S 2 A 213

عن أبي بصير،عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُوا الشَّيَاطِينُ بِوَلَايَةِ الشَّيَاطِينِ عَلَى مُلْكِ سُلَيْمَانَ [1].

And they followed what the Shaitans chanted of sorcery in the reign of Suleiman… [al-Baqara 2:102]

Shakir: And they followed what the Shaitans chanted of sorcery in the reign of Suleiman; and Suleiman did not disbelieve, but the Shaitans disbelieved, they taught men sorcery and that was sent down to the two angels at Babel, Harut and Marut, and they both taught no man until they had said, Surely we are only a trial, therefore do not be a disbeliever. So they learned from them that by which they might cause a separation between a man and his wife; and they cannot hurt with it any one except with Allah’s permission, and they learned what harmed them and did not profit them, and certainly they knew that he who bought it should have no share of good in the hereafter, and evil was the price for which they sold their souls, had they but known.

وَيَقْرَأُ أَيْضاً: سَلْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ مِنْ آيَةٍ بَيِّنَةٍ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ،وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ جَحَدَ،وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَقَرَّ،وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ بَدَّلَ وَمَنْ يُبَدِّلْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ.

Ask the Israelites how many a clear sign We have given them… [al-Baqara 2:211]

Shakir: Ask the Israelites how many a clear sign have We given them; and whoever changes Allah’s favor after it has come to him, then surely Allah is severe in requiting (evil).

99-/1103 _1- العياشي: عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله: سَلْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ مِنْ آيَةٍ بَيِّنَةٍ: «فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ جَحَدَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَقَرَّ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُبَدِّلُ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ».

Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Abū Baṣīr, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), regarding His saying: Ask the Children of Israel how many a clear sign We gave them: “Among them were those who believed, among them those who rejected, among them those who acknowledged, among them those who denied, and among them those who change Allah’s favor.”

قوله تعالى:

كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ [213]

[al-Baqara 2:213]

Shakir: (All) people are a single nation; so Allah raised prophets as bearers of good news and as warners, and He revealed with them the Book with truth, that it might judge between people in that in which they differed; and none but the very people who were given it differed about it after clear arguments had come to them, revolting among themselves; so Allah has guided by His will those who believe to the truth about which they differed, and Allah guides whom He pleases to the right path.

99-/1104 _2- محمد بن يعقوب: عن حميد بن زياد، عن الحسن بن محمد الكندي، عن أحمد بن عُديس، عن أبان بن عثمان، عن يعقوب بن شعيب، أنه سأل أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز وجل: كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً.

فقال: «كان [الناس] قبل نوح (عليه السلام) أُمَّةَ ضلال، فَبَدا لله فبعث المرسلين، وليس كما يقولون: لم يَزَلْ».

وكذبوا، يُفْرِقُ الله في كل ليلة قدر ما كان من شدة أو رخاء أو مطر بقدر ما يشاء الله عز وجل أن يقدِّر إلى مثلها من قابل.

Muhammad b. Ya‘qūb: from Ḥumayd b. Ziyād, from al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Kindī, from Aḥmad b. ‘Udays, from Abān b. ‘Uthmān, from Ya‘qūb b. Shu‘ayb, that he asked Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) about Allah’s saying: All people were one community. He said: “People before Nūḥ (peace be upon him) were a community in error. Then there occurred for Allah [badā’], so He sent the messengers. It is not as they say: ‘It has ever been decreed.’ They have lied. Allah distinguishes in every night what there shall be of hardship or ease or rain, in the measure that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, wills to decree until the like of it the following year.”

99-/1105 _3- العياشي: عن زرارة، وحمران، ومحمد بن مسلم، عن أبي جعفر، وأبي عبد الله (عليهما السلام)، عن قوله: كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ.

قال: «كانوا ضُلَّالاً، فبعث الله فيهم أنبياء، ولو سألتَ الناس لقالوا: قد فُرِغ من الأمر».

Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Zurārah, Ḥumrān, and Muḥammad b. Muslim, from Abū Ja‘far and Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon them), regarding His saying: All people were one community, then Allah sent the prophets. He said: “They were in error, so Allah sent prophets among them. And if you were to ask people, they would say: ‘The matter has been finished (pre-decreed).’”

99-/1106 _4- عن يعقوب بن شعيب، قال: سألتُ أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن قول الله: كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً.

‘From Ya‘qūb b. Shu‘ayb, who said: I asked Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) about Allah’s saying: All people were one community.

_1) - تفسير العياّشي 1:304/103.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:304/103.

_2) - الكافي 8:40/82.

Al-Kāfī 8:40/82.

_3) - تفسير العياّشي 1:305/104.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:305/104.

_4) - تفسير العياّشي 1:306/104.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:306/104.

[1] البقرة 2:102.

al-Baqara 2:102. (See Shakir translation given above.)

[2] قوله (عليه السلام): «ليس كما يقولون: لم يزل» أي ليس الأمر كما يقولون إنّ اللّه تعالى قدّر الأمور في الأزل، وقد فرغ منها، فلا تتغيّر تقديراته تعالى، بل لله البداء فيما كتب في لوح المحو والإثبات، كما قال تعالى: يَمْحُوا اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيُثْبِتُ وَعِنْدَهُ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ، الرعد 13:39. مرآة العقول 25:189.

Qawluhu (alayhi s-salām): “Laysa kamā yaqūlūn: lam yazal” … and the verse: yamḥū Allāhu mā yashā’u wa yuthbitu wa ‘indahu ummu l-kitāb, ar-Ra‘d 13:39.

Shakir (ar-Ra‘d 13:39): Allah makes to pass away and establishes what He pleases, and with Him is the basis of the Book.

قال: «كان هذا قبل نوح أُمَّةً واحدةً، فَبَدا لله فأرسل الرسل قبل نوح».

قلتُ: أَعلى هدى كانوا أم على ضلالة؟ قال: «بل كانوا ضُلَّالاً، كانوا لا مؤمنين، ولا كافرين، ولا مشركين».

He said: “This was before Nūḥ: one community. Then there occurred for Allah [badā’], so He sent messengers before Nūḥ.” I said: Were they upon guidance or upon error? He said: “Rather, they were astray. They were neither believers, nor disbelievers, nor polytheists.”

99-/1107 _4- عن يعقوب بن شعيب، قال: سألتُ أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن هذه الآية: كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً.

قال: «قبل آدم وبعد نوح (عليهما السلام) ضُلَّالاً فَبَدا لله، فبعث الله النبيين مبشّرين ومنذرين؛ أما إنك لو لقيتَ هؤلاء لقالوا: إن ذلك لم يَزَلْ، وكذبوا، إنما هو شيء بدا لله فيه».

From Ya‘qūb b. Shu‘ayb, who said: I asked Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) about this verse: All people were one community. He said: “Before Ādam and after Nūḥ (peace be upon them) they were astray; then there occurred for Allah [badā’], so Allah sent the prophets as bearers of good news and warners. Indeed, were you to meet those people, they would say: ‘This has always been fixed,’ and they have lied; it is but a matter in which there occurred for Allah [badā’].”

99-/1108 _5- عن محمد بن مسلم، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قول الله: كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ.

فقال: «كان هذا قبل نوح (عليه السلام) كانوا ضُلَّالاً، فَبَدا لله، فبعث الله النبيين مبشّرين ومنذرين».

From Muḥammad b. Muslim, from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: All people were one community, then Allah sent the prophets as bearers of good news and as warners. He said: “This was before Nūḥ (peace be upon him): they were astray; then there occurred for Allah [badā’], so Allah sent the prophets as bearers of good news and warners.”

99-/1109 _6- عن مسعدة، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) في قول الله: كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ. فقال: «كان ذلك قبل نوح».

