7. Severing Relations and Boycotting (Al-Hijrān)
7. بابُ 60الْهِجْرَانِ
7. Severing Relations and Boycotting (Al-Hijrān) (Chapter 60)
(Ref : Biharul Anwar Vol 72 Chp 60, Page 184 – 189)
1- كا، الكافي عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ وَ عَنِ الْعِدَّةِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ فِي وَصِيَّةِ الْمُفَضَّلِ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لَا يَفْتَرِقُ رَجُلَانِ عَلَى الْهِجْرَانِ إِلَّا اسْتَوْجَبَ أَحَدُهُمَا الْبَرَاءَةَ وَ اللَّعْنَةَ وَ رُبَّمَا اسْتَحَقَّ ذَلِكَ كِلَاهُمَا فَقَالَ لَهُ مُعَتِّبٌ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ هَذَا الظَّالِمُ فَمَا بَالُ الْمَظْلُومِ قَالَ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَدْعُو أَخَاهُ إِلَى صِلَتِهِ وَ لَا يَتَغَامَسُ لَهُ عَنْ كَلَامِهِ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ إِذَا تَنَازَعَ اثْنَانِ فَعَازَّ أَحَدُهُمَا الْآخَرَ فَلْيَرْجِعِ الْمَظْلُومُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ حَتَّى يَقُولَ لِصَاحِبِهِ أَيْ أَخِي أَنَا الظَّالِمُ حَتَّى يَقْطَعَ الْهِجْرَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ صَاحِبِهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى حَكَمٌ عَدْلٌ يَأْخُذُ لِلْمَظْلُومِ مِنَ الظَّالِمِ[1].
2- كا، الكافي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا هِجْرَةَ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثٍ[2].
3- كا، الكافي عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ وُهَيْبِ بْنِ حَفْصٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَصْرِمُ ذَوِي قَرَابَتِهِ مِمَّنْ لَا يَعْرِفُ الْحَقَّ قَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَصْرِمَهُ[3].
4- كا، الكافي عَنِ الْعِدَّةِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُرَازِمِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: كَانَ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا يُلَقَّبُ شَلْقَانَ وَ كَانَ قَدْ صَيَّرَهُ فِي نَفَقَتِهِ وَ كَانَ سَيِّئَ الْخُلُقِ فَهَجَرَهُ فَقَالَ لِي يَوْماً يَا مُرَازِمُ وَ تُكَلِّمُ عِيسَى فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَصَبْتَ لَا خَيْرَ فِي الْمُهَاجَرَةِ[4].
5- كا، الكافي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْقَمَّاطِ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ قَالَ أَبِي قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَيُّمَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ تَهَاجَرَا فَمَكَثَا ثَلَاثاً لَا يَصْطَلِحَانِ إِلَّا كَانَا خَارِجَيْنِ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَايَةٌ فَأَيُّهُمَا سَبَقَ إِلَى كَلَامِ أَخِيهِ كَانَ السَّابِقَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ يَوْمَ الْحِسَابِ[5].
1- Imam Ja‘far al-Sadiq (a.s.) said: “In the will of al-Mufaddal, I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying: ‘Whenever two men separate from one another in a state of estrangement and boycott, one of them will certainly deserve disavowal and curse, and perhaps both of them may deserve it.’
A man said to him: ‘May I be your ransom, this applies to the wrongdoer, but what about the one who was wronged?’ He replied: ‘Because he does not call his brother back to reconciliation, nor does he overlook his refusal to speak with him. I heard my father say:
When two people dispute and one speaks harshly to the other, the wronged person should return to his companion and say: “O my brother, I am the one at fault,” so that he may put an end to the estrangement between himself and his companion. Indeed, Allah, Blessed and Exalted, is a Just Judge who will take the right of the wronged person from the wrongdoer.’”
2- Imam Ja‘far al-Sadiq (a.s.) said that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) said: “There is no boycotting or estrangement for more than three days.”
3- Abu Basir said: I asked Imam Ja‘far al-Sadiq (a.s.) about a man who cuts off relations with his relatives because they do not recognize the truth. He said:“It is not appropriate for him to cut off relations with them.”
4- Murāzim ibn Hakim said: There was a man from among our companions staying with Abu Abdillah (Prophet/Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, peace be upon him) who was nicknamed 'Shalqān'. The Imam had put him in charge of his financial expenses, but the man had a bad temperament (ill-mannered character), so he (Murāzim) boycotted/estranged him.
One day, the Imam said to me: "O Murāzim, are you speaking to 'Isa (Shalqān)?" I replied: "Yes." The Imam said: "You have done the right thing. There is no good in boycotting (cutting off ties with) one another.
5- Dawud ibn Kathir said: I heard Imam Ja‘far al-Sadiq (a.s.) saying:
“My father said that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) said: ‘Whenever two Muslims boycott one another and remain for three days without reconciling, they have both departed from Islam, and there remains no bond of wilayah between them. Whichever of them is the first to speak to his brother will be the first to enter Paradise on the Day of Reckoning.’”
6- كا، الكافي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يُغْرِي بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا لَمْ يَرْجِعْ أَحَدُهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ اسْتَلْقَى عَلَى قَفَاهُ وَ تَمَدَّدَ ثُمَّ قَالَ فُزْتُ فَرَحِمَ اللَّهُ امْرَأً أَلَّفَ بَيْنَ وَلِيَّيْنِ لَنَا يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ تَأَلَّفُوا وَ تَعَاطَفُوا[6].
