Al-Isra Ayah 45-46

رَاشِدٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ:«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): لاَ تَضْرِبُوا الدَّوَابَّ عَلَى وُجُوهِهَا فَإِنَّهَا تُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ». قَالَ:وَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ:«لاَ تَسِمُوهَا فِي وُجُوهِهَا».

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: Do not strike riding animals on their faces, for they glorify Allah with His praise. And in another hadith: Do not brand them on their faces.

قوله تعالى: وَ إِذٰا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنٰا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجٰاباً مَسْتُوراً -إلى قوله تعالى- وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً [45-46]

Quran 17:45-46 (M. H. Shakir):

And when you recite the Quran, We place between you and those who do not believe in the hereafter a hidden veil; And We have placed coverings on their hearts and a heaviness in their ears lest they understand it; and when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran, they turn their backs in aversion.

99-/6393 _1- علي بن إبراهيم،قال في قوله تعالى: وَ إِذٰا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنٰا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجٰاباً مَسْتُوراً يعني يحجب اللّه عنك الشياطين وَ جَعَلْنٰا عَلىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً أي غشاوة أَنْ يَفْقَهُوهُ وَ فِي آذٰانِهِمْ وَقْراً يعني صمما. قال:قوله: وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً قال:كان رسول اللّه(صلّى اللّه عليه و آله)إذا تهجد بالقرآن تستمع له قريش لحسن صوته [1]،و كان إذا قرأ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فروا عنه.

99-/6393 -1- ‘Ali ibn Ibrāhīm said regarding His saying, And when you recite the Quran, We place between you and those who do not believe in the hereafter a hidden veil: it means that Allah veils you from the devils. And We have placed coverings on their hearts, that is, a shroud, lest they understand it; and in their ears a heaviness, meaning deafness. He said regarding His saying, And when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran, they turn their backs in aversion: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), when he would keep vigil reciting the Quran, Quraysh would listen because of the beauty of his voice [1]; but when he recited In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful, they fled from him.

99-/6394 _2- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ):عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ يَهُودِيٌّ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حُجِبَ عَنْ نُمْرُودَ بِحُجُبٍ ثَلاَثٍ،قَالَ عَلِيٌّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ، وَ مُحَمَّدٌ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)حُجِبَ عَمَّنْ أَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ بِحُجُبٍ خَمْسٍ،فَثَلاَثَةٌ بِثَلاَثَةٍ وَ اثْنَانِ فَضْلٌ،قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ هُوَ يَصِفُ أَمْرَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): وَ جَعَلْنٰا مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ سَدًّا فَهَذَا الْحِجَابُ الْأَوَّلُ وَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ سَدًّا فَهَذَا الْحِجَابُ الثَّانِي فَأَغْشَيْنٰاهُمْ فَهُمْ لاٰ يُبْصِرُونَ [2]فَهَذَا الْحِجَابُ الثَّالِثُ؛ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ إِذٰا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنٰا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجٰاباً مَسْتُوراً فَهَذَا الْحِجَابُ الرَّابِعُ،ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَهِيَ إِلَى الْأَذْقٰانِ فَهُمْ مُقْمَحُونَ [3]فَهَذِهِ حُجُبٌ خَمْسٌ».

99-/6394 -2- Al-Ṭabrisī in (al-Iḥtijāj), from Mūsā ibn Ja‘far (peace be upon them): A Jew said to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), “Indeed, Abraham was screened from Nimrod by three veils.” ‘Alī (peace be upon him) said, “It was so; and Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) was screened from those who intended to kill him by five veils: three corresponding to those three, and two as an extra favor. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, describing the matter of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family), said: And We have set a barrier before them, so that is the first veil; and a barrier behind them, so that is the second veil; then We have covered them over so they do not see [2], so that is the third veil. Then He said: And when you recite the Quran, We place between you and those who do not believe in the hereafter a hidden veil, so that is the fourth veil. Then He said: So that they are up to the chins, and they are constrained [3]. Thus, these are five veils.

قوله تعالى: وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً

Quran 17:46 (M. H. Shakir):

And when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran, they turn their backs in aversion.

99-/6395 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ،قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)فَذَكَرَ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَقَالَ:«تَدْرِي مَا نَزَلَ فِي بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ؟»فَقُلْتُ:لاَ،فَقَالَ:«إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) كَانَ أَحْسَنَ النَّاسِ صَوْتاً بِالْقُرْآنِ،وَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي بِفِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَرَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ،وَ كَانَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ وَ شَيْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ وَ أَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ وَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ قِرَاءَتَهُ-قَالَ وَ كَانَ يُكْثِرُ قِرَاءَةَ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَيَرْفَعُ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ-قَالَ-فَيَقُولُونَ:إِنَّ مُحَمَّداً لَيُرَدِّدُ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ تَرَدُّداً،إِنَّهُ لَيُحِبُّهُ،فَيَأْمُرُونَ مَنْ يَقُومُ فَيَسْتَمِعُ إِلَيْهِ،وَ يَقُولُونَ:إِذَا جَازَ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَأَعْلِمْنَا حَتَّى نَقُومَ فَنَسْتَمِعَ قِرَاءَتَهُ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ -بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ- وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً ».

