S 2 A 267

بقرة آيه 267

99-/1471 _5- عَنْ سَلاَّمِ بْنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاٰ تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقٰاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَ الْأَذىٰ :«لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاَةُ وَ السَّلاَمُ)،هَذَا تَأْوِيلٌ.قَالَ:أُنْزِلَتْ فِي عُثْمَانَ».

99-/1471: From Sallam ibn al-Mustaneer, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, O you who believe! do not nullify your alms by reproach and injury: “This is an interpretation for Muhammad and the family of Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him and them).” He said: “It was revealed about ‘Uthman.”

Qur’an reference: 2:264 — O you who believe! do not make your charity worthless by reproach and injury, like him who spends his property to be seen of men and does not believe in Allah and the last day. So his parable is as the parable of a smooth rock with earth upon it, then a heavy rain falls upon it, so it leaves it bare; they shall not be able to gain aught of what they have earned; and Allah does not guide the unbelieving people. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1472 _6- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاٰ تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقٰاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَ الْأَذىٰ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: لاٰ يَقْدِرُونَ عَلىٰ شَيْءٍ مِمّٰا كَسَبُوا .قَالَ:«صَفْوَانٌ:أَيْ حَجَرٌ،وَ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ رِيَاءَ النَّاسِ:فُلاَنٌ،وَ فُلاَنٌ،وَ فُلاَنٌ،وَ مُعَاوِيَةُ،وَ أَشْيَاعُهُمْ».

99-/1472: From Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, O you who believe! do not nullify your alms by reproach and injury, up to His saying, they shall not be able to gain aught of what they have earned. He said: “‘Safwan’ means a stone; and those who spend their wealth to be seen by people are so-and-so, and so-and-so, and so-and-so, and Mu‘awiyah, and their followers.”

Qur’an reference: 2:264 — O you who believe! do not make your charity worthless by reproach and injury… they shall not be able to gain aught of what they have earned; and Allah does not guide the unbelieving people. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1473 _7- عَنْ سَلاَّمِ بْنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِهِ: اَلَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمُ ابْتِغٰاءَ مَرْضٰاتِ اللّٰهِ .

قَالَ:«نَزَلَتْ فِي عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)».

99-/1473: From Sallam ibn al-Mustaneer, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Those who spend their wealth seeking Allah’s pleasure: He said, “It was revealed about ‘Ali (peace be upon him).”

Qur’an reference: 2:265 — And the parable of those who spend their property to seek the pleasure of Allah and for the certainty of their souls is as the parable of a garden on an elevated ground, upon which heavy rain falls so it brings forth its fruit twofold; but if heavy rain does not fall upon it, then light rain (is sufficient); and Allah sees what you do. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1474 _8- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) : مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوٰالَهُمُ ابْتِغٰاءَ مَرْضٰاتِ اللّٰهِ ، قَالَ:«عَلِيٌّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)أَفْضَلُهُمْ،وَ هُوَ مِمَّنْ يُنْفِقُ مَالَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ».

99-/1474: From Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): The parable of those who spend their wealth seeking Allah’s pleasure. He said: “‘Ali, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), is the best of them, and he is among those who spend their wealth seeking the pleasure of Allah.”

Qur’an reference: 2:265 — And the parable of those who spend their property to seek the pleasure of Allah… (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1475 _9- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): إِعْصٰارٌ فِيهِ نٰارٌ ،قَالَ:«رِيحٌ».

99-/1475: From Abu Basir, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him): “A whirlwind in which is fire.” He said: “A wind.”

Qur’an reference: 2:266 — Does any one of you like that he should have a garden of palms and vines, with rivers flowing beneath it; he has in it all kinds of fruits, and old age has come upon him and he has weak offspring; when a whirlwind with fire in it strikes it so it gets burnt up? Thus does Allah make the communications clear to you, that you may reflect. (M. H. Shakir)

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبٰاتِ مٰا كَسَبْتُمْ وَ مِمّٰا أَخْرَجْنٰا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لاٰ تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَ لَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلاّٰ أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ[267]

Qur’an 2:267 (M. H. Shakir): O you who believe! spend (benevolently) of the good things that you earn and of what We have produced for you from the earth, and do not aim at what is bad that you may spend (in alms) of it, while you would not take it yourselves unless you connive at it, and know that Allah is Self-sufficient, Praiseworthy.

