An-Nahl Ayah 48-51

النحل آيات 48-51

أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا إِلَىٰ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ مِن شَيْءٍۢ يَتَفَيَّؤُا۟ ظِلَٰلُهُۥ عَنِ ٱلْيَمِينِ وَٱلشَّمَآئِلِ سُجَّدًۭا لِّلَّهِ وَهُمْ دَٰخِرُونَ • وَلِلَّهِ يَسْجُدُ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مِن دَآبَّةٍۢ وَٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ وَهُمْ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ • يَخَافُونَ رَبَّهُم مِّن فَوْقِهِمْ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا يُؤْمَرُونَ • وَقَالَ ٱللَّهُ لَا تَتَّخِذُوٓا۟ إِلَـٰهَيْنِ ٱثْنَيْنِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَـٰهٌۭ وَٰحِدٌۭ فَإِيَّٰىَ فَٱرْهَبُونِ

[النحل 48-51]

99-/Q16:48-51) Do they not consider everything that Allah has created? Its (very) shadows return from its right and its left, making obeisance to Allah while they are humble. And whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth makes obeisance to Allah only, whether moving creatures or the angels, and they do not show pride. They fear their Lord above them and do what they are commanded. And Allah has said: Do not take two gods. He is only one God; so of Me, Me alone, should you be afraid. (M. H. Shakir)

/6055 _4-علي بن إبراهيم،قال:قوله: أَ فَأَمِنَ الَّذِينَ مَكَرُوا السَّيِّئٰاتِ يا محمد،و هو استفهام أَنْ يَخْسِفَ اللّٰهُ بِهِمُ الْأَرْضَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ الْعَذٰابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لاٰ يَشْعُرُونَ* أَوْ يَأْخُذَهُمْ فِي تَقَلُّبِهِمْ فَمٰا هُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ قال:إذا جاءوا و ذهبوا في التجارات و في أعمالهم،فيأخذهم في تلك الحالة: أَوْ يَأْخُذَهُمْ عَلىٰ تَخَوُّفٍ قال:

على تيقظ فَإِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ .

99-/6055) Ali b. Ibrāhīm said: His saying, “Are those who devise evil secure, O Muhammad?”—and it is an interrogative—“that Allah may make the earth swallow them, or that the punishment may come upon them from whence they do not perceive; or that He may seize them in their movements so that they shall not frustrate (Him).” He said: when they come and go in trade and in their occupations—He seizes them in that very state. “Or that He may seize them by degrees (ʿalā takhawwuf).” He said: meaning, in alertness and wakefulness. “Surely your Lord is Compassionate, Merciful.”

[1] في المصدر: يمرون.

[1] fi al-maṣdar: yamurrūn.

قوله تعالى:

أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَوْا إِلىٰ مٰا خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ -إلى قوله تعالى- إِنَّمٰا هُوَ إِلٰهٌ وٰاحِدٌ فَإِيّٰايَ فَارْهَبُونِ [48-51]

/6056 _1-علي بن إبراهيم،قال قوله: أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَوْا إِلىٰ مٰا خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ يَتَفَيَّؤُا ظِلاٰلُهُ عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَ الشَّمٰائِلِ سُجَّداً لِلّٰهِ وَ هُمْ دٰاخِرُونَ قال:تحويل كل ظل خلقه اللّه هو سجوده لله،لأنّه ليس شيء إلاّ له ظل يتحرك،فتحريكه و تحويله سجوده.

قال:و قوله: وَ لِلّٰهِ يَسْجُدُ مٰا فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ مٰا فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ دٰابَّةٍ وَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةُ وَ هُمْ لاٰ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ* يَخٰافُونَ رَبَّهُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَ يَفْعَلُونَ مٰا يُؤْمَرُونَ .قال:الملائكة ما قدر اللّه لهم،يأمرون [1] فيه.ثم احتج اللّه عزّ و جلّ على الثنوية،فقال: لاٰ تَتَّخِذُوا إِلٰهَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ إِنَّمٰا هُوَ إِلٰهٌ وٰاحِدٌ فَإِيّٰايَ فَارْهَبُونِ .

