ النُّبُوَّةِ،إِنْ زَلَلْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مٰا جٰاءَتْكُمُ الْبَيِّنٰاتُ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَ فَضِيلَتِهِ،وَ أَتَتْكُمُ الدَّلاَلاَتُ الْوَاضِحَاتُ الْبَاهِرَاتُ عَلَى أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)الدَّالَّ عَلَى إِمَامَةِ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)نَبِيُّ صِدْقٍ،وَ دِينَهُ دِينُ حَقٍّ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللّٰهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ قَادِرٌ عَلَى مُعَاقَبَةِ الْمُخَالِفِينَ لِدِينِهِ وَ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ لِنَبِيِّهِ،لاَ

99-1 (al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari: 366/627):

In a long narration, he said: But if you slip from peace and Islam—whose completion is by believing in the guardianship of ‘Ali (peace be upon him), and acknowledgment of prophethood does not benefit alongside denial of the Imamate of ‘Ali (peace be upon him), just as acknowledgment of Divine Unity does not benefit alongside denial of prophethood—if you slip after clear proofs have come to you from the statement of the Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) and his excellence, and the manifest, dazzling evidences have come to you that Muhammad (blessings be upon him and his family), who indicated the Imamate of ‘Ali (peace be upon him), is a truthful Prophet and that his religion is the religion of truth—then know that Allah is Mighty, Wise, able to punish those who oppose His religion and belie His Prophet…

[المراجع]

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):362/617.

_2) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):363/618.

_3) -مكارم الأخلاق:452.

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):366/627.

[الحواشي]

[1] أي جامعه — ay jāmi‘uhu

[2] الحشر 59:16 — al-Hashr 59:16

[1] أي يستهزئ — ay yastahzi’u