99-/1476 _1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ:عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ،عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ،عَنْ أَبَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبٰاتِ مٰا كَسَبْتُمْ وَ مِمّٰا أَخْرَجْنٰا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لاٰ تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ .

قَالَ:«كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِذَا أَمَرَ بِالنَّخْلِ أَنْ يُزَكَّى،يَجِيءُ قَوْمٌ بِأَلْوَانٍ مِنَ التَّمْرِ،وَ هُوَ مِنْ أَرْدَءِ التَّمْرِ

99-/1476: Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub, from al-Husayn ibn Muhammad, from al-Mu‘alla ibn Muhammad, from al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali al-Washsha’, from Aban, from Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: O you who believe! spend of the good things that you earn and of what We have brought forth for you from the earth, and do not aim at what is bad of it to spend. He said: “When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) would command that the date-palms be assessed for alms, some people would bring various sorts of dates, which were of the worst kinds of dates, as the dates they would pay as their zakat, called al-ju‘rur and al-mi‘afarah—thin in flesh and large in pit. Some of them would bring these in place of good-quality dates. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘Do not assess these two date-palms, and do not bring anything from them,’ and about that was revealed: And do not aim at what is bad of it to spend, and you would not take it yourselves except with closed eyes. And ‘closing the eyes’ is that one would accept these two kinds of dates.”

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:483/147.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:483/147.

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:484/148.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:484/148.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:485/148،شواهد التنزيل 1:144/104.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:485/148; Shawahid al-Tanzil 1:144/104.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:486/148.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:486/148.

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:4987/148.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:4987/148.

_1) -الكافي 4:9/48.

_al-Kafi 4:9/48.

يُؤَدُّونَهُ عَنْ زَكَاتِهِمْ تَمْراً،يُقَالُ لَهُ:اَلْجُعْرُورُ وَ الْمِعَافَارَةُ،قَلِيلَةُ اللِّحَاءِ،عَظِيمَةُ النَّوَى،وَ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَجِيءُ بِهَا عَنِ التَّمْرِ الْجَيِّدِ،فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لاَ تَخْرُصُوا هَاتَيْنِ النَّخْلَتَيْنِ،وَ لاَ تَجِيئُوا مِنْهَا بِشَيْءٍ،وَ فِي ذَلِكَ نَزَلَ:

وَ لاٰ تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَ لَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلاّٰ أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ وَ الْإِغْمَاضُ:أَنْ تَأْخُذَ هَاتَيْنِ التَّمْرَتَيْنِ».

(Translation included immediately above with 99-/1476.)

99-/1477 _2- وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى:عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبٰاتِ مٰا كَسَبْتُمْ .

قَالَ:«كَانَ الْقَوْمُ قَدْ كَسَبُوا مَكَاسِبَ سَوْءٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ،فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمُوا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يُخْرِجُوهَا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ لِيَتَصَدَّقُوا بِهَا،فَأَبَى اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى إِلاَّ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْ أَطْيَبِ مَا كَسَبُوا».

99-/1477: And in another narration: From Abu Basir, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding His saying, Spend of the good things you have earned: “People had acquired ill-gotten gains in the pre-Islamic period. When they accepted Islam, they wanted to remove them from their wealth to give them in charity, but Allah, Blessed and Exalted, refused except that they should give out from the best of what they had earned.”

Qur’an reference: 2:267 — O you who believe! spend of the good things that you earn… (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1478 _3- عَنْهُ:عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى،عَنْ يُونُسَ،عَنْ دَاوُدَ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):«إِذَا زَنَى الزَّانِي فَارَقَهُ رُوحُ الْإِيمَانِ».

قَالَ:فَقَالَ:«هُوَ مِثْلُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ لاٰ تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ -ثُمَّ قَالَ-غَيْرُ هَذَا أَبْيَنُ مِنْهُ، ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِنْهُ هُوَ الَّذِي فَارَقَهُ».

