S 2 A 226-227

عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: لاٰ يُؤٰاخِذُكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمٰانِكُمْ .قَالَ:«اللَّغْوُ: قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،وَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ،وَ لاَ يَعْقِدُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ».

English: ‘Abdullah (peace be upon him) said: I heard him say regarding the saying of Allah, “Allah does not call you to account for what is vain in your oaths”: “The vain [oath] is a man’s saying ‘No, by Allah,’ and ‘Yes, by Allah,’ when he does not bind himself to anything.”

Quran (al-Baqara 2:225)

لا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ

99-/1171 (Reference: Quran 2:225; M. H. Shakir): Allah does not call you to account for what is vain in your oaths, but He calls you to account for what your hearts have earned, and Allah is Forgiving, Forbearing.

99-/1171 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: لاٰ يُؤٰاخِذُكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمٰانِكُمْ .قَالَ:«هُوَ لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،وَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ،وَ كَلاَّ وَ اللَّهِ،وَ لاَ يَعْقِدُ عَلَيْهَا،أَوْ لاَ يَعْقِدُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ».

99-/1171 (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:341/112): Al-‘Ayyashi, from Abu al-Sabbah, said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about Allah’s saying, “Allah does not call you to account for what is vain in your oaths.” He said: “It is ‘No, by Allah,’ and ‘Yes, by Allah,’ and ‘By no means, by Allah,’ and he does not bind himself by it, or does not bind himself to anything.”

99-/1172 _3- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ،قَالَ: اخْتَلَفُوا فِي يَمِينِ اللَّغْوِ،فَقِيلَ:مَا يَجْرِي عَلَى عَادَةِ النَّاسِ،مِنْ قَوْلِ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،وَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ،مِنْ غَيْرِ عَقْدٍ عَلَى يَمِينٍ يُقْتَطَعُ بِهَا مَالٌ،وَ لاَ يُظْلَمُ بِهَا أَحَدٌ. قَالَ:وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ،وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ).

99-/1172 (Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:568): Abū ‘Alī al-Ṭabrisī said: They differed regarding the vain oath. It is said that it is what people commonly utter, such as: “No, by Allah,” and “Yes, by Allah,” without binding an oath by which property is cut off [i.e., awarded] or anyone is wronged. He said: And this is narrated from Abū Ja‘far and Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon them both).

قوله تعالى:

لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسٰائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ فٰاؤُ فَإِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ[226]

Quran (al-Baqara 2:226; M. H. Shakir): For those who swear that they will not go in to their wives, there is a respite of four months; then if they go back, Allah is surely Forgiving, Merciful.

99-/1173 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَيْفٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،كَيْفَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلاَثَ حِيَضٍ،أَوْ ثَلاَثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً؟ فَقَالَ:«أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلاَثَةُ قُرُوءٍ فَلاِسْتِبْرَاءِ الرَّحِمِ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ،وَ أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَرَطَ لِلنِّسَاءِ شَرْطاً،وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَرْطاً،فَلَمْ يُحَابِهِنَّ فِيمَا شَرَطَ لَهُنَّ،وَ لَمْ يَجُرْ فِيمَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ؛فَأَمَّا مَا شَرَطَ لَهُنَّ فِي الْإِيلاَءِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ؛إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسٰائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَلَمْ يُجَوِّزْ لِأَحَدٍ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فِي الْإِيلاَءِ،لِعِلْمِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ غَايَةُ صَبْرِ الْمَرْأَةِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ،وَ أَمَّا مَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ،فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ إِذَا مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً،فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ مَا أَخَذَ لَهَا مِنْهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ عِنْدَ إِيلاَئِهِ؛قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً [1]وَ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْعَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْعِدَّةِ إِلاَّ مَعَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ،وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ غَايَةَ صَبْرِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فِي تَرْكِ الْجِمَاعِ،فَمِنْ ثَمَّ أَوْجَبَهُ لَهَا وَ عَلَيْهَا» [2].

