Al-Isra Ayah 13

الإسراء آيه 13

صَارَتْ سَبْعَةَ أَطْبَاقٍ أَلْبَسَهَا اللَّهُ لِبَاساً مِنْ مَاءٍ،فَمِنْ هُنَالِكَ صَارَ الْقَمَرُ أَبْرَدَ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ.

It became seven layers to which Allah gave a garment of water, and from there the moon became cooler than the sun.

99-/6280 _5- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فَمَحَوْنٰا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ ،قَالَ:«هُوَ السَّوَادُ الَّذِي فِي جَوْفِ الْقَمَرِ».

99-/6280: Al-‘Ayyāshī: From Abū Baṣīr, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) regarding “So We effaced the sign of the night,” he said: It is the blackness within the moon.

99-/6281 _6- عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ قَابُوسَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «السَّوَادُ الَّذِي فِي الْقَمَرِ:مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)».

99-/6281: From Naṣr b. Qābūs, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), he said: The blackness in the moon is Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family).

99-/6282 _7- عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ،قَالَ:كُنْتُ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ،فَسَمِعْتُ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَ هُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ،وَ نَادَاهُ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ وَ هُوَ فِي مُؤَخَّرِ الْمَسْجِدِ،فَقَالَ:يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ،أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ هَذَا السَّوَادِ فِي الْقَمَرِ؟فَقَالَ:«هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ:

فَمَحَوْنٰا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ ».

99-/6282: From Abū al-Ṭufayl, who said: I was in the Kufa Mosque and heard ‘Alī (peace be upon him) upon the pulpit. Ibn al-Kawwā’ called out to him from the back of the mosque: O Commander of the Faithful, inform me about this blackness in the moon. He said: It is the saying of Allah: “So We effaced the sign of the night.”

99-/6283 _8- عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ،قَالَ:قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «سَلُونِي عَنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ،فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ آيَةٍ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ عَرَفْتُ بِلَيْلٍ نَزَلَتْ أَمْ بِنَهَارٍ،فِي سَهْلٍ أَوْ فِي جَبَلٍ».فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ:فَمَا هَذَا السَّوَادُ فِي الْقَمَرِ؟فَقَالَ:

«أَعْمَى سَأَلَ عَنْ عَمْيَاءَ،أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَ جَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهٰارَ آيَتَيْنِ فَمَحَوْنٰا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَ جَعَلْنٰا آيَةَ النَّهٰارِ مُبْصِرَةً فَذَلِكَ مَحْوُهَا».

قَالَ:يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ* جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهٰا؟ قَالَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«تِلْكَ فِي الْأَفْجَرَيْنِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ».

99-/6283: From Abū al-Ṭufayl, who said: ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him) said: Ask me about the Book of Allah, for there is no verse except that I know whether it was sent down by night or by day, in the plain or in the mountain. Ibn al-Kawwā’ said to him: Then what is this blackness in the moon? He said: A blind man has asked about a blind matter! Have you not heard Allah say: “And We have made the night and the day two signs; then We effaced the sign of the night and We made the sign of the day to see;” that is its effacement. He said: Allah says: “Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people to alight into the abode of perdition, hell; they shall enter it.” He (peace be upon him) said: That is about the two most depraved ones of Quraysh.

قوله تعالى:

وَ كُلَّ إِنسٰانٍ أَلْزَمْنٰاهُ طٰائِرَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ [13]

Quran 17:13 (M. H. Shakir): And We have made every man’s actions to cling to his neck, and We will bring forth to him on the day of resurrection a book which he will find wide open.

99-/6284 _1- علي بن إبراهيم قال:قدره الذي قدر عليه.

99-/6284: ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: His decree which has been decreed upon him.

99-/6285 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ حُمْرَانَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِهِ:

وَ كُلَّ إِنسٰانٍ أَلْزَمْنٰاهُ طٰائِرَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ ،قَالَ:«قَدَرَهُ الَّذِي قُدِّرَ عَلَيْهِ».

99-/6285: Al-‘Ayyāshī: From Zurārah, Ḥumrān, and Muḥammad b. Muslim, from Abū Ja‘far and Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon them both), regarding His saying: “And We have made every man’s actions to cling to his neck,” he said: His decree which has been decreed upon him.

