S 2 A 19-20

99-/347 _4- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّنَانِيُّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُوفِيُّ،عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْآدَمِيِّ،عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَسَنِيِّ(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْمُودٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَ تَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمٰاتٍ لاٰ يُبْصِرُونَ فَقَالَ:«إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لاَ يُوصَفُ بِالتَّرْكِ كَمَا يُوصَفُ خَلْقُهُ،وَ لَكِنَّهُ مَتَى عَلِمَ أَنَّهُمْ لاَ يَرْجِعُونَ عَنِ الْكُفْرِ وَ الضَّلاَلَةِ مَنَعَهُمُ الْمُعَاوَنَةَ وَ اللُّطْفَ،وَ خَلَّى بَيْنَهُمْ وَ بَيْنَ اخْتِيَارِهِمْ».

99-/347 _4- Ibn Bābawayh said: Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Sinānī (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us, who said: Muhammad b. Abī ‘Abdillāh al-Kūfī narrated to us, from Sahl b. Ziyād al-Ādamī, from ‘Abd al-‘Azīm b. ‘Abdillāh al-Hasanī (may Allah be pleased with him), from Ibrāhīm b. Abī Mahmūd, who said: I asked Abū al-Hasan al-Riḍā (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, the Exalted: “And He left them in darknesses, they do not see.” He said: “Indeed, Allah—Blessed and Exalted—is not to be described with ‘leaving’ as His creation are described. Rather, when He knows that they will not turn back from disbelief and misguidance, He withholds from them assistance and subtle grace, and leaves them to their own choices.”

99-/348 _5- قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:و قوله: صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ الصم الذي لا يسمع،و البكم الذي يولد من أمه أعمى،و العمي الذي يكون بصيرا ثمّ يعمى.

‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: As for His saying: “Deaf, dumb, blind,” the deaf is the one who does not hear; the dumb is the one who is born from his mother blind; and the blind is the one who was sighted then becomes blind.

قوله تعالى:

أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمٰاتٌ وَ رَعْدٌ وَ بَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصٰابِعَهُمْ فِي آذٰانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوٰاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ وَ اللّٰهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكٰافِرِينَ [19]

يَكٰادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصٰارَهُمْ كُلَّمٰا أَضٰاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَ إِذٰا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قٰامُوا وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَ أَبْصٰارِهِمْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ[20]

Quran 2:19-20 (M. H. Shakir):

Or like abundant rain from the cloud in which is utter darkness and thunder and lightning; they put their fingers into their ears because of the thunder peal, for fear of death, and Allah encompasses the unbelievers. [19]

The lightning almost takes away their sight; whenever it shines on them they walk in it, and when it becomes dark to them they stand still; and if Allah had pleased He would certainly have taken away their hearing and their sight; surely Allah has power over all things. [20]

99-/349 _1- قَالَ الْعَالِمُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَثَلاً آخَرَ لِلْمُنَافِقِينَ،فَقَالَ:مَثَلُ مَا خُوطِبُوا بِهِ مِنْ هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْكَ-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-مُشْتَمِلاً عَلَى بَيَانِ تَوْحِيدِي،وَ إِيضَاحِ حُجَّةِ نُبُوَّتِكَ،وَ الدَّلِيلِ الْبَاهِرِ عَلَى اسْتِحْقَاقِ أَخِيكَ[عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ]لِلْمَوْقِفِ الَّذِي أَوْقَفْتَهُ،وَ الْمَحَلِّ الَّذِي أَحْلَلْتَهُ،وَ الرُّتْبَةِ الَّتِي رَفَعْتَهُ إِلَيْهَا، وَ السِّيَاسَةِ الَّتِي قَلَّدْتَهُ إِيَّاهَا،فَهِيَ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمٰاتٌ وَ رَعْدٌ وَ بَرْقٌ . قَالَ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ،كَمَا أَنَّ فِي هَذَا الْمَطَرِ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءَ،وَ مَنِ ابْتُلِيَ بِهِ خَافَ،فَكَذَلِكَ هَؤُلاَءِ فِي رَدِّهِمْ لِبَيْعَةِ عَلِيٍّ، وَ خَوْفِهِمْ أَنْ تَعْثُرَ أَنْتَ-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-عَلَى نِفَاقِهِمْ كَمَثَلِ مَنْ هُوَ فِي هَذَا الْمَطَرِ وَ الرَّعْدِ وَ الْبَرْقِ،يَخَافُ أَنْ يَخْلَعَ الرَّعْدُ فُؤَادَهُ،أَوْ يَنْزِلَ الْبَرْقُ بِالصَّاعِقَةِ عَلَيْهِ،وَ كَذَلِكَ هَؤُلاَءِ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ تَعْثُرَ عَلَى كُفْرِهِمْ،فَتُوجِبَ قَتْلَهُمْ وَ اسْتِئْصَالَهُمْ. يَجْعَلُونَ أَصٰابِعَهُمْ فِي آذٰانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوٰاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ [كَمَا يَجْعَلُ هَؤُلاَءِ الْمُبْتَلَوْنَ بِهَذَا الرَّعْدِ

