Ibrahim Ayah 28-29

عبدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا تَمِيمُ بْنُ بُهْلُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْبَصْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: مَنْ يَهْدِ اللّٰهُ فَهُوَ الْمُهْتَدِ وَ مَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُ وَلِيًّا مُرْشِداً [1]. فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يُضِلُّ الظَّالِمِينَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَنْ دَارِ كَرَامَتِهِ، وَ يَهْدِي أَهْلَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ الْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ إِلَى جَنَّتِهِ، كَمَا قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ يُضِلُّ اللّٰهُ الظّٰالِمِينَ وَ يَفْعَلُ اللّٰهُ مٰا يَشٰاءُ، وَ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰالِحٰاتِ يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمٰانِهِمْ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الْأَنْهٰارُ فِي جَنّٰاتِ النَّعِيمِ [2]».

English: I asked Abu Abdillah Ja’far ibn Muhammad (peace be upon them) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Whoever Allah guides, he is the one rightly guided, and whom He leads astray, you shall not find for him any guardian to lead (him) aright (al-Kahf 18:17, M. H. Shakir). He said: Indeed, Blessed and Exalted is Allah—He turns the wrongdoers away on the Day of Resurrection from His abode of honor, and He guides the people of faith and righteous deeds to His Garden, as He, Mighty and Majestic, said: And Allah leads the unjust astray, and Allah does what He pleases (Ibrahim 14:27, M. H. Shakir); and as He, Mighty and Majestic, said: Surely (as for) those who believe and do good, their Lord will guide them by their faith; there shall flow from beneath them rivers in gardens of bliss (Yunus 10:9, M. H. Shakir).

قوله تعالى: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ* جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهٰا وَ بِئْسَ الْقَرٰارُ [28-29]

English (Ibrahim 14:28-29, M. H. Shakir): Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people to alight in the abode of perdition—Hell; they shall enter it, and evil is the resting-place.

99-/5738 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ بِسْطَامَ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَبْدِيِّ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْإِسْكَافِ، عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ غَيَّرُوا سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، وَ عَدَلُوا عَنْ وَصِيِّهِ، لاَ يَتَخَوَّفُونَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ بِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ؟» ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ* جَهَنَّمَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «نَحْنُ النِّعْمَةُ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَى عِبَادِهِ، وَ بِنَا يَفُوزُ مَنْ فَازَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ».

English: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: What is the matter with people who have altered the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and turned away from his legatee? Do they not fear that punishment may be sent down upon them? Then he recited: Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people to alight in the abode of perdition—Hell; they shall enter it (Ibrahim 14:28–29, M. H. Shakir). Then he said: We are the favor with which Allah has favored His servants, and by us whoever succeeds will succeed on the Day of Resurrection.

99-/5739 _2- وَ عَنْهُ: عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أُورَمَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً الْآيَةَ. قَالَ: «عَنَى بِهَا قُرَيْشاً قَاطِبَةً، الَّذِينَ عَادَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) وَ نَصَبُوا لَهُ الْحَرْبَ، وَ جَحَدُوا وَصِيَّةَ وَصِيِّهِ».

English: I asked Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness… He said: It means the entirety of Quraysh—those who were hostile to the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family), waged war against him, and rejected the testament of his legatee.

99-/5740 _3- وَ عَنْهُ: عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنِ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ النَّصْرِيِّ، قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً

English: I asked Abu Ja’far (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness (Ibrahim 14:28, M. H. Shakir). He said: What do you say about that? I said: We say they are the two most profligate from Quraysh: the Banu Umayyah and the Banu al-Mughirah. He then said: By Allah, it is the entirety of Quraysh. Indeed, Blessed and Exalted is Allah addressed His Prophet (Allah bless him and his family), saying: I have preferred Quraysh over the Arabs, completed My favor upon them, and sent to them My Messenger; then they changed My favor into ungratefulness and made their people alight in the abode of perdition.