99-/1478: From him, from ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim, from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from Yunus, from Dawud, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about the saying of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), “When the fornicator commits fornication, the spirit of faith departs from him.” He said: “It is like the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And do not aim at what is bad of it to spend. Then he said: What is clearer than this is the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: And He strengthened them with a spirit from Him—that is what departs from him.”

Qur’an reference: 2:267 — …and do not aim at what is bad… (M. H. Shakir)

Qur’an reference: 58:22 — You shall not find a people who believe in Allah and the latter day befriending those who act in opposition to Allah and His Apostle, even though they were their (own) fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their kinsfolk; these are they into whose hearts He has impressed faith, and He has strengthened them with a spirit from Him, and He will cause them to enter gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein; Allah is well pleased with them and they are well pleased with Him; these are Allah’s party: now surely the party of Allah are the successful ones. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1479 _4- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبٰاتِ مٰا كَسَبْتُمْ وَ مِمّٰا أَخْرَجْنٰا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لاٰ تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ .

قَالَ:«كَانَ أُنَاسٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)يَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِشَرِّ مَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ التَّمْرِ الرَّقِيقِ الْقِشْرِ،الْكَبِيرِ النَّوَى،يُقَالُ لَهُ:اَلْمِعَافَارَةُ،فَفِي ذَلِكَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: وَ لاٰ تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ ».

99-/1479: Al-‘Ayyashi, from ‘Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), regarding the saying of Allah: O you who believe! spend of the good things that you earn and of what We have brought forth for you from the earth, and do not aim at what is bad of it to spend. He said: “There were people at the time of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) who would give in charity the worst that they had of dates—thin-skinned with large pits—called al-mi‘afarah. Concerning that Allah revealed: And do not aim at what is bad of it to spend.”

Qur’an reference: 2:267 — …and do not aim at what is bad of it to spend… (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1480 _5- عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): وَ مِمّٰا أَخْرَجْنٰا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ؟ قَالَ:«كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)إِذَا أَمَرَ بِالنَّخْلِ أَنْ يُزَكَّى،يَجِيءُ قَوْمٌ بِأَلْوَانٍ مِنَ التَّمْرِ،هُوَ مِنْ أَرْدَأِ التَّمْرِ يُؤَدُّونَهُ عَنْ زَكَاتِهِمْ تَمْراً،يُقَالُ لَهُ:اَلْجُعْرُورُ وَ الْمِعَافَارَةُ،قَلِيلَةَ اللِّحَاءِ،عَظِيمَةَ النَّوَى،فَكَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَجِيءُ بِهَا عَنِ التَّمْرِ الْجَيِّدِ،فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):لاَ تَخْرُصُوا هَاتَيْنِ،وَ لاَ تَجِيئُوا مِنْهَا بِشَيْءٍ،وَ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبٰاتِ مٰا كَسَبْتُمْ -إِلَى قَوْلِهِ:- إِلاّٰ أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ وَ الْإِغْمَاضُ:أَنْ يَأْخُذَ هَاتَيْنِ التَّمْرَتَيْنِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ».

99-/1480: From Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) about: and of what We have brought forth for you from the earth. He said: “When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) would command that the date-palms be assessed for alms, some people would bring various kinds of dates which were among the worst dates as the zakat they paid, called al-ju‘rur and al-mi‘afarah—thin in flesh and large in pit—and some would bring these in place of good dates. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘Do not assess these two and do not bring anything from them,’ and about that Allah revealed: O you who believe! spend of the good things that you earn … up to His saying: except that you connive at it. And ‘conniving’ is that he would take these two kinds of dates from the dates.”

Qur’an reference: 2:267 — O you who believe! spend of the good things that you earn … except that you connive at it… (M. H. Shakir)

And he said: “No charity from unlawful gain ever reaches Allah.”

_2) -الكافي 4:10/48.

_al-Kafi 4:10/48.

_3) -الكافي 2:17/216.

_al-Kafi 2:17/216.