99-/1173 (al-Kāfī 6:1/113; includes Quran 2:234): Muhammad b. Ya‘qūb, from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, from al-Husayn b. Sayf, from Muhammad b. Sulaymān, from Abū Ja‘far al-Thānī (peace be upon him), said: I said to him: May I be your ransom, how is it that the waiting period (‘idda) of the divorced woman is three menstrual periods or three months, while the waiting period of the woman whose husband dies is four months and ten [days]? He said: “As for the ‘idda of the divorced, it is three quru’ to clear the womb from pregnancy. As for the ‘idda of the one whose husband has died, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, stipulated a condition for women and He stipulated upon them a condition. He did not favor them in what He stipulated for them, nor was He unjust in what He stipulated upon them. What He stipulated for them in īlā’ is four months; Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘For those who swear that they will not go in to their wives, there is a respite of four months,’ so He did not allow anyone more than four months in īlā’, knowing—Blessed and Exalted is He—that this is the limit of a woman’s patience away from a man. And what He stipulated upon them is that He commanded her that when her husband dies she observes ‘idda of four months and ten. Thus He took from her for him at his death what He took for her from him in his life at his īlā’. Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said: ‘They shall wait, by themselves, for four months and ten [days]’ [1], and He did not mention ten days in ‘idda except together with the four months, and He knew that the limit of a woman’s patience in abstaining from intercourse is four months; therefore He made it obligatory for her and upon her.” [2]

Quran (al-Baqara 2:234; M. H. Shakir)

وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ

99-/1173 (Reference: Quran 2:234; M. H. Shakir): And those of you who die and leave wives behind, they (the wives) shall wait by themselves for four months and ten days; then when they have fully attained their term, there is no blame on you for what they do for themselves in a lawful manner; and Allah is aware of what you do.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:341/112.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:341/112.

_3) -مجمع البيان 2:568.

_3) -Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:568.

_1) -الكافي 6:1/113.

_1) -al-Kāfī 6:1/113.

[1] البقرة 2:234.

[1] al-Baqara 2:234.

[2] في المصدر:أوجبه عليها و لها.

[2] fī al-maṣdar: awjabahu ‘alayhā wa lahā.

99-/1174 _2- عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادٍ،عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَهْجُرُ امْرَأَتَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ طَلاَقٍ وَ لاَ يَمِينٍ سَنَةً لَمْ يَقْرَبْ فِرَاشَهَا.قَالَ:«لِيَأْتِ أَهْلَهُ». وَ قَالَ:«أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ-وَ الْإِيلاَءُ:أَنْ يَقُولَ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ لاَ أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا،وَ يَقُولُ:وَ اللَّهِ،لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ. ثُمَّ يُغَاضِبُهَا-فَإِنَّهُ يَتَرَبَّصُ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ،ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَيُوقَفُ،فَإِنْ فَاءَ-وَ الْإِيفَاءُ:أَنْ يُصَالِحَ أَهْلَهُ- فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ،فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفِئْ جُبِرَ عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ،وَ لاَ يَقَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا طَلاَقٌ حَتَّى يُوقَفَ،وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَيْضاً بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ يُجْبَرُ عَلَى أَنْ يَفِيءَ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ».

99-/1174 (al-Kāfī 6:2/130): From him, from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, from Ibn Abī ‘Umayr, from Ḥammād, from al-Ḥalabī: He said: I asked Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about a man who shuns his wife for a year without divorce and without an oath, not approaching her bed. He said: “Let him go to his family.” And he said: “Any man who performs īlā’ from his wife—īlā’ is that he says: ‘No, by Allah, I will not have intercourse with you for such-and-such,’ and he says: ‘By Allah, I will surely vex you,’ then he angers her—then he waits with respect to her for four months. Then after the four months he is taken and made to stand [before the authority]. If he returns—and returning means to reconcile with his family—then Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. If he does not return, he is compelled to divorce. No divorce occurs between them until he is made to stand [before the authority], and even after the four months he is compelled to either return or divorce.”