فقيل: فعلى هدى كانوا؟ قال: «بل كانوا ضُلَّالاً، وذلك أنه لما انقرض آدم (عليه السلام) وصالح ذريته، بقي شيث وصيّه لا يقدر على إظهار دين الله الذي كان عليه آدم (عليه السلام) وصالح ذريته، وذلك أن قابيل توعّده بالقتل كما قتل أخاه هابيل، فسار فيهم بالتقية والكتمان، فازدادوا كل يوم ضلالة حتى لم يبق على الأرض معهم إلا من هو سَلَفَ، ولحق الوصيّ بجزيرة في البحر يعبد الله، فَبَدا لله تبارك وتعالى أن يبعث الرسل، ولو سئل هؤلاء الجهال لقالوا: قد فُرِغ من الأمر، وكذبوا، إنما شيء يحكم به الله في كل عام».

ثم قرأ: فِيهَا يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ [2] «فيحكم الله تبارك وتعالى ما يكون في تلك السنة من شدة أو رخاء أو مطر أو غير ذلك».

قلتُ: أفضُلَّالاً كانوا قبل النبيّين أم على هدى؟ قال: «لم يكونوا على هدى، كانوا على فطرة الله التي فطرهم عليها، لا تبديل لخلق الله، ولم يكونوا ليهتدوا حتى يهديهم الله، أما تسمع؛ يقول إبراهيم: لَئِنْ لَمْ يَهْدِنِي رَبِّي لَأَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الضَّالِّينَ [3] أي ناسياً للميثاق».

From Mas‘adah, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him) regarding Allah’s saying: All people were one community, then Allah sent the prophets as bearers of good news and warners. He said: “That was before Nūḥ.” It was said: So were they upon guidance? He said: “Rather, they were astray. When Ādam (peace be upon him) and the righteous among his progeny passed away, Shīth, his legatee, remained, unable to manifest Allah’s religion which Ādam and his righteous progeny had been upon, because Qābīl threatened to kill him just as he killed his brother Hābīl. So he proceeded among them with dissimulation and concealment, and they increased day by day in error until none remained upon the earth with them except a remnant. The legatee withdrew to an island in the sea, worshipping Allah. Then there occurred for Allah, Blessed and Exalted, to send the messengers. If those ignorant ones were asked, they would say: ‘The matter has been finished,’ but they have lied; rather, it is a matter Allah decrees every year.” Then he recited: In it every wise affair is made distinct [ad-Dukhān 44:4]. “So Allah, Blessed and Exalted, decrees what will be in that year of hardship or ease or rain or otherwise.” I said: So were they astray before the prophets, or upon guidance? He said: “They were not upon guidance; they were upon Allah’s natural disposition upon which He created them—there is no altering Allah’s creation—and they would not have been guided until Allah guided them. Do you not hear that Ibrāhīm says: If my Lord does not guide me, I shall surely be of the erring people [al-An‘ām 6:77], that is, forgetful of the covenant.”

_4) - تفسير العياّشي 1:307/104.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:307/104.

_5) - تفسير العياّشي 1:308/104.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:308/104.

_6) - تفسير العياّشي 1:309/104.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:309/104.

[1] هكذا في جميع النسخ، والصواب: «بعد آدم وقبل نوح» كما في الأحاديث السابقة والأحاديث اللاحقة.

Hākadhā fī jamī‘i n-nusakh, wa ṣ-ṣawāb: “ba‘da Ādam wa qabla Nūḥ”…

[2] الدخان 44:4.

ad-Dukhān 44:4.

Shakir: Therein every wise affair is made distinct.

[3] الأنعام 6:77.

al-An‘ām 6:77.

Shakir: So when he saw the moon rising, he said: Is this my Lord? So when it set, he said: If my Lord had not guided me I should certainly be of the erring people.