99-/6395 -3- Al-‘Ayyāshī, from Zayd ibn ‘Alī, who said: I entered upon Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him), and he mentioned “In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful,” and said: Do you know what was revealed regarding “In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful”? I said, No. He said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) had the most beautiful voice in reciting the Quran, and he would pray in the courtyard of the Ka‘bah and raise his voice. ‘Utbah ibn Rabī‘ah, Shaybah ibn Rabī‘ah, Abū Jahl ibn Hishām, and a group of them would hear his recitation—and he would often recite “In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful,” raising his voice with it—so they would say, “Muhammad indeed repeats the name of his Lord repeatedly; he surely loves Him.” They would appoint someone to stand and listen to him, and say, “When he passes ‘In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful,’ inform us so that we may get up and listen to his recitation.” Then Allah revealed regarding that: And when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran—“In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful”—they turn their backs in aversion.

99-/6396 _4- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ فِي بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ .قَالَ:«هُوَ أَحَقُّ مَا جُهِرَ بِهِ،فَاجْهَرْ بِهِ [1]،وَ هِيَ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ -بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ- وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً كَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَى قِرَاءَةِ النَّبِيِّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،فَإِذَا قَرَأَ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ نَفَرُوا وَ ذَهَبُوا،فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْهُ عَادُوا وَ تَسْمَعُوا».

99-/6396 -4- From Zurārah, from one of the two (peace be upon them), who said regarding “In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful”: It is most deserving to be recited aloud, so recite it aloud [1]; and it is the verse about which Allah said: And when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran—“In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful”—they turn their backs in aversion. The polytheists used to listen to the recitation of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family); but when he recited “In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful,” they recoiled and left; then when he finished it they would return and listen.

99-/6397 _5- عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِذَا صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ جَهَرَ بِ‌ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَتَخَلَّفَ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ عَنِ الصُّفُوفِ،فَإِذَا جَازَهَا فِي السُّورَةِ عَادُوا إِلَى مَوَاضِعِهِمْ وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ:إِنَّهُ لَيُرَدِّدُ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ تَرْدَاداً،إِنَّهُ لَيُحِبُّ رَبَّهُ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَ إِذٰا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلىٰ أَدْبٰارِهِمْ نُفُوراً ».

99-/6397 -5- From Manṣūr ibn Ḥāzim, from Abū ‘Abdillāh (peace be upon him), who said: When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) led the people in prayer, he would recite aloud “In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful,” and the hypocrites behind him would drop back from the rows. When he passed it within the sūrah, they returned to their places and some of them said to others, “He indeed repeats the name of his Lord repeatedly; he surely loves his Lord.” Then Allah revealed: And when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran, they turn their backs in aversion.

99-/6398 _6- عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ،قَالَ:قَالَ لِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «يَا ثُمَالِيُّ،إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَيَأْتِي قَرِينَ الْإِمَامِ فَيَسْأَلُهُ،هَلْ ذَكَرَ رَبَّهُ؟فَإِنْ قَالَ:نَعَمْ؛اكْتَسَعَ [2] فَذَهَبَ،وَ إِنْ قَالَ:لاَ؛رَكِبَ عَلَى كَتِفَيْهِ،وَ كَانَ إِمَامَ الْقَوْمِ حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفُوا». قَالَ:قُلْتُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،وَ مَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ:ذَكَرَ رَبَّهُ؟قَالَ:«الْجَهْرُ بِ‌ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ».

99-/6398 -6- From Abū Ḥamzah al-Thumālī, who said: Abū Ja‘far (peace be upon him) said to me: O Thumālī, indeed Satan comes to the companion of the imam and asks him, “Did he mention his Lord?” If he says, “Yes,” it kicks out [2] and departs; but if he says, “No,” it mounts his shoulders and becomes the imam of the people until they finish. He said: I asked, May I be your ransom, what is the meaning of his saying “he mentioned his Lord”? He said: Reciting aloud “In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful.”

قوله تعالى: نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمٰا يَسْتَمِعُونَ بِهِ إِذْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَ إِذْ هُمْ نَجْوىٰ -إلى

His saying, the Exalted: We know best with what they listen when they listen to you, and when they confer in secret—up to…

الهوامش والمراجع:

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:20. Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:20.

_2) -الإحتجاج 1:213. al-Iḥtijāj 1:213.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:85/295. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:85/295.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:86/295. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:86/295.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:87/295. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:87/295.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:88/296. Tafsīr al-‘Ayyāshī 2:88/296.

[1] في«ط»:قراءته. fī “Ṭ”: qirā’atihi.

[2] يس 36:9. Yā-Sīn 36:9.

[3] يس 36.8. Yā-Sīn 36:8.

[1] في«ط»:هو الحقّ فاجهر به. fī “Ṭ”: huwa al-ḥaqqu fajhar bih.

[2] اكتسع الفحل:خطر فضرب فخذيه بذنبه.«القاموس المحيط-كسع-3:81». iktas‘a al-faḥl: khaṭara fa-ḍaraba fakhidhayhi bidhaylihi. “al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ – kas‘a – 3:81”.