99-/6056) His saying, “Do they not look to what Allah has created… ‘He is only one God, so of Me be in awe’ [16:48-51].” Ali b. Ibrāhīm said regarding “Do they not look to what Allah has created—its shadows incline from the right and the left, prostrating to Allah while they are humble”: The shifting of every shadow of what Allah has created is its prostration to Allah, for there is nothing but that it has a shadow that moves; its motion and its shifting are its prostration. And regarding “To Allah prostrates whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth of every creature, and the angels, and they do not act arrogantly; they fear their Lord above them and do what they are commanded”: the angels carry out what Allah has measured for them; they are commanded concerning it. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, argued against the dualists, saying: “Do not take two gods. He is only one God; so of Me be in awe.”

[1] في المصدر: يمرون.

[1] fi al-maṣdar: yamurrūn.

/6057 _2- الطَّبْرِسِيُّ فِي(الْإِحْتِجَاجِ):قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قِيلَ لَهُ:وَ لِمَ لاَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَانِعُ الْعَالَمِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ؟ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):«لاَ يَخْلُو قَوْلُكَ أَنَّهُمَا اثْنَانِ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَا قَدِيمَيْنِ قَوِيَّيْنِ أَوْ يَكُونَا ضَعِيفَيْنِ،أَوْ يَكُونَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَوِيّاً وَ الْآخَرُ ضَعِيفاً،فَإِنْ كَانَا قَوِيَّيْنِ،فَلِمَ لاَ يَدْفَعُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ وَ يَتَفَرَّدُ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ؟وَ إِنْ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا قَوِيٌّ وَ الْآخَرَ ضَعِيفٌ ثَبَتَ أَنَّهُ وَاحِدٌ كَمَا تَقُولُ لِلْعَجْزِ الظَّاهِرِ فِي الثَّانِي،وَ إِنْ قُلْتَ:إِنَّهُمَا اثْنَانِ؛لَمْ يَخْلُ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَا مُتَّفِقَيْنِ مِنْ كُلِّ جِهَةٍ أَوْ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ مِنْ كُلِّ جِهَةٍ،فَلَمَّا رَأَيْنَا الْخَلْقَ مُنْتَظِماً،وَ الْفَلَكَ جَارِياً،وَ اخْتِلاَفَ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ وَ الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ،دَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى صِحَّةِ الْأَمْرِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ ائْتِلاَفِ الْأُمُورِ،وَ أَنَّ الْمُدَبِّرَ وَاحِدٌ».

99-/6057) Al-Ṭabrisī in al-Iḥtijāj: He said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him) was asked, “Why is it not permissible that the Maker of the world be more than one?” Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him) said: “Your saying that they are two does not escape one of these: that they both are eternal and powerful; or that they both are weak; or that one is powerful and the other weak. If they are both powerful, why does not each repel the other and single himself out with lordship? And if you claim that one is powerful and the other weak, it is established that He is one, as you would yourself say, due to the evident incapacity in the second. And if you say they are two, it cannot be but that they are either alike in every respect or different in every respect. When we observe creation orderly, the sphere moving, and the alternation of night and day and the sun and the moon, that indicates the soundness of governance and management and the harmony of affairs, and that the Manager is One.”

/6058 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ: « لاٰ تَتَّخِذُوا إِلٰهَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ إِنَّمٰا هُوَ إِلٰهٌ وٰاحِدٌ

99-/6058) Al-ʿAyyāshī: from Abū Baṣīr, who said: I heard Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him) say: “Do not take two gods; He is only one God—”

يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ وَ لاَ تَتَّخِذُوا إِمَامَيْنِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ إِمَامٌ وَاحِدٌ».

—meaning by that: do not take two Imams; there is only one Imam.”