99-/349 _1- The Scholar (peace be upon him) said: “Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, struck another parable for the hypocrites, saying: The likeness of what they have been addressed with from this Qur’an which has been sent down to you, O Muhammad—containing the exposition of My oneness, the clarification of the proof of your prophethood, and the manifest evidence for the entitlement of your brother [‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib] to the station at which you have set him, the place where you have installed him, the rank to which you have raised him, and the leadership which you have entrusted to him—is that it is like a downpour from the sky in which are darknesses, thunder, and lightning. He said: O Muhammad, just as this rain contains these things and whoever is tested by it becomes afraid, so too are these people, in their rejection of ‘Alī’s pledge of allegiance and their fear that you—O Muhammad—will uncover their hypocrisy, like one who is in this rain, thunder, and lightning, fearing that the thunder will snatch his heart or that the lightning will strike him with a thunderbolt. Likewise, these people fear that you will discover their disbelief, and thus you would make it incumbent to kill them and uproot them. ‘They put their fingers in their ears because of the thunderclaps for fear of death’ [just as those afflicted by this thunder

Footnotes

_4) -عيون أخبار الرّضا(عليه السّلام)1:16/123.

- ‘Uyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā (alayhi al-salām) 1:16/123.

_5) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:34.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:34.

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):67/132.

- al-Tafsīr al-Mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 67/132.

وَ الْبَرْقِ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ لِئَلاَّ يَخْلَعَ صَوْتُ الرَّعْدِ أَفْئِدَتَهُمْ،فَكَذَلِكَ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ]إِذَا سَمِعُوا لَعْنَكَ لِمَنْ نَكَثَ الْبَيْعَةَ وَ وَعِيدَكَ لَهُمْ إِذَا عَلِمْتَ أَحْوَالَهُمْ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصٰابِعَهُمْ فِي آذٰانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوٰاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ لِئَلاَّ يَسْمَعُوا لَعْنَكَ وَ وَعِيدَكَ فَتُغَيَّرَ أَلْوَانُهُمْ،فَيَسْتَدِلَّ أَصْحَابُكَ أَنَّهُمُ الْمَعْنِيُّونَ بِاللَّعْنِ وَ الْوَعِيدِ،لِمَا قَدْ ظَهَرَ مِنَ التَّغْيِيرِ وَ الاِضْطِرَابِ عَلَيْهِمْ،فَتُقَوَّى التُّهَمَةُ عَلَيْهِمْ،فَلاَ يَأْمَنُونَ هَلاَكَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى يَدِكَ وَ فِي حُكْمِكَ.

Then: ‘and the lightning’—they put their fingers in their ears so that the sound of the thunder does not tear their hearts out. Likewise they put their fingers in their ears when they hear your cursing of those who broke the pledge and your threats against them, when you have come to know their states. They put their fingers in their ears because of the thunderclaps for fear of death, so that they do not hear your curses and threats, lest their faces change color, and your companions infer that they are the ones intended by the cursing and the threats due to the evident change and agitation upon them. Thus the suspicion against them grows stronger, and they cannot feel safe from their destruction at your hand and by your judgment.

ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ اللّٰهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكٰافِرِينَ مُقْتَدِرٌ عَلَيْهِمْ،لَوْ شَاءَ أَظْهَرَ لَكَ نِفَاقَ مُنَافِقِيهِمْ،وَ أَبْدَى لَكَ أَسْرَارَهُمْ، وَ أَمَرَكَ بِقَتْلِهِمْ.

Then he said: “And Allah encompasses the unbelievers—He is all-powerful over them. If He willed, He would reveal to you the hypocrisy of their hypocrites, expose their secrets to you, and command you to kill them.”

ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَكٰادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصٰارَهُمْ وَ هَذَا مَثَلُ قَوْمٍ ابْتُلُوا بِبَرْقٍ فَلَمْ يَغُّضُّوا عَنْهُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ،وَ لَمْ يَسْتُرُوا مِنْهُ وُجُوهَهُمْ لِتَسْلَمَ عُيُونُهُمْ مِنْ تَلَأْلُئِهِ،وَ لَمْ يَنْظُرُوا إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ الَّذِي يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَخَلَّصُوا فِيهِ بِضَوْءِ الْبَرْقِ،وَ لَكِنَّهُمْ نَظَرُوا إِلَى نَفْسِ الْبَرْقِ فَكَادَ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ.

Then he said: “‘The lightning almost snatches away their sight’—this is the parable of people afflicted with lightning who did not lower their gaze from it, nor cover their faces from it so that their eyes might be safe from its brilliance, nor look toward the path by which they intended to escape by the light of the lightning. Rather, they looked at the lightning itself, so it nearly snatched away their sight.

فَكَذَلِكَ هَؤُلاَءِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ،يَكَادُ مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْمُحْكَمَةِ،الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى نُبُوَّتِكَ،الْمُوضِحَةِ عَنْ صِدْقِكَ،فِي نَصْبِ أَخِيكَ عَلِيٍّ إِمَاماً،وَ يَكَادُ مَا يُشَاهِدُونَهُ مِنْكَ-يَا مُحَمَّدُ-وَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ عَلِيٍّ مِنَ الْمُعْجِزَاتِ، الدَّالاَّتِ عَلَى أَنَّ أَمْرَكَ وَ أَمْرَهُ هُوَ الْحَقُّ الَّذِي لاَ رَيْبَ فِيهِ،ثُمَّ هُمْ-مَعَ ذَلِكَ-لاَ يَنْظُرُونَ فِي دَلاَئِلِ مَا يُشَاهِدُونَ مِنْ آيَاتِ الْقُرْآنِ،وَ آيَاتِكَ وَ آيَاتِ أَخِيكَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،يَكَادُ ذَهَابُهُمْ عَنِ الْحَقِّ فِي حُجَجِكَ يُبْطِلُ عَلَيْهِمْ سَائِرَ مَا قَدْ عَمِلُوهُ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ الَّتِي يَعْرِفُونَهَا،لِأَنَّ مَنْ جَحَدَ حَقّاً وَاحِداً،أَدَّاهُ ذَلِكَ الْجُحُودُ إِلَى أَنْ يَجْحَدَ كُلَّ حَقٍّ، فَصَارَ جَاحِدُهُ فِي بُطْلاَنِ سَائِرِ الْحُقُوقِ عَلَيْهِ،كَالنَّاظِرِ إِلَى جِرْمِ الشَّمْسِ فِي ذَهَابِ نُورِ بَصَرِهِ.

Likewise are these hypocrites: what is in the Qur’an of decisive verses that indicate your prophethood and clarify your truthfulness in appointing your brother ‘Alī as Imam, and what they witness from you—O Muhammad—and from your brother ‘Alī of miracles that indicate that your affair and his is the truth with no doubt—these nearly seize them. Yet despite that, they do not consider the proofs of what they witness from the signs of the Qur’an and your signs and the signs of your brother ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon him). Their turning away from the truth in your proofs nearly nullifies for them all other things they know, for whoever denies a single right, that denial leads him to deny every right, so the denier becomes, in the invalidation of all rights against him, like one who looks at the body of the sun and loses the light of his eyesight.

ثُمَّ قَالَ: كُلَّمٰا أَضٰاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ إِذَا ظَهَرَ مَا اعْتَقَدُوا أَنَّهُ الْحُجَّةُ،مَشَوْا فِيهِ:ثَبَتُوا عَلَيْهِ،وَ هَؤُلاَءِ كَانُوا إِذَا أَنْتَجَتْ خُيُولُهُمُ [1] الْإِنَاثَ،وَ نِسَاؤُهُمُ الذُّكُورَ،وَ حَمَلَتْ نَخِيلُهُمْ،وَ زَكَتْ [2] زُرُوعُهُمْ،وَ نَمَتْ تِجَارَتُهُمْ،وَ كَثُرَتِ الْأَلْبَانُ فِي ضُرُوعِهِمْ،قَالُوا:يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا بِبَرَكَةِ بَيْعَتِنَا لِعَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،إِنَّهُ مَبْخُوتٌ [3]،مُدَالٌ [4] فَبِذَاكَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ نُعْطِيَهُ ظَاهِرَ الطَّاعَةِ،لِنَعِيشَ فِي دَوْلَتِهِ.