99-/1175 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ،عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ،وَ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)أَنَّهُمَا قَالاَ: «إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ أَنْ لاَ يَقْرَبَ امْرَأَتَهُ،فَلَيْسَ لَهَا قَوْلٌ وَ لاَ حَقٌّ فِي الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ،وَ لاَ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ فِي كَفِّهِ عَنْهَا فِي الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ،فَإِنْ مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا،فَمَا سَكَتَتْ وَ رَضِيَتْ فَهُوَ فِي حِلٍّ وَ سَعَةٍ،فَإِنْ رَفَعَتْ أَمْرَهَا،قِيلَ لَهُ:إِمَّا أَنْ تَفِيءَ فَتَمَسَّهَا،وَ إِمَّا أَنْ تُطَلِّقَ،وَ عَزْمُ الطَّلاَقِ أَنْ يُخَلِّيَ عَنْهَا،فَإِذَا حَاضَتْ وَ طَهُرَتْ طَلَّقَهَا،وَ هُوَ أَحَقُّ بِرَجْعَتِهَا مَا لَمْ تَمْضِ ثَلاَثَةُ قُرُوءٍ،فَهَذَا الْإِيلاَءُ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ وَ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

99-/1175 (al-Kāfī 6:7/131): From him, from ‘Alī, from his father, from Ḥammād b. ‘Īsā, from ‘Umar b. Udhayna, from Bukayr b. A‘yan and Burayd b. Mu‘āwiyah, from Abū Ja‘far and Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon them): “When a man performs īlā’ that he will not approach his wife, she has no say and no right during the four months, and there is no sin upon him in his refraining from her during the four months. If the four months pass before he touches her, then so long as she keeps silent and is content, he is in ease and latitude. But if she raises her case, it is said to him: Either you return and touch her, or you divorce. The determination of divorce is that he releases her. Then when she menstruates and becomes pure, he divorces her, and he has more right to take her back so long as three quru’ have not passed. This is the īlā’ which Allah, Blessed and Exalted, sent down in His Book and [is in] the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family).”

99-/1176 _4- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ،عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ بَعْدَ مَا دَخَلَ بِهَا. فَقَالَ:«إِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وُقِفَ،وَ إِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ حِينٍ،فَإِنْ فَاءَ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ وَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ،وَ إِنْ عَزَمَ الطَّلاَقَ فَقَدْ عَزَمَ». وَ قَالَ:«الْإِيلاَءُ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لاِمْرَأَتِهِ:وَ اللَّهِ،لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ وَ لَأَسُوءَنَّكِ،ثُمَّ يَهْجُرَهَا وَ لاَ يُجَامِعَهَا حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ،فَإِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ الْإِيلاَءُ،وَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُجْبِرَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَفِيءَ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ،فَإِنْ فَاءَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ،وَ إِنْ عَزَمَ الطَّلاَقَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ».

99-/1176 (al-Kāfī 6:7/132): From him, from Muhammad b. Yaḥyā, from Aḥmad b. Muhammad, from Muhammad b. Ismā‘īl, from Muhammad b. al-Fuḍayl, from Abū al-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kinānī: He said: I asked Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about a man who performs īlā’ from his wife after he has had intercourse with her. He said: “When four months have passed, he is made to stand [before the authority], even if it is after some time. If he returns, then it is nothing and she is his wife; and if he determines upon divorce, then he has determined.” And he said: “Īlā’ is that a man says to his wife, ‘By Allah, I will surely vex you and surely grieve you,’ then he shuns her and does not have intercourse with her until four months pass. When four months have passed, īlā’ has taken effect, and it is proper for the Imam to compel him to return or to divorce. If he returns, then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful; and if he determines upon divorce, then surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing—and that is the word of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, in His Book.”

99-/1177 _5- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ،وَ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ،عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ابْنُ نُوحٍ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ،عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ،وَ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ،عَنِ ابْنِ سَمَاعَةَ،جَمِيعاً،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْإِيلاَءِ،مَا هُوَ؟

99-/1177 (al-Kāfī 6:9/132): From him, from Abū ‘Alī al-Ash‘arī, and Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Jabbār, and Abū al-‘Abbās Muhammad b. Ja‘far, from Ayyūb b. Nūḥ and Muhammad b. Ismā‘īl, from al-Faḍl b. Shādhān, and Ḥumayd b. Ziyād, from Ibn Samā‘ah, all from Ṣafwān, from Ibn Miskān, from Abū Baṣīr, from Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about īlā’—what is it?

