S 30 Ayat 39
قوله تعالى:
وَ مٰا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِباً لِيَرْبُوَا فِي أَمْوٰالِ النّٰاسِ فَلاٰ يَرْبُوا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ [39]
The saying of Allah, the Most High:
"And whatever you give in usury, so that it may increase in the property of men, it shall not increase with Allah." (Surat Al-Rum, 30:39, translation by M. H. Shakir)
99-/8357 _4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْيَمَانِيِّ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «الرِّبَا رِبَاءَانِ:رِبًا يُؤْكَلُ،وَ رِبًا لاَ يُؤْكَلُ،فَأَمَّا الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ فَهَدِيَّتُكَ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ تَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ الثَّوَابَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهَا،فَذَلِكَ الرِّبَا الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مٰا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِباً لِيَرْبُوَا فِي أَمْوٰالِ النّٰاسِ فَلاٰ يَرْبُوا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ ،وَ أَمَّا الَّذِي لاَ يُؤْكَلُ فَهُوَ الرِّبَا الَّذِي نَهَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْهُ،وَ أَوْعَدَ عَلَيْهِ النَّارَ».
99-/8357 Muḥammad ibn Ya‘qūb narrated from ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm, from his father, from Ḥammād ibn ‘Īsā, from Ibrāhīm ibn ‘Umar al-Yamānī, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him). He said:
"Ribā (usury) is of two types: a ribā that is consumed, and a ribā that is not consumed. As for the one that is consumed, it is when you give a gift to a man, desiring from him in return something better than what you gave; this is the ribā that is consumed, and it is regarding this that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘And whatever you give in usury, so that it may increase in the property of men, it shall not increase with Allah’ [30:39]. As for the ribā that is not consumed, it is the ribā which Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has forbidden and threatened with Hellfire."
99-/8358 _5- الشَّيْخُ:بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ،عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَ مٰا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِباً لِيَرْبُوَا فِي أَمْوٰالِ النّٰاسِ فَلاٰ يَرْبُوا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ ،قَالَ:«هُوَ هَدِيَّتُكَ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ تَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ الثَّوَابَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهَا،فَذَلِكَ رِبًا يُؤْكَلُ».
99-/8358 Al-Shaykh narrated with his chain of transmission from al-Ḥusayn ibn Sa‘īd, from Ḥammād ibn ‘Īsā, from Ibrāhīm ibn ‘Umar, from Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, the Exalted: "And whatever you give in usury, so that it may increase in the property of men, it shall not increase with Allah" [30:39].
He said: "It refers to when you give a gift to a man desiring from him in return something better than what you gave; that is the consumable ribā (usury)."
99-/8359 _6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ،عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ،قَالَ:قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «الرِّبَا رِبَاءَانِ:أَحَدُهُمَا حَلاَلٌ،وَ الْآخَرُ حَرَامٌ،فَأَمَّا الْحَلاَلُ فَهُوَ أَنْ يُقْرِضَ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ قَرْضاً طَمَعاً أَنْ يَزِيدَهُ وَ يُعَوِّضَهُ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَأْخُذُهُ،بِلاَ شَرْطٍ بَيْنَهُمَا،فَإِنْ أَعْطَاهُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَخَذَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ شَرْطٍ بَيْنَهُمَا فَهُوَ مُبَاحٌ لَهُ،وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ثَوَابٌ فِيمَا أَقْرَضَهُ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: فَلاٰ يَرْبُوا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ ،وَ أَمَّا الرِّبَا الْحَرَامُ،فَالرَّجُلُ يُقْرِضُ قَرْضاً وَ يَشْتَرِطُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَخَذَهُ،فَهَذَا هُوَ الْحَرَامُ».