Then he said: “‘Whenever it shines on them they walk in it’—whenever there appears to them what they suppose is a proof, they walk in it, meaning: they persist upon it. These were such that when their mares [1] bore females, and their women bore males, and their date palms bore fruit, and their crops increased [2], and their commerce grew, and milk in their udders became abundant, they would say: It is likely that this is by the blessing of our pledge to ‘Alī (peace be upon him). He is fortunate [3], granted the upper hand [4]. Therefore we ought to give him outward obedience so that we may live in his dominion.”

وَ إِذٰا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قٰامُوا أَيْ إِذَا أَنْتَجَتْ خُيُولُهُمُ الذُّكُورَ،وَ نِسَاؤُهُمُ الْإِنَاثَ،وَ لَمْ يَرْبَحُوا فِي تِجَارَتِهِمْ،وَ لاَ حَمَلَتْ نَخِيلُهُمْ،وَ لاَ زَكَتْ زُرُوعُهُمْ،وَقَفُوا وَ قَالُوا:هَذَا بِشُؤْمِ هَذِهِ الْبَيْعَةِ الَّتِي بَايَعْنَاهَا عَلِيّاً،وَ التَّصْدِيقِ الَّذِي صَدَّقْنَا مُحَمَّداً،وَ هُوَ نَظِيرُ مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ حَسَنَةٌ يَقُولُوا هٰذِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللّٰهِ وَ إِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ يَقُولُوا هٰذِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ [5].قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: قُلْ كُلٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللّٰهِ [6]بِحُكْمِهِ النَّافِذِ وَ قَضَائِهِ،لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لِشُؤْمِي وَ لاَ لِيُمْنِي. “

And ‘when it becomes dark to them, they stand still’—that is, when their horses bore males, and their women bore females, and they did not profit in their trade, and their date palms did not bear fruit, and their crops did not increase, they halted and said: This is due to the ill omen of the pledge by which we pledged to ‘Alī, and the confirmation with which we confirmed Muhammad. And this is akin to what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: O Muhammad, ‘If good befalls them, they say: This is from Allah; and if evil befalls them, they say: This is from you’ [5]. Allah, the Exalted, said: ‘Say: All is from Allah’ [6]—by His effective judgment and decree; it is not due to my ill-omen nor my auspiciousness.”

النساء 4:78

Quran 4:78 (M. H. Shakir): Wherever you are, death will overtake you, though you are in lofty towers; and if a good befalls them, they say: This is from Allah; and if a misfortune befalls them, they say: This is from you. Say: All is from Allah, but what is the matter with these people that they make no approach to understanding what is told (them)?

ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لَوْ شٰاءَ اللّٰهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَ أَبْصٰارِهِمْ حَتَّى لاَ يَتَهَيَّأَ لَهُمُ الاِحْتِرَازُ مِنْ أَنْ تَقِفَ عَلَى كُفْرِهِمْ،أَنْتَ وَ أَصْحَابُكَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ،وَ تُوجِبُ قَتْلَهُمْ إِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ لاَ يُعْجِزُهُ شَيْءٌ».

Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “‘And if Allah willed, He would certainly take away their hearing and their sight,’ so that it would not be possible for them to guard themselves against your discovering their disbelief—you and your believing companions—and you would make it incumbent to kill them. ‘Surely Allah has power over all things; nothing incapacitates Him.’”

99-/350 _1- و قال عليّ بن إبراهيم:قوله: أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمٰاءِ أي كمطر،و هو مثل الكفّار،قال:و قوله: يَخْطَفُ أَبْصٰارَهُمْ أي يعمي.

And ‘Alī b. Ibrāhīm said: His saying, ‘Or like a downpour from the sky’ means like rain, and it is a parable for the unbelievers. He said: And His saying, ‘snatches away their sight,’ that is, He blinds.

