S 2 A 169

بقرة آيه 169

99- _1- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ):قَالَ الْإِمَامُ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ فِي رَدِّهِمْ نُبُوَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ وَلاَيَةَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَ مٰاتُوا وَ هُمْ كُفّٰارٌ عَلَى كُفْرِهِمْ أُولٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللّٰهِ يُوجِبُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمُ الْبُعْدَ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ،وَ السَّحْقَ [1] مِنَ الثَّوَابِ وَ الْمَلاٰئِكَةِ وَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ يَلْعَنُونَهُمْ وَ النّٰاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ وَ لَعْنَةُ النَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ كُلٌّ يَلْعَنُهُمْ،لِأَنَّ كُلَّ الْمَأْمُورِينَ الْمَنْهِيِّينَ يَلْعَنُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ،وَ الْكَافِرُونَ أَيْضاً يَقُولُونَ:لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْكَافِرِين،فَهُمْ فِي لَعْنِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَيْضاً خٰالِدِينَ فِيهٰا فِي اللَّعْنَةِ،فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ لاٰ يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذٰابُ يَوْماً وَ لاَ سَاعَةً وَ لاٰ هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ لاَ يُؤَخَّرُونَ سَاعَةً،إِلاَّ يَحُلُّ بِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ».

99-1- (al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him): 334/572): The Imam (peace be upon him) said: Allah, the Exalted, said: Indeed, those who disbelieved in Allah by rejecting the prophethood of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) and the guardianship of ‘Ali son of Abi Talib (peace be upon him), and died while they were disbelievers upon their disbelief—upon them is the curse of Allah: Allah, the Exalted, decrees for them remoteness from mercy and obliteration [1] of reward; and upon them is the curse of the angels—who curse them—and the curse of all people—each one curses them—because all those who are commanded and forbidden curse the disbelievers, and the disbelievers themselves also say: “May Allah curse the disbelievers.” Thus they are, as well, abiding in cursing their own selves—abiding therein in the curse—in the Fire of Hell; their punishment will not be lightened for them for a day or an hour, nor will they be reprieved; they will not be delayed even an hour—rather, punishment will inevitably befall them.

99- _2- وَ عَنْهُ:«قَالَ الْإِمَامُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ):قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ): إِنَّ هَؤُلاَءِ الْكَاتِمِينَ لِصِفَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،وَ الْجَاحِدِينَ لِحِلْيَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَلِيِّ اللَّهِ،إِذَا أَتَاهُمْ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ لِيَقْبِضَ أَرْوَاحَهُمْ،أَتَاهُمْ بِأَفْظَعِ الْمَنَاظِرِ، وَ أَقْبَحِ الْوُجُوهِ،فَيُحِيطُ بِهِمْ عِنْدَ نَزْعِ أَرْوَاحِهِمْ مَرَدَةُ شَيَاطِينِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَعْرِفُونَهُمْ،ثُمَّ يَقُولُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ:أَبْشِرِي أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْخَبِيثَةُ،الْكَافِرَةُ بِرَبِّهَا بِجَحْدِ نُبُوَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ،وَ إِمَامَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَصِيِّهِ،بِلَعْنَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ غَضَبِهِ.ثُمَّ يَقُولُ:اِرْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ وَ طَرْفَكَ وَ انْظُرْ.فَيَنْظُرُ فَيَرَى دُونَ الْعَرْشِ مُحَمَّداً(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)عَلَى سَرِيرٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَرْشِ الرَّحْمَنِ،وَ يَرَى عَلِيّاً(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ)عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ،وَ سَائِرَ الْأَئِمَّةِ(عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ)عَلَى مَرَاتِبِهِمُ الشَّرِيفَةِ بِحَضْرَتِهِ،ثُمَّ يَرَى الْجِنَانَ قَدْ فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُهَا،وَ يَرَى الْقُصُورَ وَ الدَّرَجَاتِ وَ الْمَنَازِلَ الَّتِي تَقْصُرُ عَنْهَا أَمَانِيُّ الْمُتَمَنِّينَ،فَيَقُولُ لَهُ:لَوْ كُنْتَ لِأُولَئِكَ مُوَالِياً كَانَتْ رُوحُكَ يَعْرُجُ بِهَا إِلَى حَضْرَتِهِمْ،وَ كَانَ يَكُونُ مَأْوَاكَ فِي تِلْكَ الْجِنَانِ،وَ كَانَتْ تَكُونُ مَنَازِلُكَ فِيهَا؛وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ عَلَى مُخَالَفَتِهِمْ،فَقَدْ حُرِمْتَ[مِنْ]حَضْرَتِهِمْ،وَ مُنِعْتَ مُجَاوَرَتَهُمْ،وَ تِلْكَ مَنَازِلُكَ،وَ أُولَئِكَ مُجَاوِرُوكَ وَ مُقَارِبُوكَ،فَانْظُرْ.فَيُرْفَعُ لَهُ عَنْ حُجُبِ الْهَاوِيَةِ،فَيَرَاهَا بِمَا فِيهَا مِنْ بَلاَيَاهَا وَ دَوَاهِيهَا وَ عَقَارِبِهَا وَ حَيَّاتِهَا وَ أَفَاعِيهَا وَ ضُرُوبِ عَذَابِهَا وَ أَنْكَالِهَا،فَيُقَالُ لَهُ:فَتِلْكَ إِذَنْ مَنَازِلُكَ.ثُمَّ تَمَثَّلُ لَهُ شَيَاطِينُهُ،هَؤُلاَءِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُغْوُونَهُ وَ يَقْبَلُ مِنْهُمْ،مُقَرَّنِينَ مَعَهُ هُنَاكَ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَصْفَادِ وَ الْأَغْلاَلِ،فَيَكُونُ مَوْتُهُ بِأَشَدِّ حَسْرَةٍ وَ أَعْظَمِ أَسَفٍ».

