S 2 A 225

بقرة آيه 225

99-/1165 _3- وَ عَنْهُ:عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا،عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ،عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنْ أَبِي سَلاَّمٍ الْمُتَعَبِّدِ،أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ لِسَدِيرٍ: «يَا سَدِيرُ،مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ كَاذِباً كَفَرَ،وَ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ صَادِقاً أَثِمَ،إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ لاٰ تَجْعَلُوا اللّٰهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمٰانِكُمْ».

وَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الشَّيْخُ الْمُفِيدُ فِي(الْإِخْتِصَاصِ)عَنِ الصَّادِقِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) [1].

English: And from him, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, from Yahya ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Abu Salam the devout worshipper, that he heard Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) say to Sadeer: “O Sadeer, whoever swears by Allah while lying has disbelieved, and whoever swears by Allah while truthful has sinned. Indeed, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘And do not make Allah the target of your oaths.’”

99-/1166 _4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ لاَ إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ: وَ لاٰ تَجْعَلُوا اللّٰهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمٰانِكُمْ أَنْ تَبَرُّوا وَ تَتَّقُوا وَ تُصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ النّٰاسِ .قَالَ:

«هُوَ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،وَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ».

English: Al-‘Ayyashi: From Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted—there is no god other than He: “And do not make Allah the target of your oaths, that you may do good and guard against evil and make peace between men.” He said: “It is a man’s saying: ‘No, by Allah,’ and ‘Yes, by Allah.’”

99-/1167 _5- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،وَ حُمْرَانَ،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ): وَ لاٰ تَجْعَلُوا اللّٰهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمٰانِكُمْ .قَالاَ:«هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ،فَيَحْمِلُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا مِنَ الْإِثْمِ».

English: From Zurara, Humran, and Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far and Abu Abdillah (peace be upon them) regarding “And do not make Allah the target of your oaths.” They said: “It is the case of a man who makes peace between two men and takes upon himself what is between them of sin.”

99-/1168 _6- عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لاٰ تَجْعَلُوا اللّٰهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمٰانِكُمْ .قَالَ:«يَعْنِي الرَّجُلَ يَحْلِفُ أَنْ لاَ يُكَلِّمَ أَخَاهُ،وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ،أَوْ لاَ يُكَلِّمَ أُمَّهُ».

English: From Mansur ibn Hazim, from Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him), and from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him) regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “And do not make Allah the target of your oaths.” He said: “It means a man who swears that he will not speak to his brother, and the like of that, or that he will not speak to his mother.”

99-/1169 _7- عَنْ أَيُّوبَ،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «لاَ تَحْلِفُوا بِاللَّهِ صَادِقِينَ وَ لاَ كَاذِبِينَ،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَ لاٰ تَجْعَلُوا اللّٰهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمٰانِكُمْ -قَالَ-:إِذَا اسْتَعَانَ رَجُلٌ بِرَجُلٍ عَلَى صُلْحٍ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ رَجُلٍ،فَلاَ يَقُولَنَّ:إِنَّ عَلَيَّ يَمِيناً أَنْ لاَ أَفْعَلَ؛وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: وَ لاٰ تَجْعَلُوا اللّٰهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمٰانِكُمْ أَنْ تَبَرُّوا وَ تَتَّقُوا وَ تُصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ النّٰاسِ».

English: From Ayyub, who said: I heard him say: “Do not swear by Allah, whether truthful or lying, for Allah says: ‘And do not make Allah the target of your oaths.’” He said: “When a man seeks another’s help to make peace between him and another man, let him not say, ‘I am under an oath not to do it’; and that is the saying of Allah: ‘And do not make Allah the target of your oaths, that you may do good and guard against evil and make peace between men.’”

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى:

لاٰ يُؤٰاخِذُكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمٰانِكُمْ وَ لٰكِنْ يُؤٰاخِذُكُمْ بِمٰا كَسَبَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَ اللّٰهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ [225]

Qur’an 2:225 (M. H. Shakir): Allah does not call you to account for what is vain in your oaths, but He calls you to account for what your hearts have earned, and Allah is Forgiving, Forbearing.

99-/1170 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ،عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ:سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: لاٰ يُؤٰاخِذُكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمٰانِكُمْ .قَالَ:«اللَّغْوُ: قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،وَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ،وَ لاَ يَعْقِدُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ».

English: Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: From ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from Harun ibn Muslim, from Mas‘adah ibn Sadaqah, from Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: I heard him say regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: “Allah does not call you to account for what is vain in your oaths.” He said: “Vain oaths are a man’s saying: ‘No, by Allah,’ and ‘Yes, by Allah,’ without binding it to anything.”

99-/1171 _2- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: لاٰ يُؤٰاخِذُكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمٰانِكُمْ .قَالَ:«هُوَ لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،وَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ،وَ كَلاَّ وَ اللَّهِ،وَ لاَ يَعْقِدُ عَلَيْهَا،أَوْ لاَ يَعْقِدُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ».