_4) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:488/148.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:488/148.

_5) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:489/148.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:489/148.

[1] في«س»:اللحم.

[2] خرص النخلة:حزر ما عليها من الرّطب.«مجمع البحرين-خرص-4:167».

[3] في المصدر:الرجل.

[4] المجادلة 22/58.

99-/1481 _6- عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: إِلاّٰ أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ .

قَالَ:«إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)بَعَثَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ،فَقَالَ:لاَ تَخْرُصُوا جُعْرُوراً وَ لاَ مِعَافَارَةَ،وَ كَانَ أُنَاسٌ يَجِيئُونَ بِتَمْرِ سَوْءٍ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ: وَ لَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلاّٰ أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ ،وَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ خَرَصَ عَلَيْهِمْ تَمْرَ سَوْءٍ،فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ،لاَ تَخْرُصُوا جُعْرُوراً وَ لاَ مِعَافَارَةً».

99-/1481: From Rifa‘ah, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him) regarding Allah’s saying: except that you connive at it. He said: “The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) sent ‘Abdullah ibn Rawahah and said: ‘Do not assess ju‘rur nor mi‘afarah.’ People used to bring bad dates, so Allah, Glorified be His remembrance, revealed: and you would not take it yourselves except that you connive at it. It is mentioned that ‘Abdullah assessed bad dates for them, so the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family) said: ‘O ‘Abdullah, do not assess ju‘rur nor mi‘afarah.’”

Qur’an reference: 2:267 — …and you would not take it yourselves unless you connive at it… (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1482 _7- عَنْ زُرَارَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) ،فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ لاٰ تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ .

قَالَ:«كَانَتْ بَقَايَا فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ أَصَابُوهَا مِنَ الرِّبَا،[مِنَ الْمَكَاسِبِ]الْخَبِيثَةِ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ،فَكَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ يَتَيَمَّمُهَا فَيُنْفِقُهَا وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا،فَنَهَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ».

99-/1482: From Zurara, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him), regarding Allah’s saying: And do not aim at what is bad of it to spend. He said: “There remained in people’s wealth remnants they had obtained from usury and other vile earnings before that. One of them would deliberately select it to spend and give in charity from it, so Allah forbade them from that.”

Qur’an reference: 2:267 — …and do not aim at what is bad of it to spend… (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1483 _8- عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ،عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَ لاٰ تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ .

قَالَ:«كَانَ النَّاسُ حِينَ أَسْلَمُوا عِنْدَهُمْ مَكَاسِبُ مِنَ الرِّبَا وَ مِنْ أَمْوَالٍ خَبِيثَةٍ،فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَعَمَّدُهَا مِنْ بَيْنِ مَالِهِ فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا،فَنَهَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ،وَ إِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لاَ تَصْلُحُ إِلاَّ مِنْ كَسْبٍ طَيِّبٍ».

99-/1483: From Abu al-Sabbah, from Abu Ja‘far (peace be upon him). He said: I asked him about Allah’s saying: And do not aim at what is bad of it to spend. He said: “When people accepted Islam, they had earnings from usury and impure wealth. A man would deliberately choose it from among his wealth to give in charity, so Allah forbade them from that, for charity is only valid from pure earnings.”

Qur’an reference: 2:267 — …and do not aim at what is bad of it to spend… (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1484 _9- عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ،عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: «كَانَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ يَأْتُونَ بِصَدَقَةِ الْفِطْرِ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ فِيهِ عِذْقٌ يُسَمَّى الْجُعْرُورَ،وَ يُسَمَّى مِعَافَارَةً،كَانَا عَظِيمٌ نَوَاهُمَا،رَقِيقٌ لِحَاؤُهُمَا،فِي طَعْمِهِمَا مَرَارَةٌ،فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)لِلْخَارِصِ:لاَ تَخْرُصْ عَلَيْهِمْ هَذَيْنِ اللَّوْنَيْنِ،لَعَلَّهُمْ يَسْتَحْيُونَ لاَ يَأْتُونَ بِهِمَا،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبٰاتِ مٰا كَسَبْتُمْ -إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى:- تُنْفِقُونَ ».