99-/8359 ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm narrated, he said: My father reported to me from al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad, from Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd al-Minqarī, from Ḥafṣ ibn Ghiyāth, who said:
Abū ‘Abd Allāh (peace be upon him) said:
"Ribā (usury) is of two types: one is ḥalāl (permissible) and the other is ḥarām (forbidden). As for the permissible one, it is when a man lends his brother a loan hoping that he may increase it and return more than what he took, but without any condition between them. So if he gives him back more than what he took without any stipulation, then it is allowed for him, though he will have no reward from Allah for what he lent, and this is the meaning of His saying: 'It shall not increase with Allah' [30:39]. As for the ribā that is forbidden, it is when a man lends a loan and stipulates that he should return more than what he took; that is the one that is ḥarām."
99-/8360 _7- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ:فِي مَعْنِيِّ الْآيَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «هُوَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَطِيَّةَ،أَوْ يُهْدِيَ الْهَدِيَّةَ لِيُثَابَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا،فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ أَجْرٌ وَ لاَ وِزْرٌ».
99-/8360 _7 – At-Tabrisi: Concerning the meaning of this verse, narrated from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): "It refers to a person who gives something or presents a gift, expecting to receive something greater in return; in this case, there is neither reward nor sin."
_3) -تأويل الآيات 1:5/435.
_4) -الكافي 5:6/145.
_5) -التهذيب 7:67/15.
_6) -تفسير القمّيّ 2:159.
_7) -مجمع البيان 8:479.
[1] تقدّمت في تفسير الآيات(26-28)من سورة الإسراء.
Page 349 in Arabic
قوله تعالى:
وَ مٰا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ زَكٰاةٍ تُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ اللّٰهِ فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُضْعِفُونَ
"And whatever you give in Zakat, desiring Allah’s pleasure, these are the ones whose reward shall be multiplied." (Surat Ar-Rum, 30:39)
[39] /8361 _1-علي بن إبراهيم:أي ما بررتم به إخوانكم و أقرضتموهم لا طمعا في زيادة.
قال:وقَالَ الصَّادِقُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «عَلَى بَابِ الْجَنَّةِ مَكْتُوبٌ:اَلْقَرْضُ بِثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ،وَ الصَّدَقَةُ بِعَشْرٍ».
ثمّ ذكر عزّ و جلّ عظيم قدرته،و تفضله على خلقه،فقال: اَللّٰهُ الَّذِي يُرْسِلُ الرِّيٰاحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحٰاباً أي ترفعه فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِي السَّمٰاءِ كَيْفَ يَشٰاءُ وَ يَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفاً قال:بعضه على بعض، فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ [1]أي المطر يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلاٰلِهِ فَإِذٰا أَصٰابَ بِهِ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ مِنْ عِبٰادِهِ إِذٰا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ* وَ إِنْ كٰانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمُبْلِسِينَ [2]أي آيِسِينَ فَانْظُرْ إِلىٰ آثٰارِ رَحْمَتِ اللّٰهِ كَيْفَ يُحْيِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهٰا إِنَّ ذٰلِكَ لَمُحْيِ الْمَوْتىٰ [3]و هو ردّ على الدهرية.
99-/8361 ‘Alī ibn Ibrāhīm said: It refers to whatever you give kindly to your brothers and lend to them, not in hope of receiving an increase.
He said: And al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) said: "At the door of Paradise, it is written: 'The reward for a loan is eighteen times, and for charity ten times.'"
Then Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, mentioned His great power and His favor upon His creation, saying:
"Allah is He Who sends the winds so they raise the clouds, then He spreads them forth in the sky as He pleases, and He makes them fragments, so you see the rain coming forth from within them; then when He causes it to fall upon whom He pleases of His servants, lo! they are joyful. And surely before that, before it was sent down upon them, they were indeed in despair. Look then at the signs of Allah’s mercy, how He gives life to the earth after its death; most surely He will raise the dead to life; and He has power over all things." [Surah Al-Rum 30:48-50, translation by M.H. Shakir]
This is a refutation against the materialists (al-Dahriyya).