7- كا، الكافي عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَحْفُوظٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَا يَزَالُ إِبْلِيسُ فَرِحاً مَا اهْتَجَرَ الْمُسْلِمَانِ فَإِذَا الْتَقَيَا اصْطَكَّتْ رُكْبَتَاهُ وَ تَخَلَّعَتْ أَوْصَالُهُ وَ نَادَى يَا وَيْلَهُ مَا لَقِيَ مِنَ الثُّبُورِ[7].
8- لي، الأمالي للصدوق فِي مَنَاهِي النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنِ الْهِجْرَانِ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَا بُدَّ فَاعِلًا فَلَا يَهْجُرُ أَخَاهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَمَنْ كَانَ مُهَاجِراً لِأَخِيهِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كَانَ النَّارُ أَوْلَى بِهِ[8].
9- ل، الخصال ابْنُ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْحَمَّادِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الصَّائِغِ عَنِ الْقَعْبِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَهْجُرَ أَخَاهُ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثٍ[9].
10- ل، الخصال الْهَمَدَانِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ اهْتَجَرَا فَوْقَ ثَلَاثٍ إِلَّا وَ بَرِئْتُ مِنْهُمَا فِي الثَّالِثَةِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ هَذَا حَالُ الظَّالِمِ فَمَا بَالُ الْمَظْلُومِ فَقَالَ ع مَا بَالُ الْمَظْلُومِ لَا يَصِيرُ إِلَى الظَّالِمِ فَيَقُولُ أَنَا الظَّالِمُ حَتَّى يَصْطَلِحَا[10].
11- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا (a.s.) بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى دَارِمٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ: فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ يَغُلُّ الْمَرَدَةَ مِنَ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَ يَغْفِرُ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفاً فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ بِمِثْلِ مَا غَفَرَ فِي رَجَبٍ وَ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَخِيهِ شَحْنَاءُ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْظِرُوا هَؤُلَاءِ حَتَّى يَصْطَلِحُوا[11].
6- Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.) said:
“Indeed, Shaytan continues to stir up discord between believers so long as neither of them abandons his religion. When they reconcile and return to one another, Shaytan falls on his back, stretches himself out, and says:
‘I have lost!’
May Allah have mercy on the person who brings harmony between two friends of ours. O believers, create affection among yourselves and show kindness and compassion to one another.”
7- Imam Ja‘far al-Sadiq (a.s.) said:
“Iblis remains happy as long as two Muslims remain estranged from one another. When they meet and reconcile, his knees strike together, his joints become dislocated, and he cries:
‘Woe to me! What destruction has come upon me!’”
8- In the prohibitions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.a.):
“He forbade estrangement and boycotting. If a person must do so, then he should not boycott his brother for more than three days. Whoever remains estranged from his brother for longer than that, the Fire is more deserving of him.”
9- Anas said that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) said:
“It is not lawful for a Muslim to boycott his brother for more than three days.”
10- Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.) said:
“No two believers remain estranged from one another for more than three days except that I disassociate myself from both of them on the third day.”
It was said to him:
“O son of the Messenger of Allah, this is understandable regarding the wrongdoer, but what about the one who was wronged?”
He replied:
“Why does the wronged person not go to the wrongdoer and say:
‘I am the one at fault,’
so that they may reconcile?”
11- Imam al-Ridha (a.s.), from his forefathers (a.s.), said: “On the first night of the month of Ramaḍān, the rebellious devils (maradush-shayaateen) are chained. In every night of it, Allah forgives seventy thousand people.
Then, when it is Laylat al-Qadr, Allah forgives an amount equal to all those whom He had forgiven during Rajab, Shaʿbān, and Ramaḍān up to that day,
except a man between whom and his brother there exists enmity, rancor, or ill-feeling (shahnaa).
Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘Leave these people aside and wait regarding them until they reconcile with one another.’”
12- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي ابْنُ مَخْلَدٍ عَنِ الرَّزَّازِ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَهْجُرَ أَخَاهُ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ السَّابِقُ يَسْبِقُ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ[12].
13- مع، معاني الأخبار مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ الزَّنْجَانِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا تَنَاجَشُوا وَ لَا تَدَابَرُوا.
12- Abu Hurayrah reported that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) said:
“It is not lawful for a Muslim to boycott his brother for more than three days, and the one who takes the initiative will be the first to enter Paradise.”
13- It is narrated from the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) that he said:
“Do not artificially raise prices in bidding, and do not turn your backs on one another.”
[1] ( 1) الكافي ج 2 ص 344.
[2] ( 1) الكافي ج 2 ص 344.
[3] ( 2) الكافي ج 2 ص 344.
[4] ( 3) الكافي ج 2 ص 344.
[5] ( 2) الكافي ج 2 ص 345.
[6] ( 1) الكافي ج 2 ص 345.
[7] ( 2) الكافي ج 2 ص 346.
[8] ( 1) أمالي الصدوق ص 255.
[9] ( 2) الخصال ج 1 ص 86.
[10] ( 3) الخصال ج 1 ص 86.
[11] ( 1) عيون أخبار الرضا ج 2 ص 71.
[12] ( 2) أمالي الطوسيّ ج 2 ص 5.