فَقَالَ:«هُوَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لاِمْرَأَتِهِ:وَ اللَّهِ،لاَ أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا.وَ يَقُولُ:وَ اللَّهِ،لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ.فَيَتَرَبَّصُ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ،ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ فَيُوقَفُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ،فَإِنْ فَاءَ-وَ هُوَ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ الرَّجُلُ أَهْلَهُ-فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ،وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفِئْ جُبِرَ عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ،وَ لاَ يَقَعُ طَلاَقٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا،وَ لَوْ كَانَ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ،مَا لَمْ تَرْفَعْهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ».

99-/1177 (al-Kāfī 6:9/132): He said: “It is that a man says to his wife: ‘By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you for such-and-such,’ and says: ‘By Allah, I will surely vex you.’ He then waits with her for four months. Then he is taken and made to stand after the four months. If he returns—and that is that the man reconciles with his family—then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. If he does not return, he is compelled to divorce. No divorce takes place between them, even after the four months, unless she brings him to the Imam.”

99-/1178 _6- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ بُرَيْدٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)-فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ-قَالَ فِيهِ: «فَمَا رَجَعَ إِلَى مَكَانِهِ مِنْ قَوْلٍ أَوْ فِعْلٍ فَقَدْ فَاءَ؛مِثْلُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَإِنْ فٰاؤُ فَإِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ أَيْ رَجَعُوا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ إِنْ عَزَمُوا الطَّلاٰقَ فَإِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ».

99-/1178 (al-Kāfī 5:1/16; includes Quran 2:226–227): From him, from ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm, from his father, from Bakr b. Ṣāliḥ, from al-Qāsim b. Burayd, from Abū ‘Amr al-Zubayrī, from Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him)—in a long hadith—he said therein: “Whatever returns to its place, of speech or action, then he has ‘returned’ (fā’a)—like the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: ‘Then if they go back, Allah is surely Forgiving, Merciful,’ meaning: they returned. Then He said: ‘And if they resolve on divorce, then surely Allah is Hearing, Knowing’ [Quran 2:227].”

99-/1179 _7- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنْ صَفْوَانَ،عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «الْإِيلاَءُ:هُوَ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ أَنْ لاَ يُجَامِعَهَا،فَإِنْ صَبَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَلَهَا أَنْ تَصْبِرَ،وَ إِنْ رَافَعَتْهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْظَرَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ،ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ:إِمَّا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْمُنَاكَحَةِ،وَ إِمَّا أَنْ تُطَلِّقَ،وَ إِلاَّ حَبَسْتُكَ أَبَداً».

99-/1179 (Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:73): ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: My father narrated to me, from Ṣafwān, from Ibn Miskān, from Abū Baṣīr, from Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): “Īlā’ is that a man swears concerning his wife that he will not have intercourse with her. If she is patient with him, she may be patient; but if she litigates against him before the Imam, he gives him a respite of four months. Then after that he says to him: Either return to marital relations, or divorce; otherwise I will imprison you forever.”

99-/1180 _8- قَالَ:«وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) أَنَّهُ بَنَى حَظِيرَةً مِنْ قَصَبٍ،وَ جَعَلَ فِيهَا رَجُلاً آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ بَعْدَ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ،فَقَالَ لَهُ:إِمَّا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْمُنَاكَحَةِ،وَ إِمَّا أَنْ تُطَلِّقَ وَ إِلاَّ أَحْرَقْتُ عَلَيْكَ الْحَظِيرَةَ».

99-/1180 (Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:73): He said: “And it is reported from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) that he built an enclosure of reeds and put in it a man who had performed īlā’ from his wife after four months, and said to him: Either return to marital relations, or divorce; otherwise I will burn the enclosure over you.”

99-/1181 _9- الشَّيْخُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ. فَقَالَ:«الْإِيلاَءُ:أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ:وَ اللَّهِ،لاَ أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا.فَإِنَّهُ يَتَرَبَّصُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ،فَإِنْ فَاءَ-وَ الْإِيفَاءُ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ أَهْلَهُ-فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ،وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفِئْ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ حُبِسَ حَتَّى يُصَالِحَ أَهْلَهُ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ،جُبِرَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَ لاَ يَقَعُ طَلاَقٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى يُوقَفَ،وَ إِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ،فَإِنْ أَبَى فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا الْإِمَامُ».