99-2- (al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him): 335/572): And from him: Imam ‘Ali son of al-Husayn (peace be upon them) said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: These people who conceal the description of Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, and who deny the ornament of ‘Ali, the Friend of Allah—when the Angel of Death comes to take their souls, he approaches them with the most horrifying sights and the ugliest faces. Then, at the wrenching out of their souls, the rebellious devils who knew them surround them. Then the Angel of Death says, “Rejoice, O vile soul that disbelieved in its Lord by denying the prophethood of His Prophet and the imamate of ‘Ali, his executor, with a curse and wrath from Allah.” Then he says, “Raise your head and your gaze, and look.” So he looks and sees beneath the Throne Muhammad (may Allah bless him and his family) upon a couch before the Throne of the All‑merciful, and he sees ‘Ali (peace be upon him) upon a chair before him, and the rest of the Imams (peace be upon them) at their noble stations in his presence. Then he sees the Gardens, their gates opened, and he sees the palaces, ranks, and stations beyond the aspirations of any who aspire. Then it is said to him, “Had you been loyal to those, your soul would have ascended to their presence; your abode would have been in those Gardens, and those would have been your stations therein. But since you were in opposition to them, you have been deprived of their presence and prevented from dwelling near them. Those are your stations, and those are your neighbors and your near ones—look!” Then the veils of the abyss are lifted for him, and he beholds it with its afflictions and calamities, its scorpions, serpents, vipers, and its kinds of punishment and fetters. It is said to him, “Those, then, are your stations.” Then his devils—those who used to lead him astray and whose words he accepted—are made to appear to him, chained together with him there in those shackles and bonds. Thus his death is in the utmost regret and the greatest sorrow.

قوله تعالى:

إِنَّمٰا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالسُّوءِ وَ الْفَحْشٰاءِ وَ أَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللّٰهِ مٰا لاٰ تَعْلَمُونَ[169]

(Qur’an 2:169) He only enjoins you evil and indecency, and that you may speak against Allah what you do not know. [M. H. Shakir]

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):334/572.

_1) -al-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi al-salām): 334/572.

_2) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):335/572.

_2) -al-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi al-salām): 335/572.

[1] السّحق:البعد.

[1] al-saḥq: al-bu‘d (remoteness).

99- _1- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): « إِنَّمٰا يَأْمُرُكُمْ الشَّيْطَانُ بِالسُّوءِ بِسُوءِ الْمَذْهَبِ وَ الاِعْتِقَادِ فِي خَيْرِ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)وَ جُحُودِ وَلاَيَةِ أَفْضَلِ أَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَ أَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللّٰهِ مٰا لاٰ تَعْلَمُونَ بِإِمَامَةِ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ فِي الْإِمَامَةِ حَظّاً،وَ مَنْ جَعَلَهُ مِنْ أَرَاذِلِ أَعْدَائِهِ وَ أَعْظَمِهِمْ كُفْراً بِهِ».

99-1- (al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him): 342/581): Indeed, it is only that Satan commands you to evil—that is, to an evil creed and belief regarding the best of Allah’s creation, Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family), and to the denial of the guardianship of the best of Allah’s friends after Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah; and that you say against Allah what you do not know—by asserting the imamate of one for whom Allah has allotted no share in imamate, one whom He has made to be among the vilest of His enemies and the greatest of them in disbelief in Him.