99-/5741 _4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً. قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي الْأَفْجَرَيْنِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ: بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَ بَنِي الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَأَمَّا بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ فَقَطَعَ اللَّهُ دَابِرَهُمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَ أَمَّا بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ فَمُتِّعُوا إِلَى حِينٍ - ثُمَّ قَالَ - وَ نَحْنُ وَ اللَّهِ نِعْمَةُ اللَّهِ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَ بِهَا عَلَى عِبَادِهِ، وَ بِنَا يَفُوزُ مَنْ فَازَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ: تَمَتَّعُوا فَإِنَّ مَصِيرَكُمْ إِلَى النّٰارِ [1]».

English: Concerning the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness—he said: It was revealed about the two most profligate of Quraysh: the Banu Umayyah and the Banu al-Mughirah. As for the Banu al-Mughirah, Allah cut off their posterity on the Day of Badr, and as for the Banu Umayyah, they were given enjoyment for a time. Then he said: And by Allah, we are the favor of Allah with which He has favored His servants, and by us whoever succeeds will succeed. Then He said to them: Enjoy yourselves, for surely your return is to the Fire (Ibrahim 14:30, M. H. Shakir).

99-/5742 _5- ثُمَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ، عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «مَا بَالُ قَوْمٍ غَيَّرُوا سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)، وَ عَدَلُوا عَنْ وَصِيِّهِ [2]، لاَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ بِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ؟» ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ اَلَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ* جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهٰا وَ بِئْسَ الْقَرٰارُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «نَحْنُ - وَ اللَّهِ - نِعْمَةُ اللَّهِ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَ بِهَا عَلَى عِبَادِهِ، وَ بِنَا فَازَ مَنْ فَازَ».

English: He said: What is the matter with people who have altered the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and turned away from his legatee—do they not fear that punishment may be sent down upon them? Then he recited: Those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people to alight in the abode of perdition—Hell; they shall enter it, and evil is the resting-place (Ibrahim 14:28–29, M. H. Shakir). Then he said: By Allah, we are the favor of Allah with which He has favored His servants, and by us whoever has succeeded has succeeded.

99-/5743 _6- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ: عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: اَلَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: «مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ؟» فَقُلْتُ: نَقُولُ: هُمَا الْأَفْجَرَانِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ: بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ وَ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ. فَقَالَ: «بَلَى، هِيَ قُرَيْشٌ قَاطِبَةً، إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَاطَبَ نَبِيَّهُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) فَقَالَ: إِنِّي قَدْ فَضَّلْتُ قُرَيْشاً عَلَى الْعَرَبِ، وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ نِعْمَتِي، وَ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولاً، فَبَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتِي وَ كَذَّبُوا رَسُولِي».

English: I asked Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah: Those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people to alight in the abode of perdition (Ibrahim 14:28, M. H. Shakir). He said: What do you say about that? I said: We say they are the two most profligate from Quraysh: the Banu Umayyah and the Banu al-Mughirah. He said: Rather, it is all of Quraysh. Indeed, Allah addressed His Prophet (Allah bless him and his family), saying: I have preferred Quraysh over the Arabs, completed My favor upon them, and sent to them a Messenger; then they changed My favor and denied My Messenger.

99-/5744 _7- وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ زَيْدٍ الشَّحَّامِ، عَنْهُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) سُئِلَ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَ: «عَنَى بِذَلِكَ الْأَفْجَرَيْنِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ: أُمَيَّةَ وَ مَخْزُومٍ، فَأَمَّا مَخْزُومٌ فَقَتَلَهَا اللَّهُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَ أَمَّا أُمَيَّةَ فَمُتِّعُوا إِلَى حِينٍ»؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «عَنَى اللَّهُ وَ اللَّهِ بِهَا قُرَيْشاً قَاطِبَةً، الَّذِينَ عَادَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ نَصَبُوا لَهُ الْحَرْبَ».

English: In the narration of Zayd al-Shahham from him (peace be upon him): I said to him, It has reached me that the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) was asked about it, and he said: He meant by that the two most profligate of Quraysh: Umayyah and Makhzum; as for Makhzum, Allah destroyed them on the Day of Badr, and as for Umayyah, they were given enjoyment for a time. Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: By Allah, Allah meant by it the entirety of Quraysh—those who were hostile to the Messenger of Allah and waged war against him.