99-/1181 (Tahdhīb 8:24/8): Al-Shaykh, with his chain, from al-Ḥusayn b. Sa‘īd, from ‘Uthmān b. ‘Īsā, from Samā‘ah: He said: I asked him about a man who performs īlā’ from his wife. He said: “Īlā’ is that a man says: ‘By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you for such-and-such.’ He then waits four months. If he returns—and returning is that he reconciles with his family—then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. If he does not return after four months, he is imprisoned until he reconciles with his family or divorces; he is compelled to that. No divorce takes place between them until he is made to stand [before the authority], even if it is after the four months. If he refuses, the Imam separates the two of them.”

99-/1182 _10- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ فِي الْإِيلاَءِ:«إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ،لاَ يَقْرَبُهَا وَ لاَ يَمَسُّهَا وَ لاَ يَجْمَعُ رَأْسَهُ وَ رَأْسَهَا،فَهُوَ فِي سَعَةٍ مَا لَمْ يَمْضِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ،فَإِذْ مَضَى الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَهُوَ فِي حِلٍّ مَا سَكَتَتْ عَنْهُ،فَإِذَا طَلَبَتْ حَقَّهَا بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وُقِفَ؛فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ فَيَمَسَّهَا،وَ إِمَّا أَنْ يَعْزِمَ عَلَى الطَّلاَقِ فَيُخَلِّيَ عَنْهَا،حَتَّى إِذَا حَاضَتْ وَ تَطَهَّرَتْ مِنْ مَحِيضِهَا،طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُجَامِعَهَا بِشَهَادَةِ عَدْلَيْنِ،ثُمَّ هُوَ أَحَقُّ بِرَجْعَتِهَا مَا لَمْ يَمْضِ الثَّلاَثَةُ أَقْرَاءٍ».

99-/1182 (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:342–343/113): Al-‘Ayyāshī, from Burayd b. Mu‘āwiyah, said: I heard Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) say regarding īlā’: “When a man performs īlā’ from his wife, not approaching her nor touching her nor bringing his head and her head together, he is in latitude so long as four months have not passed. When the four months have passed, he is still in latitude so long as she keeps silent about him. When she demands her right after the four months, he is made to stand [before the authority]: either he returns and touches her, or he resolves upon divorce and releases her. Then when she menstruates and becomes pure from her menstruation, he divorces her with one divorce before he has intercourse with her, in the presence of two just witnesses. Then he has more right to take her back so long as three quru’ have not passed.”

99-/1183 _11- عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ-وَ الْإِيلاَءُ:أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ:وَ اللَّهِ،لاَ أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا.وَ يَقُولُ:وَ اللَّهِ،لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ.ثُمَّ يُغَايِظُهَا،وَ لَأَسُوءَنَّكِ.ثُمَّ يَهْجُرُهَا فَلاَ يُجَامِعُهَا-فَإِنَّهُ يَتَرَبَّصُ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ،فَإِنْ فَاءَ-وَ الْإِيفَاءُ:أَنْ يُصَالِحَ- فَإِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفِئْ جُبِرَ عَلَى الطَّلاَقِ،وَ لاَ يَقَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا طَلاَقٌ حَتَّى تُوقَفَ،وَ إِنْ عَزَمَ الطَّلاَقَ فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ».

99-/1183 (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:343/113): From al-Ḥalabī, from Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): “Any man who performs īlā’ from his wife—īlā’ is that a man says: ‘By Allah, I will not have intercourse with you for such-and-such,’ and he says: ‘By Allah, I will surely vex you,’ then he vexes her, ‘and I will surely grieve you,’ then he shuns her and does not have intercourse with her—then he waits with her for four months. If he returns—and returning is reconciliation—then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. If he does not return, he is compelled to divorce; and no divorce occurs between them until she is brought [to the authority]. If he determines upon divorce, it is a single divorce.”

99-/1184 _12- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ ،فِي رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ حَتَّى مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ.قَالَ:«يُوقَفُ،فَإِنْ عَزَمَ الطَّلاَقَ اعْتَدَّتِ امْرَأَتُهُ كَمَا تَعْتَدُّ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ،وَ إِنْ أَمْسَكَ فَلاَ بَأْسَ».