99-/6286 _1- وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ كُلَّ إِنسٰانٍ أَلْزَمْنٰاهُ طٰائِرَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ ،يَقُولُ:«خَيْرُهُ وَ شَرُّهُ مَعَهُ حَيْثُ كَانَ،لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ فِرَاقَهُ،حَتَّى يُعْطَى كِتَابَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِمَا عَمِلَ».

99-/6286: And in the narration of Abū al-Jārūd, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) regarding His saying: “And We have made every man’s actions to cling to his neck,” he says: His good and his evil are with him wherever he is; he cannot part from them until he is given his book on the Day of Resurrection for what he did.

99-/6287 _2- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ سَدِيرٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ،قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَ الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ وَ أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ عَلَى مَوْلاَنَا أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)-وَ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ-وَ قَالَ فِيهِ:«قَالَ اللَّهُ تَقَدَّسَ ذِكْرُهُ: وَ كُلَّ إِنسٰانٍ أَلْزَمْنٰاهُ طٰائِرَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ يَعْنِي الْوَلاَيَةَ».

99-/6287: Ibn Bābawayh: With his chain from Sadīr al-Ṣayrafī, who said: I, al-Mufaḍḍal b. ‘Umar, Abū Baṣīr, and Abān b. Taghlib entered upon our master Abū ‘Abdillāh Ja‘far b. Muḥammad (peace be upon them), and he mentioned the ḥadīth, and in it he said: Allah—Holy is His mention—said: “And We have made every man’s actions to cling to his neck,” meaning the Wilāyah (allegiance).

قوله تعالى:

وَ نُخْرِجُ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰامَةِ كِتٰاباً يَلْقٰاهُ مَنْشُوراً* اِقْرَأْ كِتٰابَكَ كَفىٰ بِنَفْسِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكَ حَسِيباً [13-14]

Quran 17:13-14 (M. H. Shakir): And We will bring forth to him on the day of resurrection a book which he will find wide open: Read your book; your own self is sufficient as a reckoner against you this day.

99-/6288 _3- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ فِي كِتَابِ(الزُّهْدِ):عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ،عَنْ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ يُعْطَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كِتَاباً مَنْشُوراً مَكْتُوباً فِيهِ:كِتَابُ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ،أَدْخِلُوا فُلاَناً الْجَنَّةَ».

99-/6288: Al-Ḥusayn b. Sa‘īd in his book (Az-Zuhd): From al-Qāsim, from ‘Alī, from Abū Baṣīr, who said: I heard Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) say: Indeed, the believer will be given on the Day of Resurrection an open book, written in it: “The Book of Allah, the Mighty, the Wise: Admit so-and-so into the Garden.”

99-/6289 _4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ نَجِيحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: اِقْرَأْ كِتٰابَكَ كَفىٰ بِنَفْسِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكَ حَسِيباً ،قَالَ:«يَذَّكَّرُ الْعَبْدُ جَمِيعَ مَا عَمِلَ وَ مَا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ،حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ فَعَلَهُ تِلْكَ السَّاعَةَ،فَلِذَلِكَ قَالُوا:

يٰا وَيْلَتَنٰا مٰا لِهٰذَا الْكِتٰابِ لاٰ يُغٰادِرُ صَغِيرَةً وَ لاٰ كَبِيرَةً إِلاّٰ أَحْصٰاهٰا ».

99-/6289: Al-‘Ayyāshī: From Khālid b. Najīḥ, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) regarding His saying: “Read your book; your own self is sufficient as a reckoner against you this day,” he said: The servant will recall everything he did and what was written against him, until it is as if he performed it that very moment. Therefore they said: “O woe to us! What a book is this! It leaves out nothing small nor great but it has counted it.”

99-/6290 _5- (بُسْتَانُ الْوَاعِظِينَ):رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْكُتُبُ كُلُّهَا تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ،فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى رِيحاً تُطِيرُهَا بِالْأَيْمَانِ وَ الشَّمَائِلِ،أَوَّلُ حَرْفِهِ: اِقْرَأْ كِتٰابَكَ كَفىٰ بِنَفْسِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكَ حَسِيباً ».