99-/1484: From Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar, from Ja‘far ibn Muhammad (peace be upon him), who said: “The people of Madinah used to bring the charity of Fitr to the Mosque of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), and there were clusters called al-ju‘rur and al-mi‘afarah; their pits were large, their flesh thin, and there was a bitterness in their taste. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said to the assessor: ‘Do not assess for them these two kinds; perhaps they will feel shy and not bring them.’ Then Allah revealed: O you who believe! spend of the good things that you earn … up to His saying: …to spend.”

Qur’an reference: 2:267 — O you who believe! spend of the good things that you earn … to spend. (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1485 _10- عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الضَّبِّيِّ،قَالَ: مَرَّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ وَ هِيَ جَالِسَةٌ عَلَى بَابِ دَارِهَا بُكْرَةً،وَ كَانَ يُقَالُ لَهَا:أُمُّ بَكْرٍ،وَ فِي يَدِهَا مِغْزَلٌ تَغْزِلُ بِهِ،فَقَالَ:يَا أُمَّ بَكْرٍ،أَ مَا كَبِرْتِ،أَ لَمْ يَأْنِ لَكِ أَنْ تَضَعِي هَذَا الْمِغْزَلَ؟فَقَالَتْ:وَ كَيْفَ أَضَعُهُ،وَ سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)يَقُولُ:«هُوَ مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ الْكَسْبِ».

99-/1485: From Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Dabbi, who said: Ibrahim al-Nakha‘i passed by a woman as she was sitting at the door of her house in the morning. She was called Umm Bakr, and in her hand was a spindle with which she was spinning. He said: “O Umm Bakr, have you not become old? Has the time not come for you to put down this spindle?” She said: “How could I put it down, when I heard ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), say: ‘It is among the goodly means of earning.’”

_6) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:490/149.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:490/149.

_7) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:491/149.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:491/149.

_8) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:492/149.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:492/149.

_9) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:493/150.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:493/150.

_10) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:494/150.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:494/150.

[1] في المصدر:لا تخرص.

[2] في«ط»:تيمّمها.

قوله تعالى:

اَلشَّيْطٰانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْفَحْشٰاءِ وَ اللّٰهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ وَ فَضْلاً وَ اللّٰهُ وٰاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ[268]

Qur’an 2:268 (M. H. Shakir): The Shaitan threatens you with poverty and enjoins you to be niggardly, and Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and abundance; and Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing.

99-/1486 _1- ابْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارُ،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى،قَالَ:حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ،عَنْ عَبَّاسٍ،عَنْ أَسْبَاطٍ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):إِنِّي رُبَّمَا حَزِنْتُ فَلاَ أَعْرِفُ فِي أَهْلٍ وَ لاَ مَالٍ وَ لاَ وَلَدٍ،وَ رُبَّمَا فَرِحْتُ فَلاَ أَعْرِفُ فِي أَهْلٍ وَ لاَ مَالٍ وَ لاَ وَلَدٍ.

فَقَالَ:«إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلاَّ وَ مَعَهُ مَلَكٌ وَ شَيْطَانٌ،فَإِذَا كَانَ فَرَحُهُ كَانَ مِنْ دُنُوِّ الْمَلَكِ مِنْهُ،وَ إِذَا كَانَ حَزَنُهُ كَانَ مِنْ دُنُوِّ الشَّيْطَانِ مِنْهُ،وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى: اَلشَّيْطٰانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْفَحْشٰاءِ وَ اللّٰهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ وَ فَضْلاً وَ اللّٰهُ وٰاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ ».

99-/1486: Ibn Babawayh said: My father (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to me, who said: Muhammad ibn Yahya al-‘Attar narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya narrated to us, who said: al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali, from ‘Abbas, from Asbat, from Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman, who said: I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him): “Sometimes I feel sadness without recognizing it as being due to family, wealth, or child; and sometimes I feel joy without recognizing it as being due to family, wealth, or child.” He said: “There is no one except that with him is an angel and a devil. When his joy occurs, it is from the angel drawing near to him; and when his sadness occurs, it is from the devil drawing near to him. That is the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted: The Shaitan threatens you with poverty and enjoins you to be niggardly, and Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and abundance, and Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing.”