99-/1184 (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:344/113): From Abū Baṣīr, regarding a man who performed īlā’ from his wife until four months passed. He said: “He is made to stand [before the authority]. If he determines upon divorce, his wife observes the waiting period as a divorced woman does; and if he keeps [her], there is no harm.”

99-/1185 _13- عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ،فَمَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ.قَالَ:«يُوقَفُ،فَإِنْ عَزَمَ الطَّلاَقَ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ،وَ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ،وَ إِلاَّ كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ وَ أَمْسَكَهَا».

99-/1185 (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:345/113): From Manṣūr b. Ḥāzim: He said: I asked Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about a man who performed īlā’ from his wife, and four months passed. He said: “He is made to stand [before the authority]. If he determines upon divorce, she is separated from him, and she has the ‘idda of a divorced woman; otherwise he expiates his oath and keeps her.”

99-/1186 _14- عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ،عَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: ذُكِرَ لَنَا:«أَنَّ أَجَلَ الْإِيلاَءِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ بَعْدَ مَا يَأْتِيَانِ السُّلْطَانَ،فَإِذَا مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ؛فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ،وَ إِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ،وَ الْإِمْسَاكُ:اَلْمَسِيسُ».

99-/1186 (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:346/113): From al-‘Abbās b. Hilāl, from al-Riḍā (peace be upon him): He said: It was mentioned to us: “That the term of īlā’ is four months after they come to the authority; when the four months pass, if he wishes he keeps [her], and if he wishes he divorces. And ‘keeping’ means intercourse.”

99-/1187 _15- سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِذَا بَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ،هَلْ يَخْطُبُهَا مَعَ الْخُطَّابِ؟قَالَ:«يَخْطُبُهَا عَلَى تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ،وَ لاَ يَقْرَبُهَا حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ».

99-/1187 (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:347/113): Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) was asked: When a woman becomes separated (bā’in) from a man, may he propose to her along with the suitors? He said: “He may propose to her when there are two divorces [remaining], and he must not approach her until he expiates his oath.”

99-/1188 _16- عَنْ صَفْوَانَ،عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي الْمُؤْلِي إِذَا أَبَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ.قَالَ: «كَانَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَجْعَلُ لَهُ حَظِيرَةً مِنْ قَصَبٍ،وَ يَحْبِسُهُ فِيهَا،وَ يَمْنَعُهُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَ».

99-/1188 (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:348/114): From Ṣafwān, from some of his companions, from Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding the one who performs īlā’ if he refuses to divorce. He said: “Alī (peace be upon him) would make for him an enclosure of reeds, imprison him in it, and prevent him from food and drink until he divorces.”

99-/1189 _17- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي الرَّجُلِ إِذَا آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ،فَمَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ لَمْ يَفِئْ،فَهِيَ مُطَلَّقَةٌ،ثُمَّ يُوقَفُ؛فَإِنْ فَاءَ فَهِيَ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ،وَ إِنْ عَزَمَ فَهِيَ بَائِنَةٌ مِنْهُ».

99-/1189 (Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:349/114): From Abū Baṣīr, from Abū ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding a man who performs īlā’ from his wife, and four months pass and he does not return: “She is [considered] divorced. Then he is made to stand [before the authority]. If he returns, then she remains with him with two divorces [left]; and if he determines [upon divorce], she is separated from him (bā’in).”

قوله تعالى:

وَإِنْ عَزَمُوا الطَّلَاقَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ [227]

Quran (al-Baqara 2:227; M. H. Shakir): And if they resolve on a divorce, then Allah is surely Hearing, Knowing.

_6) -الكافي 5:1/16.

_6) -al-Kāfī 5:1/16.

_7) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:73.

_7) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:73.

_8) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:73.

_8) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:73.

_9) -التهذيب 8:24/8.

_9) -al-Tahdhīb 8:24/8.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:342/113.

_10) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:342/113.

[1] البقرة 2:227.

[1] al-Baqara 2:227.

[2] في المصدر:أو.

[2] fī al-maṣdar: aw.

[3] في«ط»:أمضى.

[3] fī “Ṭ”: amḍā’.