النحل آيات 52-62

وَلَهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَهُ ٱلدِّينُ وَاصِبًۭا أَفَغَيْرَ ٱللَّهِ تَتَّقُونَ • وَمَا بِكُم مِّن نِّعْمَةٍۢ فَمِنَ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ إِذَا مَسَّكُمُ ٱلضُّرُّ فَإِلَيْهِ تَجْـَٔرُونَ • ثُمَّ إِذَا كَشَفَ ٱلضُّرَّ عَنكُمْ إِذَا فَرِيقٌۭ مِّنكُم بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ • لِيَكْفُرُوا۟ بِمَآ ءَاتَيْنَـٰهُمْ فَتَمَتَّعُوا۟ فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ • وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُونَ نَصِيبًۭا مِّمَّا رَزَقْنَـٰهُمْ تَ ٱللَّهِ لَتُسْـَٔلُنَّ عَمَّا كُنتُمْ تَفْتَرُونَ • وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ ٱلْبَنَـٰتِ سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥ وَلَهُم مَّا يَشْتَهُونَ • وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُم بِٱلْأُنثَىٰ ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُۥ مُسْوَدًّۭا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌۭ • يَتَوَٰرَىٰ مِنَ ٱلْقَوْمِ مِن سُوٓءِ مَا بُشِّرَ بِهِۦٓ أَيُمْسِكُهُۥ عَلَىٰ هُونٍ أَمْ يَدُسُّهُۥ فِى ٱلتُّرَابِ أَلَا سَآءَ مَا يَحْكُمُونَ • لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ مَثَلُ ٱلسَّوْءِ وَلِلَّهِ ٱلْمَثَلُ ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ • وَلَوْ يُؤَاخِذُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّاسَ بِظُلْمِهِم مَّا تَرَكَ عَلَيْهَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ وَلَـٰكِن يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍۢ مُّسَمًّۭى فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَجَلُهُمْ لَا يَسْتَـْٔخِرُونَ سَاعَةًۭ وَلَا يَسْتَقْدِمُونَ • وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ مَا يَكْرَهُونَ وَتَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُهُمُ ٱلْكَرِبَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلنَّارَ وَأَنَّهُم مُّفْرَطُونَ

[النحل 52-62]

99-/Q16:52-62) And whatever is in the heavens and the earth is His, and to Him is obedience due always; will you then fear any other than Allah? And whatever favor is (bestowed) on you, it is from Allah; then when evil afflicts you, to Him do you cry for aid. Yet when He removes the evil from you, lo! a party of you associate others with their Lord; So that they may be ungrateful for what We have given them; so enjoy yourselves; for soon will you know. And they set apart a portion for that which they do not know; by Allah, you shall most certainly be questioned about that which you forged. And they assign to Allah daughters; glory be to Him; and for themselves (they assign) what they desire. And when a daughter is announced to one of them his face becomes black while he suppresses grief. He hides himself from the people because of the evil of that which is announced to him. Shall he keep it with disgrace or bury it (alive) in the dust? Now surely evil is what they judge. For those who do not believe in the hereafter is an evil attribute, and Allah’s is the Sublime Attribute; and He is the Mighty, the Wise. And if Allah had destroyed men for their iniquity, He would not leave on the earth a single creature, but He respites them till an appointed time; so when their doom shall come, they shall not be able to delay (it) an hour nor can they bring (it) on (before its time). And they ascribe to Allah what they (themselves) dislike, and their tongues assert the lie that for them is good. Assuredly for them is the fire, and that they shall be brought in to it. (M. H. Shakir)

/6059 _1- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ لَهُ الدِّينُ وٰاصِباً .

قَالَ:«وَاجِباً».

99-/6059) Al-ʿAyyāshī: from Samāʿah, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh (peace be upon him), who said—I asked him about Allah’s saying: “And to Him is the religion wāṣiban.” He said: “Obligatory.”

/6060 _2-علي بن إبراهيم،قوله: وَ لَهُ مٰا فِي السَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لَهُ الدِّينُ وٰاصِباً أي واجبا.ثم ذكر تفضله [1] فقال: وَ مٰا بِكُمْ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ فَمِنَ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ إِذٰا مَسَّكُمُ الضُّرُّ فَإِلَيْهِ تَجْئَرُونَ أي تفزعون و ترجعون.و النعمة:

في الصحة و السعة و العافية ثُمَّ إِذٰا كَشَفَ الضُّرَّ عَنْكُمْ إِذٰا فَرِيقٌ مِنْكُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ* لِيَكْفُرُوا بِمٰا آتَيْنٰاهُمْ فَتَمَتَّعُوا فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ .

قال:و قوله: وَ يَجْعَلُونَ لِمٰا لاٰ يَعْلَمُونَ نَصِيباً مِمّٰا رَزَقْنٰاهُمْ و هم الذي وصفنا،مما كان العرب يجعلون للأصنام نصيبا في زرعهم،و إبلهم و غنمهم،فرد اللّه عليهم فقال: تَاللّٰهِ لَتُسْئَلُنَّ عَمّٰا كُنْتُمْ تَفْتَرُونَ* وَ يَجْعَلُونَ لِلّٰهِ الْبَنٰاتِ سُبْحٰانَهُ وَ لَهُمْ مٰا يَشْتَهُونَ .

99-/6060) Ali b. Ibrāhīm: His saying, “And whatever is in the heavens and the earth is His, and to Him is the religion wāṣiban,” meaning: obligatory. Then He mentioned His favor [1], saying: “And whatever blessing you have, it is from Allah; then when distress touches you, to Him you cry aloud”—that is, you take refuge and return. The blessing is health, ample provision, and well-being. “Then when He removes the distress from you, lo! a party of you associate others with their Lord, so as to be ungrateful for what We have given them. Enjoy yourselves, for soon you will know.” And His saying: “And they set apart a portion for that which they do not know of what We have provided them”—they are those we have described: the Arabs used to assign a share to the idols from their crops, camels, and flocks. So Allah refuted them, saying: “By Allah, you shall surely be questioned about what you used to forge; and they assign to Allah daughters—glory be to Him—while for themselves is what they desire.”

[1] في«س،ط»:تفصيله.

[1] fī “S, Ṭ”: tafṣīlih.

/6061 _3-و عنه،قال:قالت قريش،إن الملائكة بنات اللّه،فنسبوا ما لا يشتهون إلى اللّه،فقال اللّه عزّ و جلّ:

وَ يَجْعَلُونَ لِلّٰهِ الْبَنٰاتِ سُبْحٰانَهُ وَ لَهُمْ مٰا يَشْتَهُونَ يعني من البنين. ثم قال وَ إِذٰا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُمْ بِالْأُنْثىٰ ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا وَ هُوَ كَظِيمٌ* يَتَوٰارىٰ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ مِنْ سُوءِ مٰا بُشِّرَ بِهِ أَ يُمْسِكُهُ عَلىٰ هُونٍ أي:يستهين به أَمْ يَدُسُّهُ فِي التُّرٰابِ أَلاٰ سٰاءَ مٰا يَحْكُمُونَ .ثم ردّ اللّه عليهم فقال: لِلَّذِينَ لاٰ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ مَثَلُ السَّوْءِ وَ لِلّٰهِ الْمَثَلُ الْأَعْلىٰ وَ هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ .

99-/6061) And from him, he said: Quraysh said, “The angels are the daughters of Allah,” so they attributed to Allah what they themselves do not desire. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: “And they assign to Allah daughters—glory be to Him—while for themselves is what they desire,” meaning sons. Then He said, “And when one of them is given tidings of a female, his face darkens while he suppresses (his grief). He hides himself from the people because of the evil of what he has been informed of. Shall he keep her in humiliation—meaning, he treats her with contempt—or bury her in the dust? Evil indeed is what they judge.” Then Allah refuted them, saying: “For those who do not believe in the Hereafter is an evil attribute, and Allah’s is the Most Exalted Attribute, and He is the Mighty, the Wise.”

/6062 _4- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الدَّقَّاقُ(رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُوفِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَرْمَكِيُّ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي،

99-/6062) Ibn Bābawayh said: ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿImrān al-Daqqāq (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us; he said: Muḥammad b. Abī ʿAbd Allāh al-Kūfī narrated to us; he said: Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Barmakī narrated to us; he said: al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan narrated to us; he said: my father narrated to me—

المراجع

_4) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:385.

_4) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:385.

_1) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:386.

_1) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:386.

_2) -الإحتجاج:333.

_2) -al-Iḥtijāj: 333.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشيّ 2:36/261.

_3) -Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 2:36/261.

_1) -تفسير العيّاشي 2:37/262.

_1) -Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī 2:37/262.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:386.

_2) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:386.

_3) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:386.

_3) -Tafsīr al-Qummī 1:386.

_4) -التوحيد:1/321.

_4) -al-Tawḥīd 1/321.