Qur’an reference: 2:268 — The Shaitan threatens you with poverty… (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1487 _2-علي بن إبراهيم،قال:إن الشيطان يقول:لا تنفقوا فإنكم تفتقرون وَ اللّٰهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ أي يغفر لكم إن أنفقتم لله وَ فَضْلاً ،قال:يخلف عليكم.

99-/1487: ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim said: “Shaitan says: ‘Do not spend, for you will become poor,’ and Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself—meaning, He will forgive you if you spend for Allah’s sake—and bounty,” he said: “He will replace it for you.”

Qur’an reference: 2:268 — The Shaitan threatens you with poverty… and Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and abundance… (M. H. Shakir)

99-/1488 _3- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ:عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ خَارِجَةَ،عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)،قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:إِنِّي أَفْرَحُ مِنْ غَيْرِ فَرَحٍ أَرَاهُ فِي نَفْسِي،وَ لاَ فِي مَالِي،وَ لاَ فِي صَدِيقِي،وَ أَحْزَنُ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَزَنٍ أَرَاهُ فِي نَفْسِي،وَ لاَ فِي مَالِي،وَ لاَ فِي صَدِيقِي.

قَالَ:نَعَمْ،إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يُلِمُّ بِالْقَلْبِ،فَيَقُولُ:لَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْراً مَا أَدَالَ عَلَيْكَ عَدُوَّكَ،وَ لاَ جَعَلَ بِكَ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةً،هَلْ تَنْتَظِرُ إِلاَّ مِثْلَ الَّذِي انْتَظَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ،فَهَلْ قَالُوا شَيْئاً؟فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَحْزَنُ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَزَنٍ.

وَ أَمَّا عَنِ الْفَرَحِ،فَإِنَّ الْمَلَكَ يُلِمُّ بِالْقَلْبِ فَيَقُولُ:إِنْ كَانَ اللَّهُ أَدَالَ عَلَيْكَ عَدُوَّكَ،وَ جَعَلَ بِكَ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةً،فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ أَيَّامٌ قَلاَئِلُ،أَبْشِرْ بِمَغْفِرَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ فَضْلٍ،وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ: اَلشَّيْطٰانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْفَحْشٰاءِ وَ اللّٰهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ وَ فَضْلاً ».

99-/1488: Al-‘Ayyashi, from Harun ibn Kharijah, from Abu ‘Abdillah (peace be upon him), who said: I said to him: “I become joyful without perceiving any cause in myself, nor in my wealth, nor in my friend; and I become sad without perceiving any cause in myself, nor in my wealth, nor in my friend.” He said: “Yes. Shaitan touches the heart and says: ‘If that were good with Allah, He would not have given your enemy the upper hand over you, nor would He have made you in need of him. Are you awaiting anything other than what those before you awaited? Did they say anything?’ So that is the one who becomes sad without [a recognizable] cause. As for joy, the angel touches the heart and says: ‘If Allah has given your enemy the upper hand over you, and has made you in need of him, it is only for a few days. Rejoice in forgiveness from Allah and bounty.’ And that is the saying of Allah: The Shaitan threatens you with poverty and enjoins you to be niggardly, and Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and abundance.”

Qur’an reference: 2:268 — The Shaitan threatens you with poverty… (M. H. Shakir)

_1) -علل الشرائع:1/93.

_‘Ilal al-Shara’i‘ 1:93.

_2) -تفسير القمّيّ 1:92.

_Tafsir al-Qummi 1:92.

_3) -تفسير العيّاشي 1:495/150.

_Tafsir al-‘Ayyashi 1:495/150.

[1] في«س»:و أسباط،و لعله الصواب لرواية الحسن بن عليّ عنه،انظر معجم رجال الحديث 3:27.

[2] في المصدر:لا تنفق فانّك تفتقر.

[3] أدال عليك عدوّك:جعله يغلبك و ينتصر عليك.