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ[21]

Quran 2:21 (M. H. Shakir):

O men! serve your Lord Who created you and those before you so that you may guard (against evil). [21]

99-/351 _2- قَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: يٰا أَيُّهَا النّٰاسُ يَعْنِي سَائِرَ الْمُكَلَّفِينَ مِنْ وُلْدِ آدَمَ. اُعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ أَطِيعُوا رَبَّكُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمْ،أَنْ تَعْتَقِدُوا أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ،وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ،وَ لاَ شَبِيهَ لَهُ وَ لاَ مِثْلَ،عَدْلٌ لاَ يَجُورُ،جَوَادٌ لاَ يَبْخَلُ،حَلِيمٌ لاَ يَعْجَلُ،حَكِيمٌ لاَ يَخْطَلُ [1]،وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ،وَ بِأَنَّ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ أَفْضَلُ آلِ النَّبِيِّينَ،وَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَفْضَلُ[آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ،وَ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُمْ أَفْضَلُ صَحَابَةِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ،وَ أَنَّ أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ أَفْضَلُ]أُمَمِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: اَلَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ اعْبُدُوا الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ مَهِينٍ،فَجَعَلَهُ فِي قَرَارٍ مَكِينٍ، إِلَى قَدَرِ مَعْلُومٍ،فَقَدَّرَهُ فَنِعْمَ الْقَادِرُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ. [2] قَوْلُهُ: اُعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ أَيْ اعْبُدُوا بِتَعْظِيمِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ) اَلَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ نَسَماً،وَ سَوَّاكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ،وَ صَوَّرَكُمْ،فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ قَالَ:وَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ مِنْ سَائِرِ أَصْنَافِ النَّاسِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ قَالَ:لَهَا وَجْهَانَ: أَحَدُهُمَا:وَ خَلَقَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ-كُلَّكُمْ-تَتَّقُونَ،أَيْ لِتَتَّقُوا كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مٰا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَ الْإِنْسَ إِلاّٰ لِيَعْبُدُونِ [3]. وَ الْوَجْهُ الْآخَرُ:اُعْبُدُوا الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ،وَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ،لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ،أَيْ اعْبُدُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ النَّارَ،

99-/351 _2- The Imam (peace be upon him) said: “‘Alī b. al-Ḥusayn (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, ‘O mankind,’ said: It means all those morally responsible from the children of Adam. ‘Serve your Lord’—obey your Lord in what He has commanded you: that you hold the belief that there is no god but Allah, alone, without partner, likeness, or equal; just, who does not wrong; generous, who does not withhold; forbearing, who does not hasten; wise, who does not err [1]; and that Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) is His servant and His messenger; and that the family of Muhammad are the best of the families of the prophets; and that ‘Alī (peace be upon him) is the best [of the family of Muhammad; and that the believing ones among the companions of Muhammad are the best of the companions of the messengers; and that the nation of Muhammad is the best] of the nations of the messengers. Then He, Mighty and Exalted, said: ‘Who created you’—serve the One who created you from a drop of despised water, then placed it in a secure resting place until a known measure; then He proportioned it—so excellent is the Bestower of proportioning, the Lord of the worlds. [2] His saying: ‘Serve your Lord who created you and those before you’—that is, worship by magnifying Muhammad and ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (peace be upon them), the One who created you as living souls, then formed you thereafter and shaped you and perfected your forms. Then He, Mighty and Exalted, said: ‘and those before you’—He said: And Allah created those before you from the various classes of people—‘that you may be Godwary.’ He said: It has two aspects: One: He created those before you so that you all may be Godwary—i.e., in order that you be Godwary—just as Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘And I have not created the jinn and mankind except that they should serve Me’ [3]. And the other aspect: Serve the One who created you and those before you, that you may be Godwary—i.e., worship Him so that you may guard yourselves from the Fire.”

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:34.

- Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:34.

_2) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):68/139 و 69 و 71.

- al-Tafsīr al-Mansūb ilā al-Imām al-‘Askarī (alayhi al-salām): 68/139, 69, and 71.

[1] الخطل:المنطق الفاسد المضطرب،و قد خطل في كلامه و أخطل،أي أفحش.«الصحاح-خلل-4:1685».

- al-Ṣiḥāḥ - Khalal - 4:1685.

[2] في«س»و«ط»:فقدّرنا فنعم القادرون العالمون.

- fī “S” wa “Ṭ”: fa-qaddarnā fa-ni‘ma al-qādirūna al-‘ālimūn.

[3] الذّاريات 51:56.

Quran 51:56 (M. H. Shakir): And I have not created the jinn and the men except that they should serve Me.