99-/6290: (Bustān al-Wā‘iẓīn): It is narrated from the Prophet (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) that he said: All the books are under the Throne. When it is the Day of Resurrection, Allah, Blessed and Exalted, will send a wind that will scatter them to the right and to the left; the first line of it is: “Read your book; your own self is sufficient as a reckoner against you this day.”

قوله تعالى:

وَ لاٰ تَزِرُ وٰازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرىٰ [15]

Quran 17:15 (M. H. Shakir): Whoever goes aright, for his own soul does he go aright, and whoever goes astray, to its detriment only does he go astray; nor can the bearer of a burden bear the burden of another, and We do not punish until We send a messenger.

قوله تعالى:

وَ إِذٰا أَرَدْنٰا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنٰا مُتْرَفِيهٰا فَفَسَقُوا فِيهٰا -إلى قوله تعالى- لاٰ تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللّٰهِ إِلٰهاً آخَرَ فَتَقْعُدَ مَذْمُوماً مَخْذُولاً [16-22]

Quran 17:16-22 (M. H. Shakir) [reference]: And when We wish to destroy a town, We send Our commandment to the people of it who lead easy lives, but they transgress therein; thus the word proves true against it, so We destroy it with utter destruction. And how many of the generations did We destroy after Nūḥ! And your Lord is sufficient as Knower and Seer of the faults of His servants. Whoever desires this present life, We hasten to him therein what We please for whom We intend, then We appoint for him hell; he shall enter it despised, driven away. And whoever desires the hereafter and strives for it as he ought to strive and he is a believer—those, their striving shall surely be accepted. All do We aid—these as well as those—out of the bounty of your Lord, and the bounty of your Lord is not confined. See how We have made some of them to excel others, and certainly the hereafter is much superior in excellence and greater in preferment. Do not associate with Allah any other god, lest you sit down despised, neglected.

99-/6291 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ حُمْرَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ:«وَ إِذَا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَّرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا» مُشَدَّدَةً مَنْصُوبَةً:«تَفْسِيرُهَا:كَثَّرْنَا-وَ قَالَ-لاَ قَرَأْتُهَا مُخَفَّفَةً».

99-/6291: Al-‘Ayyāshī: From Ḥumrān, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) regarding His saying: “And when We wish to destroy a town, Amarnā mutrafīhā” with shadda and in the accusative; its interpretation is: “We made numerous.” And he said: I would not read it in the light (unemphasized) form.

99-/6292 _2- عَنْ حُمْرَانَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ إِذٰا أَرَدْنٰا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنٰا مُتْرَفِيهٰا ،قَالَ:«تَفْسِيرُهَا أَمَرْنَا أَكَابِرَهَا».

99-/6292: From Ḥumrān, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) regarding His saying: “And when We wish to destroy a town, We command its opulent ones,” he said: Its interpretation is: We command its notables.

99-/6293 _3-علي بن إبراهيم:في قوله تعالى: وَ إِذٰا أَرَدْنٰا أَنْ نُهْلِكَ قَرْيَةً أَمَرْنٰا مُتْرَفِيهٰا أي كَثَّرْنَا جَبَابِرَتَهَا، ثم قال:قوله: مَنْ كٰانَ يُرِيدُ الْعٰاجِلَةَ -يعني أموالَ الدنيا- عَجَّلْنٰا لَهُ فِيهٰا مٰا نَشٰاءُ لِمَنْ نُرِيدُ -في الدنيا- ثُمَّ جَعَلْنٰا لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ -في الآخرة- يَصْلاٰهٰا مَذْمُوماً مَدْحُوراً يعني:يُلْقَى في النار ،ثمّ ذكر مَنْ عَمِلَ للآخرة فقال: وَ مَنْ أَرٰادَ الْآخِرَةَ وَ سَعىٰ لَهٰا سَعْيَهٰا وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولٰئِكَ كٰانَ سَعْيُهُمْ مَشْكُوراً ثم قال قوله تعالى: كُلاًّ نُمِدُّ هٰؤُلاٰءِ وَ هَؤُلاٰءِ مِنْ عَطٰاءِ رَبِّكَ يعني:مَن أرادَ الدنيا و أرادَ الآخرةَ،و معنى نُمِدُّ:أي نُعْطِي وَ مٰا كٰانَ عَطٰاءُ رَبِّكَ مَحْظُوراً :أي ممنوعا.