99-/5745 _8- عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً. قَالَ: «نَحْنُ نِعْمَةُ اللَّهِ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَى الْعِبَادِ».

English: Regarding His saying, Exalted is He: Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness (Ibrahim 14:28, M. H. Shakir)—The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: We are the favor of Allah with which Allah has favored the servants.

99-/5746 _9- عَنْ ذَرِيحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «جَاءَ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ. قَالَ: تِلْكَ قُرَيْشٌ، بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْراً، وَ كَذَّبُوا نَبِيَّهُ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ».

English: Ibn al-Kawwa’ came to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and asked him about the saying of Allah: Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people to alight in the abode of perdition (Ibrahim 14:28–29, M. H. Shakir). He said: That is Quraysh. They changed the favor of Allah into ungratefulness and denied His Prophet (Allah bless him and his family) on the Day of Badr.

99-/5747 _10- عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَابِقِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، قَالَ: كَانَ مِمَّا قَالَ هَارُونُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) حِينَ أُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِ؛ مَا هَذِهِ الدَّارُ، وَ دَارُ مَنْ هِيَ؟ قَالَ: «لِشِيعَتِنَا فَتْرَةٌ، وَ لِغَيْرِهِمْ فِتْنَةٌ». قَالَ: فَمَا بَالُ صَاحِبِ الدَّارِ لاَ يَأْخُذُهَا؟ قَالَ: «أُخِذَتْ مِنْهُ عَامِرَةً، وَ لاَ يَأْخُذُهَا إِلاَّ مَعْمُورَةً». فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ شِيعَتُكُمْ؟ فَقَرَأَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتٰابِ وَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنْفَكِّينَ حَتّٰى تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ [1] قَالَ لَهُ: فَنَحْنُ كُفَّارٌ؟ قَالَ: «لاَ، وَ لَكِنْ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ». فَغَضِبَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ غَلَّظَ عَلَيْهِ.

English: Harun said to Abu al-Hasan Musa (peace be upon him) when he was brought in to him: Whose house is this? He said: It is a respite for our Shia, and a trial for others. He said: Then why does the owner of the house not take it? He said: It was taken from him while thriving, and he will not take it except while flourishing. He said: Where are your Shia? Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him) recited: Those who disbelieved from among the followers of the Book and the polytheists were not going to desist until there came to them the clear evidence (al-Bayyina 98:1, M. H. Shakir). He said to him: So are we disbelievers? He said: No, but as Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people to alight in the abode of perdition (Ibrahim 14:28–29, M. H. Shakir). At that he grew angry and was harsh with him.

/5748 _11- علي بن حاتم، قال: وجدت في كتاب أبي، عن حمزة الزيات، عن عمر بن مرة، قال: قال ابن عباس لعمر: يا أمير المؤمنين، هذه الآية: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ قال: هما الأفجران من قريش، أخوالي و أعمامك، فأما أخوالي فاستأصلهم اللّه يوم بدر، و اما أعمامك فأملى اللّه لهم إلى حين.

English: Ibn ‘Abbas said to ‘Umar: O Commander of the Faithful, this verse: Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people to alight in the abode of perdition (Ibrahim 14:28–29, M. H. Shakir)? He said: They are the two most profligate of Quraysh—my maternal uncles and your paternal uncles. As for my maternal uncles, Allah extirpated them on the Day of Badr; and as for your uncles, Allah granted them respite for a time.

99-/5749 _12- عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْمَشُوفِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ. قَالَ: «هُمَا الْأَفْجَرَانِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ: بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ وَ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ».

English: Concerning His saying: And made their people to alight in the abode of perdition (Ibrahim 14:29, M. H. Shakir)—he said: They are the two most profligate of Quraysh: the Banu Umayyah and the Banu al-Mughirah.