English: Al-‘Ayyashi: From Abu al-Sabbah, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the saying of Allah: “Allah does not call you to account for what is vain in your oaths.” He said: “It is ‘No, by Allah,’ and ‘Yes, by Allah,’ and ‘By no means, by Allah,’ and he does not bind it, or he does not bind it to anything.”

99-/1172 _3- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ،قَالَ: اخْتَلَفُوا فِي يَمِينِ اللَّغْوِ،فَقِيلَ:مَا يَجْرِي عَلَى عَادَةِ النَّاسِ،مِنْ قَوْلِ:لاَ وَ اللَّهِ،وَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ،مِنْ غَيْرِ عَقْدٍ عَلَى يَمِينٍ يُقْتَطَعُ بِهَا مَالٌ،وَ لاَ يُظْلَمُ بِهَا أَحَدٌ.

قَالَ:وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ،وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ).

English: Abu ‘Ali al-Tabrisi said: They have differed concerning the vain oath. It was said: it is what flows on people’s tongues by habit, such as “No, by Allah,” and “Yes, by Allah,” without binding it to an oath by which wealth is seized or anyone is wronged. He said: And this is what is narrated from Abu Ja‘far and Abu Abdillah (peace be upon them).

قوله تعالى:

لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسٰائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ فٰاؤُا فَإِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ [226]

Qur’an 2:226 (M. H. Shakir): Those who swear that they will not go in to their wives should wait four months; then if they go back, Allah is surely Forgiving, Merciful.

99-/1173 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ أَبِيهِ،عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَيْفٍ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ،كَيْفَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلاَثَ حِيَضٍ،أَوْ ثَلاَثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً؟ فَقَالَ:«أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلاَثَةُ قُرُوءٍ فَلاِسْتِبْرَاءِ الرَّحِمِ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ،وَ أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَرَطَ لِلنِّسَاءِ شَرْطاً،وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَرْطاً،فَلَمْ يُحَابِهِنَّ فِيمَا شَرَطَ لَهُنَّ،وَ لَمْ يَجُرْ فِيمَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ؛فَأَمَّا مَا شَرَطَ لَهُنَّ فِي الْإِيلاَءِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ؛إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسٰائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَلَمْ يُجَوِّزْ لِأَحَدٍ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فِي الْإِيلاَءِ،لِعِلْمِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ غَايَةُ صَبْرِ الْمَرْأَةِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ،وَ أَمَّا مَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ،فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ إِذَا مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً،فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ مَا أَخَذَ لَهَا مِنْهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ عِنْدَ إِيلاَئِهِ؛قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً [1]وَ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْعَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْعِدَّةِ إِلاَّ مَعَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ،وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ غَايَةَ صَبْرِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فِي تَرْكِ الْجِمَاعِ،فَمِنْ ثَمَّ أَوْجَبَهُ لَهَا وَ عَلَيْهَا» [2].

English: Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub: From ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from al-Husayn ibn Saif, from Muhammad ibn Sulayman, from Abu Ja‘far the second (peace be upon him). He said: I said to him: May I be your ransom, how is it that the waiting period (‘iddah) of a divorced woman is three menstruations or three months, while the waiting period of a woman whose husband has died is four months and ten? He said: “As for the waiting period of a divorced woman—three periods—it is to ensure the womb is clear of pregnancy. And as for the waiting period of a woman whose husband has died, indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, stipulated for women a stipulation and stipulated upon them a stipulation. He did not show them favoritism in what He stipulated for them, nor was He unjust in what He stipulated upon them. As for what He stipulated for them in the matter of ila’ (oath of abstinence), it is four months; indeed Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘Those who swear that they will not go in to their wives should wait four months.’ So He did not permit anyone more than four months in ila’, knowing—Blessed and Exalted—that this is the limit of a woman’s patience in abstaining from her husband. And as for what He stipulated upon them, He commanded her that if her husband dies, she must observe a waiting period of four months and ten, thus taking from her for him at his death what He took for her from him in his life at the time of his ila’. Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said: ‘They shall wait concerning themselves for four months and ten’ [1]. He did not mention ten days in any waiting period except together with the four months, and He knew that the limit of a woman’s patience in abstaining from intercourse is four months; therefore He made it obligatory for her and upon her.” [2]

Qur’an 2:234 (M. H. Shakir) for the cited phrase: And (as for) those of you who die and leave wives behind, they shall wait by themselves for four months and ten (days); then when they have fully attained their term, there is no blame on you for what they do for themselves in a lawful manner; and Allah is aware of what you do.

المراجع:

_3) -الكافي 7:4/434. al-Kafi 7:4/434.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:337/111. Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:337/111.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:338/112. Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:338/112.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:339/112. Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:339/112.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:340/112. Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:340/112.

_1) -الكافي 7:1/443. al-Kafi 7:1/443.

[1] الإختصاص:25. al-Ikhtisas: 25.

_2) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:341/112. Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:341/112.

_3) -مجمع البيان 2:568. Majma‘ al-Bayan 2:568.

_1) -الكافي 6:1/113. al-Kafi 6:1/113.

[1] البقرة 2:234. al-Baqarah 2:234.

[2] في المصدر:أوجبه عليها و لها. fi al-masdar: awjabahu ‘alayha wa laha.