قوله تعالى:

يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبٰاتِ مٰا رَزَقْنٰاكُمْ وَ اشْكُرُوا لِلّٰهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيّٰاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ[172]

(Qur’an 2:172) O you who believe! eat of the good things that We have provided you with and give thanks to Allah if Him it is that you serve. [M. H. Shakir]

99- _2- (التَّفْسِيرُ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ(عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ): «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يٰا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِتَوْحِيدِ اللَّهِ،وَ نُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ،وَ بِإِمَامَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَلِيِّ اللَّهِ كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبٰاتِ مٰا رَزَقْنٰاكُمْ وَ اشْكُرُوا لِلّٰهِ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَكُمْ مِنْهَا بِالْمُقَامِ عَلَى وَلاَيَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ لِيَقِيَكُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِذَلِكَ شُرُورَ الشَّيَاطِينِ الْمُتَمَرِّدَةِ عَلَى رَبِّهَا عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ،فَإِنَّكُمْ كُلَّمَا جَدَّدْتُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ وَلاَيَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ(عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ)تَجَدَّدُ عَلَى مَرَدَةِ الشَّيَاطِينِ لَعَائِنُ اللَّهِ،وَ أَعَاذَكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ نَفَخَاتِهِمْ وَ نَفَثَاتِهِمْ.فَلَمَّا قَالَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ)،قِيلَ:يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ مَا نَفَخَاتُهُمْ؟ قَالَ:هِيَ مَا يَنْفُخُونَ بِهِ عِنْدَ الْغَضَبِ فِي الْإِنْسَانِ الَّذِي يَحْمِلُونَهُ عَلَى هَلاَكِهِ فِي دِينِهِ وَ دُنْيَاهُ،وَ قَدْ يَنْفُخُونَ فِي غَيْرِ حَالِ الْغَضَبِ بِمَا يُهْلِكُونَ بِهِ.

أَ تَدْرُونَ مَا أَشَدُّ مَا يَنْفُخُونَ بِهِ؟هُوَ مَا يَنْفُخُونَ بِأَنْ يُوهِمُوهُ أَنَّ أَحَداً مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ فَاضِلٌ عَلَيْنَا،أَوْ عِدْلٌ لَنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ،كَلاَّ-وَ اللَّهِ-بَلْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مُحَمَّداً ثُمَّ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ فَوْقَ جَمِيعِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ،كَمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى السَّمَاءَ فَوْقَ الْأَرْضِ،وَ كَمَا زَادَ نُورُ الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ عَلَى السُّهَا.

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ(صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ):وَ أَمَّا نَفَثَاتُهُ:فَأَنْ يَرَى أَحَدُكُمْ أَنَّ شَيْئاً بَعْدَ الْقُرْآنِ أَشْفَى لَهُ مِنْ ذِكْرِنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ عَلَيْنَا،فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ ذِكْرَنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ شِفَاءً لِلصُّدُورِ،وَ جَعَلَ الصَّلَوَاتِ عَلَيْنَا مَاحِيَةً لِلْأَوْزَارِ وَ الذُّنُوبِ،وَ مُطَهِّرَةً مِنَ الْعُيُوبِ وَ مُضَاعِفَةً لِلْحَسَنَاتِ».

99-2- (al-Tafsir al-mansub ila al-Imam al-‘Askari (peace be upon him): 348/584): Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: O you who have believed in the oneness of Allah, and in the prophethood of Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, and in the imamate of ‘Ali, the Friend of Allah: eat of the good things We have provided you, and give thanks to Allah for what He has provided you thereof by remaining steadfast upon the guardianship of Muhammad and ‘Ali, so that Allah, Exalted is He, may protect you thereby from the evils of the devils who rebel against their Lord, Mighty and Majestic. For whenever you renew upon yourselves the guardianship of Muhammad and ‘Ali (peace be upon them), Allah’s curses are renewed upon the rebellious devils, and Allah grants you refuge from their blowings and their breathings. When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said this, it was asked: “O Messenger of Allah, what are their blowings?” He said: It is what they blow into a person in anger, by which they drive him to his ruin in his religion and his worldly life; and they may blow even apart from anger with that by which they destroy. Do you know what is the worst thing they blow with? It is that they blow by making him suppose that anyone of this ummah is superior to us, or equal to us, the People of the House. Never—by Allah! Rather, Allah, the Exalted, has made Muhammad and then the family of Muhammad above all this ummah, just as Allah, the Exalted, has made the heaven above the earth, and as the light of the sun and the moon exceeds that of the Suhayyā (Pleiades). The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family) said: As for his breathings, it is that one of you should think that anything after the Qur’an is more healing for him than our remembrance—the People of the House—and prayers upon us. For Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has made our remembrance—a People of the House—a healing for the hearts, and He has made prayers upon us effacers of burdens and sins, purifiers from defects, and doublers of good deeds.

_1) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):342/581.

_1) -al-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi al-salām): 342/581.

_2) -التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكريّ(عليه السّلام):348/584.

_2) -al-tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-imām al-‘askarī (alayhi al-salām): 348/584.