ثم قال:قوله تعالى: لاٰ تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللّٰهِ إِلٰهاً آخَرَ فَتَقْعُدَ مَذْمُوماً مَخْذُولاً أي في النار،و هو مخاطبة للنبي و المعنى للناس،قال:و هو

قَوْلُ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ نَبِيَّهُ بِإِيَّاكِ أَعْنِي وَ اسْمَعِي يَا جَارَةُ».

99-/6293: ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm: Concerning His saying: “And when We wish to destroy a town, We command its opulent ones,” meaning: We multiplied its tyrants. Then he said regarding His saying: “Whoever desires the hasty (world)—that is, the wealth of this world—We hasten to him therein what We please for whom We intend—in the world—then We appoint for him hell—in the hereafter—he shall enter it despised, rejected,” that is, he is cast into the Fire. Then He mentioned the one who works for the hereafter and said: “And whoever desires the hereafter and strives for it as he ought to strive, and he is a believer—those, their striving is thanked.” Then he said regarding His saying: “All do We aid—these as well as those—out of the bounty of your Lord,” meaning: whoever desires the world and whoever desires the hereafter; and the meaning of “We aid” is: We give. “And the bounty of your Lord is not confined,” meaning: not prevented. Then he said regarding His saying: “Do not set up with Allah another god, lest you sit down despised, forsaken,” meaning: in the Fire; it is an address to the Prophet, while the meaning applies to the people. He said: And it is the saying of al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him): “Allah sent His Prophet with: ‘I mean you, so listen, O neighbor.’”

Quranic citations within the narrations:

فَمَحَوْنٰا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ (الإسراء 17:12)

Quran 17:12 (M. H. Shakir): And We have made the night and the day two signs, then We have made the sign of the night to pass away and We have made the sign of the day to see, that you may seek grace from your Lord, and that you might know the numbering of years and the reckoning; and We have explained everything with distinctness.

أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ* جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهٰا (إبراهيم 14:28-29)

Quran 14:28-29 (M. H. Shakir): Have you not considered those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people alight into the abode of perdition—hell; they shall enter it; and evil is the place they will enter.

يٰا وَيْلَتَنٰا مٰا لِهٰذَا الْكِتٰابِ لاٰ يُغٰادِرُ صَغِيرَةً وَ لاٰ كَبِيرَةً إِلاّٰ أَحْصٰاهٰا (الكهف 18:49)

Quran 18:49 (M. H. Shakir): And the Book shall be placed, then you will see the guilty fearing from what is in it, and they will say: Ah! woe to us! what a book is this! it does not omit a small one nor a great one, but numbers them all; and what they had done they shall find present, and your Lord does not deal unjustly with anyone.

References (as in the original):

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:28/283.

_5) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:28/283.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:29/283.

_6) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:29/283.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:30/283.

_7) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:30/283.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:31/283.

_8) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:31/283.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:17.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:17.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:32/284.

_2) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:32/284.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:17.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 2:17.

_2) -كمال الدين و تمام النعمة:50/354،ينابيع المودة:45.

_2) -Kamāl ad-Dīn wa Tamām an-Ni‘mah: 50/354, Yanābī‘ al-Mawadda: 45.

_3) -كتاب الزهد:247/92.

_3) -Kitāb az-Zuhd: 247/92.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:33/284.

_4) -Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:33/284.

_5) -...

_5) -…

[1] إبراهيم 14:28-29.

[1] Ibrāhīm 14:28-29.

[1] الكهف 18:49.

[1] Al-Kahf 18:49.

[1] تقدّم في الأحاديث(8-10)من تفسير الآيات(161-165)من سورة الأنعام.

[1] Taqaddama fī al-aḥādīth (8-10) min tafsīr al-āyāt (161-165) min Sūrat al-An‘ām.