/5750 _13- ابن شهر آشوب: عن مجاهد، في قوله تعالى: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً: كفرت بنو أميّة بمحمد(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله) و أهل بيته.

English: Ibn Shahr Ashub reports from Mujahid regarding His saying, Exalted is He: Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness (Ibrahim 14:28, M. H. Shakir): The Banu Umayyah disbelieved in Muhammad (Allah bless him and his family) and his Household.

99-/5751 _14- عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ: عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)، قَالَ: يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللّٰهِ كُفْراً وَ أَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دٰارَ الْبَوٰارِ* جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهٰا، قَالَ: «تِلْكَ فِي الْأَفْجَرَيْنِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ».

English: Abu al-Tufayl from the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him): Allah says: Have you not seen those who changed Allah’s favor for ungratefulness and made their people to alight in the abode of perdition—Hell; they shall enter it (Ibrahim 14:28–29, M. H. Shakir). He said: That is about the two most profligate among Quraysh.

قوله تعالى: قُلْ لِعِبٰادِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُقِيمُوا الصَّلاٰةَ وَ يُنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا رَزَقْنٰاهُمْ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لاٰ بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَ لاٰ خِلاٰلٌ [31]

English (Ibrahim 14:31, M. H. Shakir): Say to My servants who believe that they should keep up prayer and spend out of what We have given them secretly and openly before there comes the day in which there is no bartering nor mutual befriending.

99-/5752 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ: عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَرَضَ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ لَهُ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ فَرِيضَةً لاَ يُحْمَدُونَ إِلاَّ بِأَدَائِهَا، وَ هِيَ الزَّكَاةُ، بِهَا حَقَنُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ، وَ بِهَا سُمُّوا مُسْلِمِينَ، وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَرَضَ فِي أَمْوَالِ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ حُقُوقاً غَيْرَ الزَّكَاةِ، فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ الَّذِينَ فِي أَمْوٰالِهِمْ حَقٌّ مَعْلُومٌ* لِلسّٰائِلِ وَ الْمَحْرُومِ [1] فَالْحَقُّ الْمَعْلُومُ غَيْرُ الزَّكَاةِ، وَ هُوَ شَيْءٌ يَفْرِضُهُ الْإِنْسَانُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ فِي مَالِهِ، يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَفْرِضَهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ طَاقَتِهِ وَ سَعَةِ حَالِهِ [2]، فَيُؤَدِّي الَّذِي فَرَضَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فِي كُلِّ جُمْعَةٍ، وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ. وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَيْضاً: أَقْرِضُوا اللّٰهَ قَرْضاً حَسَناً [3] وَ هَذَا غَيْرُ الزَّكَاةِ، وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَيْضاً يُنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا رَزَقْنٰاهُمْ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً وَ الْمَاعُونُ أَيْضاً، وَ هُوَ الْقَرْضُ يُقْرِضُهُ، وَ الْمَتَاعُ يُعِيرُهُ، وَ الْمَعْرُوفُ يَصْنَعُهُ. وَ مِمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَيْضاً فِي الْمَالِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الزَّكَاةِ، قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ مٰا أَمَرَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ [4] وَ مَنْ أَدَّى مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَدْ قَضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ، وَ أَدَّى شُكْرَ مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ، إِذَا هُوَ حَمِدَهُ عَلَى مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ مِمَّا فَضَّلَهُ بِهِ مِنَ السَّعَةِ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَ لِمَا وَفَّقَهُ لِأَدَاءِ مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، وَ أَعَانَهُ عَلَيْهِ».