99-/1110 _7- أبو علي الطبرسي: روى أصحابنا، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، أنه قال: «كان قبل نوح (عليه السلام) أُمّةً واحدةً على فطرة الله؛ لا مهتدين، ولا ضُلَّالاً، فبعث الله النبيين. وروى ذلك أيضاً، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، محمد الشيباني في (نهج البيان)، إلا أن فيه زيادة: (بل في حيرة) بعد قوله: لا مهتدين ولا ضُلَّالاً» [1].

Abū ‘Alī aṭ-Ṭabrisī: Our companions narrated from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) that he said: “Before Nūḥ (peace be upon him) they were a single community upon Allah’s natural disposition; neither guided nor astray, so Allah sent the prophets.” Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī also narrated this from Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Bayān, except that it includes the addition: “Rather, in bewilderment,” after his words: “neither guided nor astray.”

قوله تعالى:

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُمْ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ مَسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسَاءُ وَالضَّرَّاءُ وَزُلْزِلُوا حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصْرُ اللَّهِ أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ [214]

[al-Baqara 2:214]

Shakir: Or do you think that you would enter the garden while yet the state of those who have passed away before you has not come upon you; distress and affliction befell them and they were shaken violently, so that the Apostle and those who believed with him said: When will the help of Allah come? Now surely the help of Allah is nigh!

99-/1111 _1- العياشي: عن محمد بن سنان، قال: حدثني المعافى بن إسماعيل، قال: لما قُتِل الوليد، خرج من هذه العصابة نفر بحيث أحدث القوم، قال: فدخلنا على أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، فقال: «ما الذي أخرجكم عن غير الحج والعمرة؟» قال: فقال القائل منهم: الذي شتّت الله من كلمة أهل الشام، وقتل خليفتهم، واختلافهم فيما بينهم. قال: «ما تجدون أُعِينُكم إليهم؟ –فأقبل يذكر حالاتهم– أليس الرجل منكم يخرج من بيته إلى سوقه فيقضي حوائجه، ثم يرجع ولم تختلف؟ إن كان لمن كان قبلكم أتى هو على مثل ما أنتم عليه، ليأخذ الرجلَ منهم فيقطع يديه ورجليه، وينشره بالمناشير، ويُصلب على جذع النخلة، ولا يدع ما كان عليه». ثم ترك هذا الكلام، ثم انصرف إلى آية من كتاب الله: أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُمْ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ مَسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسَاءُ وَالضَّرَّاءُ وَزُلْزِلُوا حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصْرُ اللَّهِ أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ

Al-‘Ayyāshī: from Muḥammad b. Sinān, who said: al-Mu‘āfā b. Ismā‘īl narrated to me: When al-Walīd was killed, a group from this party departed to where the people had stirred events. We entered upon Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him). He said: “What made you go out, other than for ḥajj or ‘umrah?” One of them said: That which Allah has done in shattering the word of the people of al-Shām, the killing of their caliph, and their mutual discord. He said: “What do you find that I should aid you toward them?—and he began describing their conditions—Is it not that a man among you goes out from his house to his market, settles his needs, and returns without turmoil? As for those before you, one of them would have come upon what you are upon, and they would seize a man among them, cut off his hands and feet, saw him with saws, and crucify him upon a palm-trunk—yet he would not abandon what he was upon.” Then he left off this speech and turned to a verse from Allah’s Book: Or do you think that you would enter the Garden while yet the state of those who passed away before you has not come upon you… Surely the help of Allah is near.

_7) - مجمع البيان 2:543.

Majma‘ al-Bayān 2:543.

_1) - تفسير العياّشي 1:310/105.

Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 1:310/105.

[1] نهج البيان (مخطوط) 1:52.

Nahj al-Bayān (makhṭūṭ) 1:52.

[2] في المصدر: وقتلهم.

Fī l-maṣdar: wa qatlahum.

[3] في المصدر: يختلف.

Fī l-maṣdar: yakhtalif.