The Practice of the Companions in Seeking Blessings from the Prophet During His Lifetime

سيره مسلمين در تبرك

سيره صحابه در تبرك به پيامبر در زمان حياتش

اشاره

محمد طاهر مكّي مي گويد: تبرك به آثار پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) سنت صحابه بوده است كه اين

سنت را تابعين و صالحين مؤمن نيز دنبال نموده اند. تبرك به آثار پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) در عصر آن حضرت واقع شد و حضرت بر كسي انكار نكرد و اين خود دليل قاطعي بر مشروعيت تبرك است، زيرا اگر اين چنين نبود پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) مردم را از آن نهي مي كرد؛ خصوصاً با در نظر گرفتن اين نكته كه غالب صحابه ايمان هاي قوي داشته و تابع دستورهاي پيامبر اكرم (صلي الله عليه وآله) بوده اند. [21] . ابن حجر مي گويد: هر مولودي كه در عصر پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) بوده قطعاً پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) را ديده است، زيرا اصحاب انگيزه فراواني داشتند تا فرزندان خود را به نزد پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) آورده تا به پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) متبرك ساخته و پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) او را تحنيك كند. [22] حتي گفته شده كه بعد از فتح مكه، اهالي آن فرزندانشان را نزد پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) مي آوردند تا دست مباركش را بر سرشان كشيده و دعاي به بركت نمايد. [23] . در اين زمينه روايات فراواني است كه به برخي از آنها اشاره مي كنيم: 1 _ عايشه نقل مي كند: صحابه دائماً فرزندان خود را نزد رسول خدا (صلي الله عليه وآله) مي آوردند تا آنان را تحنيك كرده و مبارك گرداند. [24] . 2 _ امّ قيس فرزندش را _ كه هنوز غذا نخورده بود _ نزد رسول خدا (صلي الله عليه وآله) آورد و او را در دامن آن حضرت (صلي الله عليه وآله) قرار داد.... [25] . ابن حجر در شرح اين

حديث مي گويد: از اين حديث استفاده مي شود كه تحنيك [ صفحه 176] طفل و تبرك به اهل فضل مستحب است. [26] . 3 _ انس مي گويد: رسول خدا (صلي الله عليه وآله) را ديدم كه حلاّق سر مباركش را مي تراشيد و اصحاب دور وجودش طواف مي كردند تا اگر دانه مويي از سر حضرت (صلي الله عليه وآله) جدا شود بر دستان آنها قرار گيرد. [27] . 4 _ ابي حجيفه مي گويد: خدمت رسول خدا (صلي الله عليه وآله) رسيدم، در حالي كه وضو مي گرفت و مردم بر هم سبقت مي گرفتند تا از آب وضوي پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) بهره ببرند. هر كس از آن آب بر مي داشت، براي تبرك به خود مي ماليد و كسي هم كه به آن دسترسي پيدا نمي كرد از رطوبت ديگري استفاده مي برد. [28] . عروه از مسور و ديگران نقل مي كند: هنگام وضوي رسول خدا (صلي الله عليه وآله)، نزديك بود كه مردم به دليل هجوم آوردن براي تبرك از آب وضوي پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) خودشان را هلاك كنند. [29] . 5 _ سعد مي گويد: از اصحاب رسول خدا شنيدم كه مي گفتند: رسول خدا (صلي الله عليه وآله) كنار چاه بضاعه آمد و با دلوي از چاه آب كشيد و با آن وضو گرفت و بقيه آن را داخل چاه ريخت. بعد از اين جريان هرگاه شخصي مريض مي شد، از آن چاه آب مي كشيدند و او را مي شستند؛ و فوراً شفا مي يافت. [30] . 6 _ ابوايوب انصاري مي گويد: بعد

از آن كه رسول خدا (صلي الله عليه وآله) وارد خانه ما شد؛ من براي حضرتش غذا مي آوردم، هنگامي كه ظرف غذا را بر مي گرداندم، من و همسرم از محل دست هاي پيامبر(صلي الله عليه وآله) در غذا به نيت تبرك برداشته و استفاده مي كرديم. [31] . [ صفحه 177]

The Practice of Muslims in Seeking Tabarruk

The Practice of the Companions in Seeking Blessings from the Prophet During His Lifetime

Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-Makkī says: “Seeking blessings (tabarruk) from the relics of the Prophet (sawa) was the practice of the Companions, a Sunnah that was continued by the Followers (Tābiʿīn) and the righteous believers after them. This tabarruk with the relics of the Prophet (sawa) occurred during his lifetime, and the Prophet (sawa) never forbade anyone from doing so. This in itself is clear evidence of the legitimacy of tabarruk, for if it were otherwise, the Prophet (sawa) would have prohibited it — especially considering that most of the Companions had strong faith and adhered strictly to the commands of the Prophet (sawa).” [21]

Ibn Ḥajar says: “Every child born during the lifetime of the Prophet (sawa) surely saw him, for the Companions were eager to bring their children to the Prophet (sawa) so that he might bless them and perform taḥnīk (chewing a date and placing it in the infant’s mouth).” [22]

It is even narrated that after the conquest of Makkah, the people would bring their children to the Prophet (sawa) so that he would place his blessed hand upon their heads and supplicate for blessings for them. [23]

Numerous narrations exist on this subject; here are some examples:

1. ʿĀʾishah narrates: “The Companions constantly brought their children to the Messenger of Allah (sawa) so that he might perform taḥnīk for them and make them blessed.” [24]
2. Umm Qays brought her child — who had not yet begun to eat solid food — to the Messenger of Allah (sawa), and placed him upon the Prophet’s lap... [25] Ibn Ḥajar, commenting on this narration, says: “This ḥadīth indicates that performing taḥnīk for a child and seeking tabarruk through the people of virtue is recommended.” [26]
3. Anas reports: “I saw the Messenger of Allah (sawa) when his barber was shaving his blessed head, and the Companions were circling around him so that no hair would fall except into the hands of one of them.” [27]
4. Abū Ḥujayfah says: “I came to the Messenger of Allah (sawa) while he was performing wuḍūʾ, and the people were rushing eagerly to take the water from his ablution. Whoever obtained some of that water would rub it upon himself for blessings; and whoever could not reach it would take from the moisture of another’s hands.” [28]

ʿUrwah narrates from al-Miswar and others: “When the Messenger of Allah (sawa) performed wuḍūʾ, the people nearly destroyed themselves out of eagerness to obtain the blessed water.” [29]

1. Saʿd reports: “I heard from the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (sawa) that the Prophet came to the well of Buḍāʿah, drew water from it with a bucket, performed wuḍūʾ with it, and then poured the remainder back into the well. After this, whenever anyone became ill, they would draw water from that well and wash with it — and they would be healed immediately.” [30]
2. Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī says: “When the Messenger of Allah (sawa) came to stay in our house, I would bring food to him. When the dish was returned, my wife and I would eat from the places where the hands of the Prophet (sawa) had touched, seeking blessings thereby.” [31]