English: Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) said: Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has prescribed for the poor a due in the wealth of the rich which they are not to be praised for except by paying it, and it is the zakat—by it their blood is protected, and by it they are called Muslims. But Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has also prescribed in the wealth of the rich rights other than zakat. He, Mighty and Majestic, said: And those in whose wealth there is a fixed portion—for him who begs and for him who is denied (al-Ma‘arij 70:24–25, M. H. Shakir). The fixed portion is other than zakat; it is something a person imposes upon himself in his wealth. He must impose it according to his capacity and the breadth of his circumstances, and he pays what he has imposed upon himself every day, or if he wishes every week, or if he wishes every month. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, also said: … and (those) who lend to Allah a goodly loan (al-Hadid 57:18, M. H. Shakir)—and this is other than zakat. And Allah, Mighty and Majestic, also said: … they should spend out of what We have given them secretly and openly (Ibrahim 14:31, M. H. Shakir). And al-ma‘un also—that is the loan he gives, the goods he lends, and the kindness he does. And among what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has also prescribed in wealth other than zakat is His saying, Mighty and Majestic: And those who join that which Allah has bidden to be joined (al-Ra‘d 13:21, M. H. Shakir). Whoever pays what Allah has prescribed upon him has fulfilled what is due from him and has expressed gratitude for what Allah has bestowed upon him in his wealth—when he praises Him for what Allah has bestowed upon him therein, from what He has preferred him with of abundance over others, and for having granted him success to pay what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has prescribed and assisted him in it.

/5753 _2- العيّاشيّ: عن زرعة، عن سماعة، قال: إن اللّه فرض للفقراء في أموال الأغنياء فريضة لا يحمدون بأدائها و هي الزكاة، بها حقنوا دماءهم، و بها سموا مسلمين و لكن اللّه فرض في الأموال حقوقا غير الزكاة، و قد قال اللّه تبارك و تعالى: وَ يُنْفِقُوا مِمّٰا رَزَقْنٰاهُمْ سِرًّا وَ عَلاٰنِيَةً.

English: Al-‘Ayyashi: from Zura‘a, from Sama‘ah: Allah has prescribed for the poor a due in the wealth of the rich which they are not to be praised for by paying, and it is the zakat—by it their blood is protected and by it they are called Muslims. But Allah has prescribed in wealth rights other than zakat, and Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has said: … they should spend out of what We have given them secretly and openly (Ibrahim 14:31, M. H. Shakir).

/5754 _3- علي بن إبراهيم: قوله: يَوْمٌ لاٰ بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَ لاٰ خِلاٰلٌ أي لا صداقة.

English: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim: His saying, A day in which there is no bartering nor mutual befriending, means: no friendship (will avail).

Footnotes:

_1) -الكافي 1:1/169.

Transliteration: al-Kafi 1:1/169.

_2) -الكافي 1:4/169.

Transliteration: al-Kafi 1:4/169.

_3) -الكافي 8:77/103.

Transliteration: al-Kafi 8:77/103.

[1] الكهف 18:17.

Transliteration: al-Kahf 18:17.

[2] يونس 20:9.

Transliteration: Yunus 10:9.

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:371.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-Qummi 1:371.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:86.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-Qummi 1:86.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:22/229.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:22/229.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:23/229.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:23/229.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:24/229.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:24/229.

[1] إبراهيم 14:30.

Transliteration: Ibrahim 14:30.

[2] في المصدر: عن وصيته في حقّ علي و الأئمة(عليهم السلام) و.

Transliteration: fi al-masdar: ‘an wasiyyatihi fi haqq ‘Ali wa al-a’immati (‘alayhim as-salam) wa.

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:25/229.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:25/229.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:26/229.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:26/229.

_11) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:27/230.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:27/230.

_12) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:28/230.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:28/230.

_13) -المناقب 3:99.

Transliteration: al-Manaqib 3:99.

_14) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:31/283، فرائد السمطين 1:331/395 ضمن حديث طويل.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:31/283, Fara’id al-Simtayn 1:331/395 within a long hadith.

[1] البيّنة 1/98.

Transliteration: al-Bayyina 98:1.

_1) -الكافي 3:8/498.

Transliteration: al-Kafi 3:8/498.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:29/230.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 2:29/230.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:371.

Transliteration: Tafsir al-Qummi 1:371.

[1] المعارج 70:24.

Transliteration: al-Ma‘arij 70:24.

[2] في المصدر: ماله.

Transliteration: fi al-masdar: malihi.

[3] الحديد 57:18.

Transliteration: al-Hadid 57:18.

[4] الرعد 13:21.

Transliteration: ar-Ra‘d 13:21.